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  • Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)  (59)
  • 1
    In: Circulation, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 130, No. 23 ( 2014-12-02), p. 2021-2030
    Abstract: The Fontan procedure has improved survival in children with functionally univentricular hearts. With time, however, complications such as reduced exercise capacity are seen more frequently. Exercise intolerance is multifactorial, but pulmonary vascular resistance probably plays a crucial role. Elevated pulmonary vascular resistance has been associated with raised levels of endothelin-1, which are common both before and after Fontan operations. Treatment with endothelin-1 receptor antagonists could theoretically improve cardiopulmonary hemodynamics and exercise capacity. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the efficacy and safety of bosentan in Fontan patients. Methods and Results— Seventy-five adolescents and adults were randomized 1:1 to 14 weeks of treatment with bosentan or placebo. Cardiopulmonary exercise test, functional class, blood samples, and quality-of-life questionnaires were evaluated at baseline and at the end of treatment. Sixty-nine patients (92%) completed the study. Peak oxygen consumption increased 2.0 mL·kg −1 ·min −1 (from 28.7 to 30.7 mL·kg −1 ·min −1 ) in the bosentan group compared with 0.6 mL·kg −1 ·min −1 (from 28.4 to 29.0 mL·kg −1 ·min −1 ) in the placebo group ( P =0.02). Cardiopulmonary exercise test time increased by 0.48 minute (from 6.79 to 7.27 minutes) versus 0.08 minute (from 6.94 to 7.02 minutes; P =0.04). Nine bosentan-treated patients improved 1 functional class, whereas none improved in the placebo group ( P =0.0085). Side effects were mild and occurred equally in both groups. No serious adverse effects were seen, and no patients had liver enzyme levels above the 3-fold upper limit. Conclusions— Bosentan improves exercise capacity, exercise time, and functional class in Fontan patients without serious adverse events or hepatotoxicity. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01292551.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-7322 , 1524-4539
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1466401-X
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  • 2
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    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2015
    In:  Medicine Vol. 94, No. 4 ( 2015-01), p. e440-
    In: Medicine, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 94, No. 4 ( 2015-01), p. e440-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0025-7974
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2049818-4
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  • 3
    In: Circulation, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 139, No. 24 ( 2019-06-11), p. 2714-2723
    Abstract: The NOTION trial (Nordic Aortic Valve Intervention) was designed to compare transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in patients ≥70 years old with isolated severe aortic valve stenosis. Clinical and echocardiographic outcomes are presented after 5 years. Methods: Patients were enrolled at 3 Nordic centers and randomized 1:1 to TAVR using the self-expanding CoreValve prosthesis (n=145) or SAVR using any stented bioprostheses (n=135). The primary composite outcome was the rate of all-cause mortality, stroke, or myocardial infarction at 1 year defined according to Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 criteria. Results: Baseline characteristics were similar. The mean age was 79.1±4.8 years and mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality score was 3.0%±1.7%. After 5 years, there were no differences between TAVR and SAVR in the composite outcome (Kaplan-Meier estimates 38.0% versus 36.3%, log-rank test P =0.86) or any of its components. TAVR patients had larger prosthetic valve area (1.7 cm 2 versus 1.2 cm 2 , P 〈 0.001) with a lower mean transprosthetic gradient (8.2 mm Hg versus 13.7 mm Hg, P 〈 0.001), both unchanged over time. More TAVR patients had moderate/severe total aortic regurgitation (8.2% versus 0.0%, P 〈 0.001) and a new pacemaker (43.7% versus 8.7%, P 〈 0.001). Four patients had prosthetic reintervention and no difference was found for functional outcomes. Conclusions: These are currently the longest follow-up data comparing TAVR and SAVR in lower risk patients, demonstrating no statistical difference for major clinical outcomes 5 years after TAVR with a self-expanding prosthesis compared to SAVR. Higher rates of prosthetic regurgitation and pacemaker implantation were seen after TAVR. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01057173.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-7322 , 1524-4539
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1466401-X
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  • 4
    In: Circulation, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 113, No. 16 ( 2006-04-25), p. 1983-1992
    Abstract: Background— Phase 1 clinical trials of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment after myocardial infarction have indicated that G-CSF treatment is safe and may improve left ventricular function. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial aimed to assess the efficacy of subcutaneous G-CSF injections on left ventricular function in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Methods and Results— Seventy-eight patients (62 men; average age, 56 years) with ST-elevation myocardial infarction were included after successful primary percutaneous coronary stent intervention 〈 12 hours after symptom onset. Patients were randomized to double-blind treatment with G-CSF (10 μg/kg of body weight) or placebo for 6 days. The primary end point was change in systolic wall thickening from baseline to 6 months determined by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An independent core laboratory analyzed all MRI examinations. Systolic wall thickening improved 17% in the infarct area in the G-CSF group and 17% in the placebo group ( P =1.0). Comparable results were found in infarct border and noninfarcted myocardium. Left ventricular ejection fraction improved similarly in the 2 groups measured by both MRI (8.5 versus 8.0; P =0.9) and echocardiography (5.7 versus 3.7; P =0.7). The risk of severe clinical adverse events was not increased by G-CSF. In addition, in-stent late lumen loss and target vessel revascularization rate in the follow-up period were similar in the 2 groups. Conclusions— Bone marrow stem cell mobilization with subcutaneous G-CSF is safe but did not lead to further improvement in ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction compared with the recovery observed in the placebo group.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-7322 , 1524-4539
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1466401-X
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  • 5
    In: Journal of the American Heart Association, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 10, No. 22 ( 2021-11-16)
    Abstract: Patients with tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) are considered at high risk of infective endocarditis (IE) as a result of altered hemodynamics and multiple invasive procedures, including pulmonary valve replacement (PVR). Data on the long‐term risk of IE are sparse. Methods and Results In this observational cohort study, all patients with ToF born from 1977 to 2018 were identified using Danish nationwide registries and followed from date of birth until occurrence of first‐time IE, emigration, death, or end of study (December 31, 2018). The comparative risk of IE among patients with ToF versus age‐ and sex‐matched controls from the background population was assessed. Because of rules on anonymity, exact numbers cannot be reported if the number of patients is 〈 4. A total of 1164 patients with ToF were identified and matched with 4656 controls. Among patients with ToF, 851 (73.1%) underwent early surgical intracardiac repair and 276 (23.7%) underwent PVR during follow‐up. During a median follow‐up of 20.3 years, 41 (3.5%) patients with ToF (comprising 24 [8.7%] with PVR and 17 [1.9%] without PVR) and 〈 4 ( 〈 0.8%) controls were admitted with IE. The incidence rates of IE per 10 000 person‐years were 22.4 (95% CI, 16.5–30.4) and 0.1 (95% CI, 0.01–0.7) among patients and controls, respectively. Moreover, PVR was associated with a further increased incidence of IE among patients with ToF (incidence rates per 10 000 person‐years with and without PVR were 46.7 [95% CI, 25.1–86.6] and 2.8 [95% CI 2.0–4.0] , respectively). Conclusions Patients with ToF are associated with a substantially higher incidence of IE than the background population. In particular, PVR was associated with an increased incidence of IE. With an increasing life expectancy of these patients, intensified awareness, preventive measures, and surveillance of this patient group are decisive.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2047-9980
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2653953-6
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  • 6
    In: Journal of the American Heart Association, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 6, No. 3 ( 2017-03)
    Abstract: High levels of ketone bodies are associated with improved survival as observed with regular exercise, caloric restriction, and—most recently—treatment with sodium–glucose linked transporter 2 inhibitor antidiabetic drugs. In heart failure, indices of ketone body metabolism are upregulated, which may improve energy efficiency and increase blood flow in skeletal muscle and the kidneys. Nevertheless, it is uncertain how ketone bodies affect myocardial glucose uptake and blood flow in humans. Our study was therefore designed to test whether ketone body administration in humans reduces myocardial glucose uptake ( MGU ) and increases myocardial blood flow. Methods and Results Eight healthy subjects, median aged 60 were randomly studied twice: (1) During 390 minutes infusion of Na‐3‐hydroxybutyrate ( KETONE ) or (2) during 390 minutes infusion of saline ( SALINE ), together with a concomitant low‐dose hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp to inhibit endogenous ketogenesis. Myocardial blood flow was measured by 15 O‐H 2 O positron emission tomography/computed tomography, myocardial fatty acid metabolism by 11 C‐palmitate positron emission tomography/computed tomography and MGU by 18 F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Similar euglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and suppressed free fatty acids levels were recorded on both study days; Na‐3‐hydroxybutyrate infusion increased circulating Na‐3‐hydroxybutyrate levels from zero to 3.8±0.5 mmol/L. MGU was halved by hyperketonemia ( MGU [nmol/g per minute]: 304±97 [ SALINE ] versus 156±62 [ KETONE ], P 〈 0.01), whereas no effects were observed on palmitate uptake oxidation or esterification. Hyperketonemia increased heart rate by ≈25% and myocardial blood flow by 75%. Conclusions Ketone bodies displace MGU and increase myocardial blood flow in healthy humans; these novel observations suggest that ketone bodies are important cardiac fuels and vasodilators, which may have therapeutic potentials.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2047-9980
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2653953-6
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  • 7
    In: Stroke, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 49, No. Suppl_1 ( 2018-01-22)
    Abstract: Background: The Gore REDUCE Clinical Study (REDUCE) demonstrated superiority of PFO closure in conjunction with antiplatelet therapy over antiplatelet therapy alone in reducing the risk of recurrent clinical ischemic stroke or new silent brain infarct in patients with cryptogenic stroke. Methods: We randomized 664 subjects with cryptogenic stroke at 63 multinational sites in a 2:1 ratio to either antiplatelet therapy plus PFO closure (with Gore HELEX Septal Occluder or Gore CARDIOFORM Septal Occluder) or antiplatelet therapy alone. Co-primary endpoints were freedom from recurrent clinical ischemic stroke through ≥2 years and incidence of new brain infarct (defined as the composite of clinical ischemic stroke and silent brain infarct) at 2 years. Primary analyses were performed on the intention-to-treat (ITT) population. Per-protocol (PP) analysis included only subjects randomized and treated according to critical protocol requirements (excluding those who violated key eligibility criteria, did not receive the therapy to which they were randomized, or did not comply with protocol-required medical regimen). As-treated (AT) analysis assessed all subjects based on treatment received, regardless of study assignment. Results: PFO closure was associated with a highly consistent reduction in risk compared to medical therapy alone in all three analytic cohorts (Table). Conclusions: Among selected patients with cryptogenic stroke and PFO, closure of the PFO plus antiplatelet therapy was superior to antiplatelet therapy alone for reducing the risk of subsequent ischemic stroke.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0039-2499 , 1524-4628
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467823-8
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  • 8
    In: Circulation, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 142, No. 25 ( 2020-12-22), p. 2431-2442
    Abstract: Few randomized trials have compared bioprostheses for transcatheter aortic valve replacement, and no trials have compared bioprostheses with supra-annular design. The SCOPE 2 trial (Safety and Efficacy Comparison of Two TAVI Systems in a Prospective Randomized Evaluation 2) was designed to compare the clinical outcomes of the ACURATE neo and CoreValve Evolut bioprostheses for transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Methods: SCOPE 2 was a randomized trial performed at 23 centers in 6 countries between April 2017 and April 2019. Patients ≥75 years old with an indication for transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement as agreed by the heart team were randomly assigned to receive treatment with either the ACURATE neo (n=398) or the CoreValve Evolut bioprostheses (n=398). The primary end point, powered for noninferiority of the ACURATE neo bioprosthesis, was all-cause death or stroke at 1 year. The key secondary end point, powered for superiority of the ACURATE neo bioprosthesis, was new permanent pacemaker implantation at 30 days. Results: Among 796 randomized patients (mean age, 83.2±4.3 years; mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality score, 4.6±2.9%), clinical follow-up information was available for 778 (98%) patients. Within 1 year, the primary end point occurred in 15.8% of patients in the ACURATE neo group and in 13.9% of patients in the CoreValve Evolut group (absolute risk difference, 1.8%, upper 1-sided 95% confidence limit, 6.1%; P =0.0549 for noninferiority). The 30-day rates of new permanent pacemaker implantation were 10.5% in the ACURATE neo group and 18.0% in the CoreValve Evolut group (absolute risk difference, –7.5% [95% CI, –12.4 to –2.60]; P =0.0027). No significant differences were observed in the components of the primary end point. Cardiac death at 30 days (2.8% versus 0.8%; P =0.03) and 1 year (8.4% versus 3.9%; P =0.01), and moderate or severe aortic regurgitation at 30 days (10% versus 3%; P =0.002) were significantly increased in the ACURATE neo group. Conclusions: Transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement with the self-expanding ACURATE neo did not meet noninferiority compared with the self-expanding CoreValve Evolut in terms of all-cause death or stroke at 1 year, and it was associated with a lower incidence of new permanent pacemaker implantation. In secondary analyses, the ACURATE neo was associated with more moderate or severe aortic regurgitation at 30 days and cardiac death at 30 days and 1 year. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT03192813.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-7322 , 1524-4539
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1466401-X
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  • 9
    In: Circulation, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 140, No. 16 ( 2019-10-15), p. 1296-1305
    Abstract: For patients with severe aortic stenosis and coronary artery disease, the completely percutaneous approach to aortic valve replacement and revascularization has not been compared with the standard surgical approach. Methods: The prospective SURTAVI trial (Safety and Efficiency Study of the Medtronic CoreValve System in the Treatment of Severe, Symptomatic Aortic Stenosis in Intermediate Risk Subjects Who Need Aortic Valve Replacement) enrolled intermediate-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis from 87 centers in the United States, Canada, and Europe between June 2012 and June 2016. Complex coronary artery disease with SYNTAX score (Synergy Between PCI with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery Trial) 〉 22 was an exclusion criterion. Patients were stratified according to the need for revascularization and then randomly assigned to treatment with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) or surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). Patients assigned to revascularization in the TAVR group underwent percutaneous coronary intervention, whereas those in the SAVR group had coronary artery bypass grafting. The primary end point was the rate of all-cause mortality or disabling stroke at 2 years. Results: Of 1660 subjects with attempted aortic valve implants, 332 (20%) were assigned to revascularization. They had a higher Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk score for mortality (4.8±1.7% versus 4.4±1.5%; P 〈 0.01) and were more likely to be male (65.1% versus 54.2%; P 〈 0.01) than the 1328 patients not assigned to revascularization. After randomization to treatment, there were 169 patients undergoing TAVR and percutaneous coronary intervention, 163 patients undergoing SAVR and coronary artery bypass grafting, 695 patients undergoing TAVR, and 633 patients undergoing SAVR. No significant difference in the rate of the primary end point was found between TAVR and percutaneous coronary intervention and SAVR and coronary artery bypass grafting (16.0%; 95% CI, 11.1–22.9 versus 14.0%; 95% CI, 9.2–21.1; P =0.62), or between TAVR and SAVR (11.9%; 95% CI, 9.5–14.7 versus 12.3%; 95% CI, 9.8–15.4; P =0.76). Conclusions: For patients at intermediate surgical risk with severe aortic stenosis and noncomplex coronary artery disease (SYNTAX score ≤22), a complete percutaneous approach of TAVR and percutaneous coronary intervention is a reasonable alternative to SAVR and coronary artery bypass grafting. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01586910.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-7322 , 1524-4539
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1466401-X
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  • 10
    In: Circulation, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 116, No. suppl_16 ( 2007-10-16)
    Abstract: Background Despite successful repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), the life expectancy for these patients remains lower than in the general population. This is mainly due to free pulmonary regurgitation (PR). The importance of maintaining a competent valve has been emphasized, but the optimal timing for intervention remains to be established. The purposes of this study were in a pig model to investigate the consequences of the duration of free PR on RV, and the reversibility of these changes after percutaneous pulmonary valve replacement. Methods Thirtysix farm pigs were divided into four groups (A, B, C and D) of nine pigs. At baseline group A, B and C had a percutaneous stent inserted into the pulmonary annulus to create free PR. After 4, 8 and 12 weeks, respectively, group A, B and C underwent percutaneous valve replacement. In order to allow remodelling of RV, the pigs were observed for four weeks after valve insertion before euthanasia. To examine RV function, MRI was performed before stent insertion, before valve replacement, and before euthanasia. Group D served as controls and underwent five MRI examinations: at baseline as well as after four, eight, twelve and sixteen weeks. Results When comparing the group D with group A, B & C, RVEDV and RVESV were found to gradually increase over time. Furthermore, these volumes normalised after valve replacement in group A and B, but remains increased in the group C. Similar, RVEF was normal after valve replacement in group A and B, but impaired in the group the long-term free PR compared to the controls. Conclusion Better timing of valve replacement in patients with free PR after TOF repair is of outermost clinical relevance. This study examined the impact of free PR on RV in a pig model. Despite the relative short duration of the volume overload, the RV underwent irreversible changes. This may be explained by the fact that, in contrast to TOF, the RV is not hypertrophic. The study showed that RV tolerates volume overload from free PR for a certain time, but too late intervention will cause irreversible deterioration of the ventricular function. Thus, the model may serve to identify predictors, e.g. tissue-Doppler measurements or natriuretic peptides, for RV function after valve replacement and thereby optimise timing of intervention.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-7322 , 1524-4539
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1466401-X
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