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  • MDPI AG  (60)
  • 1
    In: Marine Drugs, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 4 ( 2017-04-11), p. 116-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-3397
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175190-0
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 2
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 16 ( 2023-08-09), p. 2871-
    Abstract: Constructed wetlands (CWs) widely applied for wastewater treatment release significant greenhouse gases (GHGs), contributing to global warming. It is essential to characterize the comprehensive source-sink effects and affecting factors of GHGs in CWs, offering references and guidance for designing and operating CWs to better control GHG emissions. However, current reviews focus on individual GHG emission mechanisms. With the aid of the Web of Science Core Collection database, the relevant literature on carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in CWs after 2010 was collected and organized. As highlighted in the review, CWs can produce and transmit these GHGs into the atmosphere, forming sources of GHGs and sequestration CO2 through plants photosynthesis, forming sinks of GHGs. Their overall performance depends on many factors. Hybrid CWs, Cyperus papyrus, Cyperus alternifolius, and Iris pseudacorus, adsorption substrates like Fe-C, low temperatures, and a C/N ratio of five are beneficial for GHG mitigation in CWs. Future studies should focus on in-depth research into the mechanisms and overall source-sink benefits of plants and microorganisms in relation to GHGs. This review provided a comprehensive understanding of the emission mechanisms and affecting factors of the major GHGs in CWs, bridging the research gap in this field, helping researchers to clarify the context, and providing valuable in-sights for further scientific investigations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 3
    In: Microorganisms, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 5 ( 2020-04-27), p. 632-
    Abstract: The biodiversity of fungi, which are extremely important in maintaining the ecosystem balance in alpine lakeside wetlands, has not been fully studied. In this study, we investigated the fungal communities of three lakeside wetlands from different altitudes in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and its edge. The results showed that the fungi of the alpine lakeside wetland had higher species diversity. Functional annotation of fungi by FUNGild software showed that saprophytic fungi were the most abundant type in all three wetlands. Further analysis of the microbial phylogenetic molecular ecological network (pMEN) showed that saprophytic fungi are important species in the three wetland fungal networks, while symbiotic fungi and pathotrophic fungi have different roles in the fungal networks in different wetlands. Community diversity was high in all three lakeside wetlands, but there were significant differences in the composition, function and network structure of the fungal communities. Contemporary environmental conditions (soil properties) and historical contingencies (geographic sampling location) jointly determine fungi community diversity in this study. These results expand our knowledge of fungal biodiversity in the alpine lakeside wetlands.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2607
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720891-6
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  • 4
    In: Microorganisms, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2021-03-09), p. 560-
    Abstract: The properties of rocks can be greatly affected by seepage hydrocarbons in petroleum-related mud volcanoes. Among them, the color of sedimentary rocks can reflect the changes of sedimentary environment and weathering history. However, little is known about the microbial communities and their biogeochemical significance in these environments. In this study, contrasting rock samples were collected from the Aiqigou mud volcano on the southern margin of the Junggar Basin in Northwest China as guided by rock colors indicative of redox conditions. The physicochemical properties and mineral composition are similar under the same redox conditions. For example, the content of chlorite, muscovite, quartz, and total carbon were higher, and the total iron was lower under reduced conditions compared with oxidized environments. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons revealed that different functional microorganisms may exist under different redox conditions; microbes in oxidized conditions have higher diversity. Statistical analysis and incubation experiments indicated that the microbial community structure is closely related to the content of iron which may be an important factor for color stratification of continental sedimentary rocks in the Aiqigou mud volcano. The interactions between organics and iron-bearing minerals mediated by microorganisms have also been hypothesized.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2607
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720891-6
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  • 5
    In: Metabolites, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-12-21), p. 14-
    Abstract: High-intensity interval training (HIIT), a new type of exercise, can effectively prevent the progression of metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of HIIT on liver inflammation and metabolic disorders in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) combined with streptozotocin (STZ) and to explore the possible mechanisms of macrophage polarization and mitochondrial dynamics. Our results showed that HIIT can increase fatty acid oxidation-related gene (PPARα, CPT1α, and ACOX1) mRNA levels and decrease adipogenesis-related gene (PPARγ) mRNA levels to improve liver metabolism in T2DM mice. The improvement of lipid metabolism disorder may occur through increasing liver mitochondrial biosynthesis-related genes (PGC-1α and TFAM) and restoring mitochondrial dynamics-related gene (MFN2 and DRP1) mRNA levels. HIIT can also reduce the mRNA levels of liver inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1) in T2DM mice. The reduction in liver inflammation may occur through reducing the expression of total macrophage marker (F4/80) and M1 macrophage marker (CD86) mRNA and protein and increasing the expression of M2 macrophage marker (CD163, CD206, and Arg1) mRNA and protein in the liver. HIIT can also increase the expression of insulin signaling pathway (IRS1, PI3K, and AKT) mRNA and protein in the liver of T2DM mice, which may be related to the improvements in liver inflammation and lipid metabolism. In conclusion, these results suggested that 8 weeks of HIIT can improve inflammation and lipid metabolism disorders in the liver of type 2 diabetes mellitus mice, macrophage M1/M2 polarization, and mitochondrial dynamics may be involved in this process.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-1989
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662251-8
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  • 6
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2023-03-07), p. 786-
    Abstract: Acoustic emission (AE) technology has the advantage of online localization to study the change laws of AE in the process of coal spontaneous combustion and to reveal the generation mechanisms of AE signal during the process of heating and rupture of coal body from a microscopic perspective. This paper first constructs a large-scale coal spontaneous combustion AE test system and conducts experimental tests on the AE signal in the process of coal spontaneous combustion. The results show that with the increase of temperature in the process of coal spontaneous combustion, the AE signal shows a trend of increasing fluctuations. Low-temperature nitrogen adsorption experiments studied the pore structure of coal spontaneous combustion, and the results showed a correspondence between the development of pores and the temperature of coal spontaneous combustion. Further, through the analysis of the evolution of the pore structure of coal through Fourier transform and fractal theory, it is found that the high-frequency main frequency AE signal and average frequency are continuously enhanced with the increase of temperature. The fractal dimension of the pore structure and the fractal dimension of the AE count of the coal body first rise and then decline. The mechanism of coal spontaneous combustion AE of coal is revealed, and the pore development caused by thermal stress when coal heats up is the main source of AE signal generation. The research in this paper is of great significance for applying AE technology to detect the position of coal spontaneous combustion.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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  • 7
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 28, No. 5 ( 2023-03-06), p. 2415-
    Abstract: Furosemide is a widely used loop diuretic in the treatment of congestive heart failure and edema. During the preparation of furosemide, a new process-related impurity G in the levels ranging from 0.08% to 0.13% was detected in pilot batches by a new high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The new impurity was isolated and characterized by comprehensive analysis of FT-IR, Q-TOF/LC-MS, 1D-NMR (1H, 13C, and DEPT), and 2D-NMR (1H-1H-COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) spectroscopy data. The possible formation pathway of impurity G was also discussed in detail. Moreover, a novel HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of impurity G and the other six known impurities registered in the European Pharmacopoeia as per ICH guidelines. The HPLC method was validated with respect to system suitability, linearity, the limit of quantitation, the limit of detection, precision, accuracy, and robustness. The characterization of impurity G and the validation of its quantitative HPLC method were reported for the first time in this paper. Finally, the toxicological properties of impurity G were predicted by the in silico webserver ProTox-II.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 8
    In: Buildings, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2023-04-18), p. 1065-
    Abstract: Quarantine is one of the effective approaches to control the spread of COVID-19. However, prolonged isolation may harm the health of residents, especially students, who are quarantined in dormitories. This study surveyed students’ behaviors, living environment, and psychological state through an online questionnaire. The results showed that during the isolation period, the participants’ discomfort mainly came from high temperatures, high humidity, loud sounds, and dark lighting. Moreover, about half of the students experienced severe anxiety or depression, with poor sleep and an unclear mind being the most common problems. Additionally, this study focused on exploring the correlations between environmental perceptions and the psychological state of isolated students, that were identified to be significant. Furthermore, as isolation time was prolonged, the psychological state of isolated students worsened, and the most significant factor changed from thermal sensations to acoustic sensations. Interestingly, the psychological state of males was worse than females, and they were more easily affected by their thermal and acoustic environments. Therefore, keeping the environment comfortable has a positive influence on maintaining the good psychological condition of people in isolation. This study can provide suggestions for the improvement of indoor environments and for the mental health of people in isolation and in other similar situations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-5309
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661539-3
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  • 9
    In: Minerals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2022-01-28), p. 161-
    Abstract: As a dominant water carrier, hydrous silicate minerals and rocks are widespread throughout the representative regions of the mid-lower crust, upper mantle, and subduction zone of the deep Earth interior. Owing to the high sensitivity of electrical conductivity on the variation of water content, high-pressure laboratory-based electrical characterizations for hydrous silicate minerals and rocks have been paid more attention to by many researchers. With the improvement and development of experimental technique and measurement method for electrical conductivity, there are many related results to be reported on the electrical conductivity of hydrous silicate minerals and rocks at high-temperature and high-pressure conditions in the last several years. In this review paper, we concentrated on some recently reported electrical conductivity results for four typical hydrous silicate minerals (e.g., hydrous Ti-bearing olivine, epidote, amphibole, and kaolinite) investigated by the multi-anvil press and diamond anvil cell under conditions of high temperatures and pressures. Particularly, four potential influence factors including titanium-bearing content, dehydration effect, oxidation−dehydrogenation effect, and structural phase transition on the high-pressure electrical conductivity of these hydrous silicate minerals are deeply explored. Finally, some comprehensive remarks on the possible future research aspects are discussed in detail.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-163X
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655947-X
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Drones Vol. 7, No. 4 ( 2023-03-27), p. 232-
    In: Drones, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 4 ( 2023-03-27), p. 232-
    Abstract: The penetration of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is an essential and important link in modern warfare. Enhancing UAV’s ability of autonomous penetration through machine learning has become a research hotspot. However, the current generation of autonomous penetration strategies for UAVs faces the problem of excessive sample demand. To reduce the sample demand, this paper proposes a combination policy learning (CPL) algorithm that combines distributed reinforcement learning and demonstrations. Innovatively, the action of the CPL algorithm is jointly determined by the initial policy obtained from demonstrations and the target policy in the asynchronous advantage actor-critic network, thus retaining the guiding role of demonstrations in the initial training. In a complex and unknown dynamic environment, 1000 training experiments and 500 test experiments were conducted for the CPL algorithm and related baseline algorithms. The results show that the CPL algorithm has the smallest sample demand, the highest convergence efficiency, and the highest success rate of penetration among all the algorithms, and has strong robustness in dynamic environments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2504-446X
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2934569-8
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