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  • Oxford University Press (OUP)  (70)
  • 1
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    Duplicate and Conquer: Multiple Homologs of PHOSPHORUS-STARVATION TOLERANCE1 Enhance Phosphorus Acquisition and Sorghum Performance on Low-Phosphorus Soils      
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2014
    In:  Plant Physiology Vol. 166, No. 2 ( 2014-10-06), p. 659-677
    Details
    In: Plant Physiology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 166, No. 2 ( 2014-10-06), p. 659-677
    Abstract: Low soil phosphorus (P) availability is a major constraint for crop production in tropical regions. The rice (Oryza sativa) protein kinase, PHOSPHORUS-STARVATION TOLERANCE1 (OsPSTOL1), was previously shown to enhance P acquisition and grain yield in rice under P deficiency. We investigated the role of homologs of OsPSTOL1 in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) performance under low P. Association mapping was undertaken in two sorghum association panels phenotyped for P uptake, root system morphology and architecture in hydroponics and grain yield and biomass accumulation under low-P conditions, in Brazil and/or in Mali. Root length and root surface area were positively correlated with grain yield under low P in the soil, emphasizing the importance of P acquisition efficiency in sorghum adaptation to low-P availability. SbPSTOL1 alleles reducing root diameter were associated with enhanced P uptake under low P in hydroponics, whereas Sb03g006765 and Sb03g0031680 alleles increasing root surface area also increased grain yield in a low-P soil. SbPSTOL1 genes colocalized with quantitative trait loci for traits underlying root morphology and dry weight accumulation under low P via linkage mapping. Consistent allelic effects for enhanced sorghum performance under low P between association panels, including enhanced grain yield under low P in the soil in Brazil, point toward a relatively stable role for Sb03g006765 across genetic backgrounds and environmental conditions. This study indicates that multiple SbPSTOL1 genes have a more general role in the root system, not only enhancing root morphology traits but also changing root system architecture, which leads to grain yield gain under low-P availability in the soil.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1532-2548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.243949
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004346-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208914-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
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    Comparative Mapping of a Major Aluminum Tolerance Gene in Sorghum and Other Species in the Poaceae
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2004
    In:  Genetics Vol. 167, No. 4 ( 2004-08-01), p. 1905-1914
    Details
    In: Genetics, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 167, No. 4 ( 2004-08-01), p. 1905-1914
    Abstract: In several crop species within the Triticeae tribe of the grass family Poaceae, single major aluminum (Al) tolerance genes have been identified that effectively mitigate Al toxicity, a major abiotic constraint to crop production on acidic soils. However, the trait is quantitatively inherited in species within other tribes, and the possible ancestral relationships between major Al tolerance genes and QTL in the grasses remain unresolved. To help establish these relationships, we conducted a molecular genetic analysis of Al tolerance in sorghum and integrated our findings with those from previous studies performed in crop species belonging to different grass tribes. A single locus, AltSB, was found to control Al tolerance in two highly Al tolerant sorghum cultivars. Significant macrosynteny between sorghum and the Triticeae was observed for molecular markers closely linked to putatively orthologous Al tolerance loci present in the group 4 chromosomes of wheat, barley, and rye. However, AltSB was not located within the homeologous region of sorghum but rather mapped near the end of sorghum chromosome 3. Thus, AltSB not only is the first major Al tolerance gene mapped in a grass species that does not belong to the Triticeae, but also appears to be different from the major Al tolerance locus in the Triticeae. Intertribe map comparisons suggest that a major Al tolerance QTL on rice chromosome 1 is likely to be orthologous to AltSB, whereas another rice QTL on chromosome 3 is likely to correspond to the Triticeae group 4 Al tolerance locus. Therefore, this study demonstrates a clear evolutionary link between genes and QTL encoding the same trait in distantly related species within a single plant family.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1943-2631
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1534/genetics.103.023580
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477228-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
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    The Physiology and Biophysics of an Aluminum Tolerance Mechanism Based on Root Citrate Exudation in Maize
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2002
    In:  Plant Physiology Vol. 129, No. 3 ( 2002-07-01), p. 1194-1206
    Details
    In: Plant Physiology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 129, No. 3 ( 2002-07-01), p. 1194-1206
    Abstract: Al-induced release of Al-chelating ligands (primarily organic acids) into the rhizosphere from the root apex has been identified as a major Al tolerance mechanism in a number of plant species. In the present study, we conducted physiological investigations to study the spatial and temporal characteristics of Al-activated root organic acid exudation, as well as changes in root organic acid content and Al accumulation, in an Al-tolerant maize (Zea mays) single cross (SLP 181/71 × Cateto Colombia 96/71). These investigations were integrated with biophysical studies using the patch-clamp technique to examine Al-activated anion channel activity in protoplasts isolated from different regions of the maize root. Exposure to Al nearly instantaneously activated a concentration-dependent citrate release, which saturated at rates close to 0.5 nmol citrate h−1 root−1, with the half-maximal rates of citrate release occurring at about 20 μm Al3+ activity. Comparison of citrate exudation rates between decapped and capped roots indicated the root cap does not play a major role in perceiving the Al signal or in the exudation process. Spatial analysis indicated that the predominant citrate exudation is not confined to the root apex, but could be found as far as 5 cm beyond the root cap, involving cortex and stelar cells. Patch clamp recordings obtained in whole-cell and outside-out patches confirmed the presence of an Al-inducible plasma membrane anion channel in protoplasts isolated from stelar or cortical tissues. The unitary conductance of this channel was 23 to 55 pS. Our results suggest that this transporter mediates the Al-induced citrate release observed in the intact tissue. In addition to the rapid Al activation of citrate release, a slower, Al-inducible increase in root citrate content was also observed. These findings led us to speculate that in addition to the Al exclusion mechanism based on root citrate exudation, a second internal Al tolerance mechanism may be operating based on Al-inducible changes in organic acid synthesis and compartmentation. We discuss our findings in terms of recent genetic studies of Al tolerance in maize, which suggest that Al tolerance in maize is a complex trait.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1532-2548 , 0032-0889
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1104/pp.002295
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004346-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208914-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Potassium Transport in Corn Roots : II. The Significance of the Root Periphery
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 1983
    In:  Plant Physiology Vol. 73, No. 2 ( 1983-10-01), p. 208-215
    Details
    In: Plant Physiology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 73, No. 2 ( 1983-10-01), p. 208-215
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0032-0889 , 1532-2548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1104/pp.73.2.208
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 1983
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004346-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208914-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
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    Transport Kinetics and Metabolism of Exogenously Applied Putrescine in Roots of Intact Maize Seedlings
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 1992
    In:  Plant Physiology Vol. 98, No. 2 ( 1992-02-01), p. 611-620
    Details
    In: Plant Physiology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 98, No. 2 ( 1992-02-01), p. 611-620
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0032-0889 , 1532-2548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1104/pp.98.2.611
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 1992
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004346-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208914-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
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    Putrescine-Induced Wounding and Its Effects on Membrane Integrity and Ion Transport Processes in Roots of Intact Corn Seedlings
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 1989
    In:  Plant Physiology Vol. 90, No. 3 ( 1989-07-01), p. 988-995
    Details
    In: Plant Physiology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 90, No. 3 ( 1989-07-01), p. 988-995
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0032-0889 , 1532-2548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1104/pp.90.3.988
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 1989
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004346-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208914-2
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  • 7
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    Aluminum-Resistant Arabidopsis Mutants That Exhibit Altered Patterns of Aluminum Accumulation and Organic Acid Release from Roots1
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 1998
    In:  Plant Physiology Vol. 117, No. 1 ( 1998-05-01), p. 9-17
    Details
    In: Plant Physiology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 117, No. 1 ( 1998-05-01), p. 9-17
    Abstract: Al-resistant (alr) mutants of Arabidopsis thalianawere isolated and characterized to gain a better understanding of the genetic and physiological mechanisms of Al resistance.alr mutants were identified on the basis of enhanced root growth in the presence of levels of Al that strongly inhibited root growth in wild-type seedlings. Genetic analysis of thealr mutants showed that Al resistance was semidominant, and chromosome mapping of the mutants with microsatellite and random amplified polymorphic DNA markers indicated that the mutants mapped to two sites in the Arabidopsis genome: one locus on chromosome 1 (alr-108, alr-128,alr-131, and alr-139) and another on chromosome 4 (alr-104). Al accumulation in roots of mutant seedlings was studied by staining with the fluorescent Al-indicator dye morin and quantified via inductively coupled argon plasma mass spectrometry. It was found that the alrmutants accumulated lower levels of Al in the root tips compared with wild type. The possibility that the mutants released Al-chelating organic acids was examined. The mutants that mapped together on chromosome 1 released greater amounts of citrate or malate (as well as pyruvate) compared with wild type, suggesting that Al exclusion from roots of these alr mutants results from enhanced organic acid exudation. Roots of alr-104, on the other hand, did not exhibit increased release of malate or citrate, but did alkalinize the rhizosphere to a greater extent than wild-type roots. A detailed examination of Al resistance in this mutant is described in an accompanying paper (J. Degenhardt, P.B. Larsen, S.H. Howell, L.V. Kochian [1998] Plant Physiol 117: 19–27).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1532-2548 , 0032-0889
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1104/pp.117.1.9
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 1998
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004346-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208914-2
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  • 8
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    Aluminum Resistance in the Arabidopsis Mutant alr -104 Is Caused by an Aluminum-Induced Increase in Rhizosphere pH1
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 1998
    In:  Plant Physiology Vol. 117, No. 1 ( 1998-05-01), p. 19-27
    Details
    In: Plant Physiology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 117, No. 1 ( 1998-05-01), p. 19-27
    Abstract: A mechanism that confers increased Al resistance in the Arabidopsis thaliana mutantalr-104 was investigated. A modified vibrating microelectrode system was used to measure H+ fluxes generated along the surface of small Arabidopsis roots. In the absence of Al, no differences in root H+ fluxes between wild type and alr-104 were detected. However, Al exposure induced a 2-fold increase in net H+ influx inalr-104 localized to the root tip. The increased flux raised the root surface pH of alr-104 by 0.15 unit. A root growth assay was used to assess the Al resistance ofalr-104 and wild type in a strongly pH-buffered nutrient solution. Increasing the nutrient solution pH from 4.4 to 4.5 significantly increased Al resistance in wild type, which is consistent with the idea that the increased net H+ influx can account for greater Al resistance in alr-104. Differences in Al resistance between wild type and alr-104 disappeared when roots were grown in pH-buffered medium, suggesting that Al resistance in alr-104 is mediated only by pH changes in the rhizosphere. This mutant provides the first evidence, to our knowledge, for an Al-resistance mechanism based on an Al-induced increase in root surface pH.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1532-2548 , 0032-0889
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1104/pp.117.1.19
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 1998
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004346-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208914-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Zinc Efficiency Is Correlated with Enhanced Expression and Activity of Zinc-Requiring Enzymes in Wheat
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2003
    In:  Plant Physiology Vol. 131, No. 2 ( 2003-02-01), p. 595-602
    Details
    In: Plant Physiology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 131, No. 2 ( 2003-02-01), p. 595-602
    Abstract: Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for plants. The ability of plants to maintain significant yields under low Zn is termed Zn efficiency (ZE) and its genetic and mechanistic basis is still not well understood. Previously, we showed that root Zn uptake did not play a role in ZE. In the current study, Zn-efficient and -inefficient wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes were grown for 13 d in chelate buffer nutrient solutions at low (0.1 pm), sufficient (150 pm), and high (1 μm) Zn2+ activities and analyzed for root-to-shoot translocation of Zn, subcellular leaf Zn distribution, and activity and expression of the Zn-requiring enzymes in leaves. No correlation between ZE and Zn translocation to the shoot was found. Furthermore, total and water-soluble concentrations of leaf Zn were not associated with ZE, and no differences in subcellular Zn compartmentation were found between Zn-efficient and -inefficient genotypes. However, the expression and activity of the Zn-requiring enzymes copper (Cu)/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) and carbonic anhydrase did correlate with differences in ZE. Northern analysis suggested that Cu/ZnSOD gene expression was up-regulated in the Zn-efficient genotype, Kirgiz, but not in inefficient BDME. Under Zn deficiency stress, the very Zn-efficient genotype Kirgiz and moderately Zn-efficient Dagdas exhibited an increased activity of Cu/ZnSOD and carbonic anhydrase when compared with Zn-inefficient BDME. These results suggest that Zn-efficient genotypes may be able to maintain the functioning of Zn-requiring enzymes under low Zn conditions; thus, biochemical Zn utilization may be an important component of ZE in wheat.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1532-2548 , 0032-0889
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1104/pp.011825
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004346-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208914-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Differences in Whole-Cell and Single-Channel Ion Currents across the Plasma Membrane of Mesophyll Cells from Two Closely Related Thlaspi Species
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2003
    In:  Plant Physiology Vol. 131, No. 2 ( 2003-02-01), p. 583-594
    Details
    In: Plant Physiology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 131, No. 2 ( 2003-02-01), p. 583-594
    Abstract: The patch clamp technique was used to study the physiology of ion transport in mesophyll cells from two Thlaspispp. that differ significantly in their physiology. In comparison withThlaspi arvense, Thlaspi caerulescens (a heavy metal accumulator) can grow in, tolerate, and accumulate very high levels of certain heavy metals (primarily zinc [Zn] and cadmium) in their leaf cells. The membrane conductance of every T. arvense leaf cell was dominated by a slowly activating, time-dependent outward rectifying current (SKOR). In contrast, only 23% of T. caerulescens cells showed SKOR activity, whereas the remaining 77% exhibit a rapidly developing instantaneous K+ outward rectifier (RKOR) current. In contrast to RKOR, the channels underlying the SKOR current were sensitive to changes in the extracellular ion activity. Single-channel recordings indicated the existence of K+ channel populations with similar unitary conductances, but distinct channel kinetics and regulation. The correlation between these recordings and the whole-cell data indicated that although one type of channel kinetics is preferentially activated in each Thlaspi spp., both species have the capability to switch between either type of current. Ion substitution in whole-cell and single-channel experiments indicated that although the SKOR and RKOR channels mediate a net outward K+ current, they can also allow a significant Zn2+ permeation (i.e. influx). In addition, single-channel recordings allowed us to identify an infrequent type of plasma membrane divalent cation channel that also can mediate Zn2+ influx. We propose that the different K+ channel types or channel states may result from and are likely to reflect differences in the cytoplasmic and apoplastic ionic environment in each species. Thus, the ability to interchangeably switch between different channel states allows each species to constantly adjust to changes in their apoplastic ionic environment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1532-2548 , 0032-0889
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1104/pp.011932
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004346-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208914-2
    SSG: 12
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