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  • MDPI AG  (214)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    EMuS Muon Facility and Its Application in the Study of Magnetism
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Quantum Beam Science Vol. 2, No. 4 ( 2018-11-07), p. 23-
    Details
    In: Quantum Beam Science, MDPI AG, Vol. 2, No. 4 ( 2018-11-07), p. 23-
    Abstract: A muon facility—EMuS (Experimental Muon Source)—at China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) has been studied since 2007. CSNS, which is designed to deliver a proton beam power of 100 kW at Phase-I, and will serve multidisciplinary research based on neutron scattering techniques, has just completed construction, and is ready to open to general users from September 2018. As an additional platform to CSNS, EMuS aims to provide different muon beams for multiple applications, among which, magnetism study by μSR techniques is a core part. By using innovative designs, such as a long target in conical shape situating in superconducting capture solenoids and forward collection method, EMuS can provide very intense muon beams with a proton beam of 5 kW and 1.6 GeV, from surface muons, decay muons, and high momentum muons to slow muons. In this article, the design aspects of EMuS, including general design, target station, muon beamlines, and μSR spectrometer, as well as prospects for applications on magnetism studies, will be reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2412-382X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/qubs2040023
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2912215-6
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    BTU Cottbus
    Wissenschaftspark Albert Einstein
    EUV Frankfurt
    TH Wildau
    FH Potsdam
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Potential Similarities in Sex Difference in Key Genes and Their Expression, Network, EQTL and Pathways between COVID-19 and Chronic Kidney Disease Based on Mouse Model
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Personalized Medicine Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2022-07-21), p. 1190-
    Details
    In: Journal of Personalized Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2022-07-21), p. 1190-
    Abstract: COVID-19 and chronic kidney disease (CKD) share similarity in sex bias and key genes in the disease pathway of sex difference. We investigated the sex difference of molecular pathways of four key players of these two diseases using an existing large set of whole genome expression profiles from the kidneys of female and male mouse models. Our data show that there is little to no correlation at the whole genome expression level between female and male mice among these four genes. There are considerable sex differences among genes in upstream regulation, Ace2 complex interaction, and downstream pathways. Snap25 and Plcb4 may play important roles in the regulation of the expression level of Adam17, Tmprss2, and Cd146 in females. In males, Adh4 is a candidate gene for the regulation of Adam17, while Asl, Auts2, and Rabger1 are candidates for Tmprss2. Within the Ace2 complex, Cd146 directly influences the expression level of Adam17 and Ace2 in the female, while in the male Adam potentially has a stronger influence on Ace2 than that of Tmprss2. Among the top 100 most related genes, only one or two genes from four key genes and 11 from the control B-Actin were found to be the same between sexes. Among the top 10 sets of genes in the downstream pathway of Ace2, only two sets are the same between the sexes. We concluded that these known key genes and novel genes in CKD may play significant roles in the sex difference in the CKD and COVID-19 disease pathways.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jpm12071190
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662248-8
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    BTU Cottbus
    Wissenschaftspark Albert Einstein
    EUV Frankfurt
    TH Wildau
    FH Potsdam
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Quantitative Estimation of the Effects of Soil Moisture on Temperature Using a Soil Water and Heat Coupling Model
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Agriculture Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2022-09-02), p. 1371-
    Details
    In: Agriculture, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2022-09-02), p. 1371-
    Abstract: Soil moisture is not only an essential component of the water cycle in terrestrial ecosystems but also a major influencing factor of regional climate. In the soil hydrothermal process, soil moisture has a significant regulating effect on surface temperature; it can drive surface temperature change by influencing the soil’s physical properties and the partitioning of the available surface energy. However, limited soil temperature and moisture observations restrict the previous studies of soil hydrothermal processes, and few models focus on estimating the impact of soil moisture on soil temperature. Therefore, based on the experiments conducted in Wuchuan County in 2020, this study proposes a soil water and heat coupling model that includes radiation, evaporation, soil water transport, soil heat conduction and ground temperature coupling modules to simulate the soil temperature and moisture and subsequently estimate the effects of soil moisture. The results show that the model performs well. The Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient (NSE) and the concordance index (C) of the simulated and measured values under each treatment are higher than 0.26 and 0.7, respectively. The RMSE of the simulation results is between 0.0067–0.017 kg kg−1 (soil moisture) and 0.43–1.06 °C (soil temperature), respectively. The simulated values matched well with the actual values. The soil moisture had a noticeable regulatory effect on the soil temperature change, the soil surface temperature would increase by 0.08–0.43 °C for every 1% decrease in soil moisture, and with the increase in soil moisture, the variation of the soil temperature decreased. Due to the changes in the solar radiation, the sensitivity of the soil temperature to the decline in soil moisture was the greatest during June–July and the least in September. Moreover, the contributions of soil moisture changes to temperature increase under various initial conditions are inconsistent, the increase in sunshine hours, initial daily average temperature and decrease in leaf area index (LAI), soil density and soil heat capacity can increase the soil surface temperature. The results are expected to provide insights for exploring the impact mechanism of regional climate change and optimizing the structure of agricultural production.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0472
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agriculture12091371
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651678-0
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    BTU Cottbus
    Wissenschaftspark Albert Einstein
    EUV Frankfurt
    TH Wildau
    FH Potsdam
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OsHsfB4b Confers Enhanced Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis and Rice
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 18 ( 2022-09-16), p. 10830-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 18 ( 2022-09-16), p. 10830-
    Abstract: Heat shock factors (Hsfs) play pivotal roles in plant stress responses and confer stress tolerance. However, the functions of several Hsfs in rice (Oryza sativa L.) are not yet known. In this study, genome-wide analysis of the Hsf gene family in rice was performed. A total of 25 OsHsf genes were identified, which could be clearly clustered into three major groups, A, B, and C, based on the characteristics of the sequences. Bioinformatics analysis showed that tandem duplication and fragment replication were two important driving forces in the process of evolution and expansion of the OsHsf family genes. Both OsHsfB4b and OsHsfB4d showed strong responses to the stress treatment. The results of subcellular localization showed that the OsHsfB4b protein was in the nucleus whereas the OsHsfB4d protein was located in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Over-expression of the OsHsfB4b gene in Arabidopsis and rice can increase the resistance to drought stress. This study provides a basis for understanding the function and evolutionary history of the OsHsf gene family, enriching our knowledge of understanding the biological functions of OsHsfB4b and OsHsfB4d genes involved in the stress response in rice, and also reveals the potential value of OsHsfB4b in rice environmental adaptation improvement.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810830
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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    BTU Cottbus
    Wissenschaftspark Albert Einstein
    EUV Frankfurt
    TH Wildau
    FH Potsdam
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reliability Study of an Intelligent Profiling Progressive Automatic Glue Cutter Based on the Improved FMECA Method
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Agriculture Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2023-07-26), p. 1475-
    Details
    In: Agriculture, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2023-07-26), p. 1475-
    Abstract: This study introduces the fuzzy theory approach as an enhancement to the traditional failure mode, effect, and criticality analysis (FMECA) method in order to address its limitations, which primarily stem from subjectivity and a lack of quantitative analysis. The proposed method, referred to as FMECA improvement based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, aims to quantify the qualitative aspect of the analysis and provides a detailed outline of the analysis procedure. By applying the enhanced FMECA method to assess the reliability of an intelligent profiling progressive automatic rubber cutter, the hazard ranking for each failure mode of the cutter can be determined, thereby identifying areas that require reliability improvement. The analysis outcomes demonstrate that this method establishes a theoretical foundation for subsequent cutter improvement designs, enables early identification of potential failures, and consequently leads to a reduced failure rate and an enhanced reliability level for the intelligent profiling progressive automatic cutter. Furthermore, this innovative agricultural equipment reliability analysis and testing approach holds significant value in elevating the reliability standards of agricultural equipment as a whole and can be explored and implemented in other agricultural machinery contexts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0472
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agriculture13081475
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651678-0
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    Wissenschaftspark Albert Einstein
    EUV Frankfurt
    TH Wildau
    FH Potsdam
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Atmospheric Correction Model for Water–Land Boundary Adjacency Effects in Landsat-8 Multispectral Images and Its Impact on Bathymetric Remote Sensing
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 14, No. 19 ( 2022-09-23), p. 4769-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 19 ( 2022-09-23), p. 4769-
    Abstract: Atmospheric correction (AC) is the basis for quantitative water remote sensing, and adjacency effects form an important part of AC for medium- and high-spatial-resolution optical satellite images. The 6S radiative transfer model is widely used, but its background reflectance function does not take the radiance changes at water–land boundaries into account. If the observed land possesses bright features, the radiance of the adjacent water will be affected, leading to deviations in the AC results and increasing the uncertainty of water depth-based optical quantitative remote sensing. In this paper, we propose a model named WL-AE (a correction model for water–land boundary adjacency effects), which is based on the obvious radiance differences at water–land boundaries. This model overcomes the problem by which the background reflectance calculation is not terminated due to the highlighting pixel. We consider the influences of different Rns (neighborhood space) on the target pixel. The effective calculation of the equivalent background reflectance of the target pixel is realized, and the influence of the land area anomaly highlighting the pixel on the adjacent water is avoided. The results show that WL-AE can effectively improve the entropy and contrast of the input image and that the water–land boundary is greatly affected by adjacency effects, especially in the green and near-infrared bands, where the Mrc (mean rate of change) are as high as 14.2% and 20.1%, respectively. In the visible wavelength, the Sd of Rrc (the relative rate of change) is positively correlated with Rns, and the Sd reaches 16.9%. Although the adjacency effect is affected by ground object types, its influence area remains within 3 km offshore. Based on the WL-AE and 6S results, the comparative test regarding bathymetric inversion shows that the influence is significant in the 0–5 m depth section. In Penang, the MRE of the 0–4 m inversion results is 31.4%, which is 10.5% lower than that of the 6S model.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs14194769
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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    BTU Cottbus
    Wissenschaftspark Albert Einstein
    EUV Frankfurt
    TH Wildau
    FH Potsdam
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impact Ionization Coefficient Prediction of a Lateral Power Device Using Deep Neural Network
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2023-02-23), p. 522-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2023-02-23), p. 522-
    Abstract: Nowadays, the impact ionization coefficient in the avalanche breakdown theory is obtained using 1-D PN junctions or SBDs, and is considered to be a constant determined by the material itself only. In this paper, the impact ionization coefficient of silicon in a 2D lateral power device is found to be no longer a constant, but instead a function of the 2D coupling effects. The impact ionization coefficient of silicon that considers the 2D depletion effects in real-world devices is proposed and extracted in this paper. The extracted impact ionization coefficient indicates that the conventional empirical impact ionization in the Fulop equation is not suitable for the analysis of 2D lateral power devices. The veracity of the proposed impact ionization coefficient is validated by the simulations obtained from TCAD tools. Considering the complexity of direct modeling, a new prediction method using deep neural networks is proposed. The prediction method demonstrates 97.67% accuracy for breakdown location prediction and less than 6% average error for the impact ionization coefficient prediction compared with the TCAD simulation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi14030522
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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    BTU Cottbus
    Wissenschaftspark Albert Einstein
    EUV Frankfurt
    TH Wildau
    FH Potsdam
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berberine and Cisplatin Exhibit Synergistic Anticancer Effects on Osteosarcoma MG-63 Cells by Inhibiting the MAPK Pathway
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Molecules Vol. 26, No. 6 ( 2021-03-17), p. 1666-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 26, No. 6 ( 2021-03-17), p. 1666-
    Abstract: Berberine (BBR) has been reported to have potent anticancer activity and can increase the anticancer effects of chemotherapy drugs. The present study aims to investigate whether BBR and cisplatin (DDP) exert synergistic effects on the osteosarcoma (OS) MG-63 cell line. In the present study, MG-63 cells were treated with BBR and DDP alone or in combination. The effects of these therapeutics on cell viability, colony formation, migration, invasion, nuclear morphology, apoptosis, and the cell cycle, as well as their role in regulating the expression of proteins related to apoptosis, the cell cycle, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, were determined. The results demonstrated that BBR or DDP significantly inhibited the proliferation of MG-63 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The combination treatment of BBR and DDP exerted a prominent inhibitory effect on proliferation and colony formation. Furthermore, the results showed that the combination treatment of BBR and DDP enhanced the inhibition of cell migration and invasion and reversed the changes in nuclear morphology. The results showed that the combination treatment of BBR and DDP induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. Mechanistically, the combination treatment of BBR and DDP inhibited the expression of MMP-2/9, Bcl-2, CyclinD1, and CDK4, enhanced the expression of Bax and regulated the activity of the MAPK pathway. Collectively, our data suggest that the combination therapy of BBR and DDP markedly enhanced OS cell death.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061666
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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    Wissenschaftspark Albert Einstein
    EUV Frankfurt
    TH Wildau
    FH Potsdam
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Novel Proteogenomic Integration Strategy Expands the Breadth of Neo-Epitope Sources
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cancers Vol. 14, No. 12 ( 2022-06-19), p. 3016-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 12 ( 2022-06-19), p. 3016-
    Abstract: Tumor-specific antigens can activate T cell-based antitumor immune responses and are ideal targets for cancer immunotherapy. However, their identification is still challenging. Although mass spectrometry can directly identify human leukocyte antigen (HLA) binding peptides in tumor cells, it focuses on tumor-specific antigens derived from annotated protein-coding regions constituting only 1.5% of the genome. We developed a novel proteogenomic integration strategy to expand the breadth of tumor-specific epitopes derived from all genomic regions. Using the colorectal cancer cell line HCT116 as a model, we accurately identified 10,737 HLA-presented peptides, 1293 of which were non-canonical peptides that traditional database searches could not identify. Moreover, we found eight tumor neo-epitopes derived from somatic mutations, four of which were not previously reported. Our findings suggest that this new proteogenomic approach holds great promise for increasing the number of tumor-specific antigen candidates, potentially enlarging the tumor target pool and improving cancer immunotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers14123016
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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    BTU Cottbus
    Wissenschaftspark Albert Einstein
    EUV Frankfurt
    TH Wildau
    FH Potsdam
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Extraction Method of Offshore Mariculture Area under Weak Signal based on Multisource Feature Fusion
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Vol. 8, No. 2 ( 2020-02-06), p. 99-
    Details
    In: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 2 ( 2020-02-06), p. 99-
    Abstract: Mariculture is crucial in environmental monitoring and safety assurance of marine environments. Certain mariculture areas are often partially or completely submerged in water, which causes the target signal to be extremely weak and difficult to detect. A method of target recognition and classification based on the convolutional neural network called semantic segmentation can fully consider the space spectrum and context semantic information. Therefore, this study proposes a target extraction method on the basis of multisource feature fusion, such as nNDWI and G/R ratio. In this work, the proposed recognition algorithm is verified under the conditions of uniform distribution of strong, weak, and extremely weak signals. Results show that the G/R feature is superior under the condition of uniform distribution of strong and weak signals. Its mean pixels accuracy is 2.32% higher than RGB (combination of red band, green band, and blue band), and its overall classification accuracy is 98.84%. Under the condition of extremely weak signal, the MPA of the multisource feature method based on the combination of G/R and nNDWI is 10.76% higher than RGB, and the overall classification accuracy is 82.02%. Under this condition, the G/R features highlight the target, and nNDWI suppresses noise. The proposed method can effectively extract the information of weak signal in the marine culture area and provide technical support for marine environmental monitoring and marine safety assurance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-1312
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jmse8020099
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2738390-8
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    Wissenschaftspark Albert Einstein
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    TH Wildau
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