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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Toxoplasma oocysts in the soil of public places worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Vol. 115, No. 5 ( 2021-05-08), p. 471-481
    Details
    In: Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 115, No. 5 ( 2021-05-08), p. 471-481
    Abstract: Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic and cosmopolitan infection. Although a few studies have evaluated the prevalence of Toxoplasma oocysts in the soil of public places, the present study was conducted to provide insights into environmental contamination levels and its potential transmission to humans on a global scale. A systematic search was conducted using bibliographic databases through 30 August 2020. A random effects model was utilized to estimate pooled prevalence with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analysis and meta-regressions were also performed on the geographical and environmental parameters. Finally, 22 articles, wherein 15 420 soil samples were examined, met the systematic review and meta-analysis requirements. The mean pooled prevalence of Toxoplasma oocysts was estimated at 16% (95% CI 10 to 26) in public places. The estimated prevalences in Europe, South America, Asia and North America were 23% (95% CI 4 to 65), 22% (95% CI 18 to 26), 15% (95% CI 0.06 to 33) and 8% (95% CI 0.00 to 97), respectively. An increasing trend was observed in the prevalence of Toxoplasma oocysts with increasing latitude (41–56°), decreasing longitude (0–40°) and increasing relative humidity (≥76%). Loop-mediated isothermal amplification and polymerase chain reaction methods revealed the highest and lowest prevalence rates, respectively, in the detection of Toxoplasma oocysts. Awareness of the health authorities and people about Toxoplasma prevalence in the soil of public places and its risk factors is of great importance to developing effective strategies to prevent infection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0035-9203 , 1878-3503
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/traa133
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2135136-3
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Can helminth and malaria infections affect sex ratio at birth in sub-Saharan Africa? Ideas and hypothesis
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Vol. 116, No. 12 ( 2022-12-02), p. 1223-1225
    Details
    In: Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 116, No. 12 ( 2022-12-02), p. 1223-1225
    Abstract: The sex ratio (ratio of boys to girls) at birth (SRB) is about 1.05 (about 105 males to 100 females) under normal conditions and could be an indicator for monitoring demographic changes. Generally, in comparison with female fetuses, the male fetus is biologically weaker and more vulnerable to prenatal events. SRB is influenced by various factors, such as maternal malnourishment. Remarkably, maternal malnourishment and less energy intake are pivotal factors for declining SRB in humans. As estimates, the SRB is below the normal range in sub-Saharan Africa (1.03) than the normal range (1.05). On the other hand, both malaria and helminth infections are hyperendemic in sub-Saharan Africa and both diseases are associated with maternal malnourishment. Hence, an important question arises, could declining SRB in sub-Saharan Africa be influenced by malaria and helminth infections? Cumulative evidence suggests that malaria and helminth infections could influence SRB by induction of maternal malnourishment. This hypothesis provides new ideas about the variation of SRB in some regions of the world where helminths and malaria are endemic.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0035-9203 , 1878-3503
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trac077
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2135136-3
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Prevalence of Giardia duodenalis among Asian children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  International Health ( 2023-05-19)
    Details
    In: International Health, Oxford University Press (OUP), ( 2023-05-19)
    Abstract: Giardia duodenalis is one of the major causes of diarrhea among children. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the prevalence of G. duodenalis and associated risk factors among Asian children. We searched online databases (PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) and Google Scholar search engine for studies published from 1 January 2000 to 15 March 2022 that measured the prevalence of G. duodenalis among Asian children. Accordingly, the pooled prevalence and 95% CIs were estimated using a random-effects meta-analysis model for the included studies. A total of 182 articles from 22 Asian countries met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of G. duodenalis infection among Asian children was estimated as 15.1% (95% CI 14.1 to 16%). The highest and lowest pooled prevalence values of G. duodenalis infection were estimated for Tajikistan and China as 26.4% (95% CI 22.9 to 30%) and 0.6% (95% CI 0.001 to 1.02%), respectively. The infection had a higher prevalence in males than in females (OR=1.24; 95% CI 1.16 to 1.31; p & lt;0.001), which was statistically significant. Giardiasis is common among Asian children, hence, a prevention and control scheme of this protozoan in children should be considered by health officials and health policymakers, especially in Asian countries where the prevalence is highest.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1876-3413 , 1876-3405
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihad037
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2514131-4
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Patterns of cutaneous leishmaniasis during the COVID-19 pandemic in four endemic regions of Iran
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Vol. 117, No. 1 ( 2023-01-03), p. 38-44
    Details
    In: Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 117, No. 1 ( 2023-01-03), p. 38-44
    Abstract: Both zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) and anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis are endemic in different regions of Iran. It is important to know the type of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) for prevention strategies. On the other hand, Iran is one of the countries that was severely affected by the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, little is known about the causative agents of CL during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. Methods In this study, a total of 181 samples were isolated from patients with CL lesions in four different endemic cities of Iran (Jahrom, Juyom, Kashan and Shoushtar) during the COVID-19 pandemic (the summer and autumn of 2021). The nested-PCR targeting kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) minicircles was applied for species identification of the parasite and the internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS-1) gene was applied for sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Results Molecular detection of kDNA minicircles revealed that all isolates from the four cities were Leishmania major, indicating the ZCL pattern. Ten isolates were sequenced by the ITS-1 gene and deposited in GenBank [accession numbers: OL627363–72]. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis displayed a high similarity rate of the isolates with sequences from other parts of Iran and Iraq. Over half of the patients (53.59%) had a single lesion, while 17.12, 14.92, 2.21 and 12.16% of cases had two, three, four and more than four lesions, respectively. About half of the patients (50.27%) had lesions on their hands, while the rest had lesions on multiple locations (19.34%), legs (16.58%), face (9.94%), ears (1.66%) and waist (2.21%). Conclusions This study revealed the occurrence of ZCL during the COVID-19 pandemic in four endemic regions of Iran. Strategies for prevention and control of the disease should be considered to mitigate the occurrence of ZCL.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0035-9203 , 1878-3503
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trac081
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2135136-3
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Global prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated risk factors in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Vol. 115, No. 5 ( 2021-05-08), p. 457-470
    Details
    In: Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 115, No. 5 ( 2021-05-08), p. 457-470
    Abstract: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) during pregnancy, if left untreated, can cause adverse effects for the mothers, foetuses and newborns. However, limited information is available about the global status of IPIs in pregnant women. Here we undertook a meta-analysis to estimate the global prevalence of IPIs and associated risk factors in pregnant women. Methods We searched the PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases for relevant studies that were published between 1 January 1987 and 30 December 2019. A random effects meta-analysis model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results A total of 114 studies comprising 98 342 pregnant women across 35 countries were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Among IPIs identified from pregnant women, three helminth infections (hookworm 19% [95% CI 15 to 23], Ascaris lumbricoides 17% [95% CI 13 to 21] and Trichuris trichiura 11% [95% CI 7 to 16]) and three protozoan infections (Blastocystis sp. 21% [95% CI 4 to 46] , Entamoeba histolytica/dispar 9% [95% CI 3 to 19] and Giardia sp. 8% [95% CI 4 to 13] ) were identified as the most prevalent intestinal parasites. Moreover, we found that there was a significant association between IPIs with increased risk of anaemia in pregnant women (OR 2.65 [95% CI 2.08 to 3.37]). The prevalence of IPIs was slightly higher in geophagic pregnant women compared with controls, but this was not significant (OR 1.22 [95% CI 0.87 to 1.71] ). According to species, the pooled OR of A. lumbricoides infection had a significantly higher risk in geophagic pregnant women compared with controls (OR 2.66 [95% CI 1.37 to 5.16]). There was a positive relationship between the high prevalence of IPIs in pregnant women living in rural areas compared with urban residents (OR 3.36 [95% CI 1.57 to 7.19] ). Conclusions The current review revealed a relatively high prevalence of IPIs in pregnant women, especially in some low- and middle-income countries. These results suggest a need for improved prevention and control efforts to reduce the health risks to pregnant women.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0035-9203 , 1878-3503
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/traa101
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2135136-3
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  International Health ( 2023-04-13)
    Details
    In: International Health, Oxford University Press (OUP), ( 2023-04-13)
    Abstract: Patients with diabetes are at an increased risk of intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs). We evaluated the pooled prevalence and OR of IPIs in patients with diabetes through a systematic review and meta-analysis. A systematic search was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol for studies reporting IPIs in patients with diabetes through 1 August 2022. The collected data were analyzed using comprehensive meta-analysis software version 2. Thirteen case-control studies and nine cross-sectional studies were included in this study. The overall prevalence of IPIs in patients with diabetes was calculated to be 24.4% (95% CI 18.8 to 31%). Considering the case-control design, the prevalence of IPIs in case (25.7%; 95% CI 18.4 to 34.5%) was higher than controls (15.5%; 95% CI 8.4 to 26.9%) and a significant correlation was observed (OR, 1.80; 95% CI 1.08 to 2.97%). Moreover, a significant correlation was seen in the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. (OR, 3.30%; 95% CI 1.86 to 5.86%), Blastocystis sp. (OR, 1.57%; 95% CI 1.11 to 2.22%) and hookworm (OR, 6.09%; 95% CI 1.11 to 33.41%) in the cases group. The present results revealed a higher prevalence of IPIs in patients with diabetes than in controls. Therefore, the results of this study suggest a proper health education program to preventing measures for the acquisition of IPIs in patients with diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1876-3413 , 1876-3405
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihad027
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2514131-4
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