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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Criminal Recidivism in Sexual Homicide Perpetrators
    SAGE Publications ; 2008
    In:  International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology Vol. 52, No. 1 ( 2008-02), p. 5-20
    Details
    In: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 52, No. 1 ( 2008-02), p. 5-20
    Abstract: Forensic psychiatric reports on 166 sexual homicide perpetrators in Germany were retrospectively analyzed for criminal risk factors. Follow-up information about release and reconvictions from federal criminal records was available for 139 offenders; 90 (64.7%) had been released. The estimated recidivism rate (Kaplan—Meier analyses) for 20 years at risk was 23.1% for sexual and 18.3% for nonsexual violent reoffences. Three men (3.3%) were reconvicted for attempted or completed homicide. Only young age at the time of sexual homicide resulted in higher sexual recidivism, whereas increased nonsexual violent recidivism was related to previous sexual and nonsexual delinquency, psychopathic symptoms, and higher scores in risk assessment instruments. Increased recidivism with any violent reoffence was associated with age-related factors: young age at first sexual offence, at homicide, and at release and duration of detention. The impacts of the results for risk assessment, relapse prevention, and supervision are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0306-624X , 1552-6933
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0306624X07307450
    RVK:
    PH 178
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2034467-3
    SSG: 2
    SSG: 2,1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Differential Pharmacological Treatment of Paraphilias and Sex Offenders
    SAGE Publications ; 2003
    In:  International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology Vol. 47, No. 4 ( 2003-08), p. 407-421
    Details
    In: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 47, No. 4 ( 2003-08), p. 407-421
    Abstract: This article gives an overview of current pharmacological treatment of paraphilias and sex offenders focusing on the situation in Germany. Information about selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) is followed by data about established antihormonal substances (cyproterone acetate/CPA, and medroxyprogesterone acetate/MPA), as well as a more detailed account on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists (LHRH agonists). The results of open, uncontrolled clinical studies with SSRIs (n = 16) and LHRH agonists (n = 11) in paraphilic outpatients confirm the positive effects of these substances. A survey about the use of CPA and LHRH agonists in forensic hospitals in Germany shows that half of the patients treated with any kind of (anti-) hormonal agents received an LHRH agonist. The authors present a protocol on side effects, contraindications, and monitoring of CPA and LHRH agonists and develop an algorithm for differential pharmacotherapy of paraphilias.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0306-624X , 1552-6933
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0306624X03253847
    RVK:
    PH 178
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2034467-3
    SSG: 2
    SSG: 2,1
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Web-Based Interventions for Individuals who Committed Sexual Offenses Against Children: Development, Evaluation, and Implementation
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Criminal Justice and Behavior Vol. 50, No. 2 ( 2023-02), p. 235-251
    Details
    In: Criminal Justice and Behavior, SAGE Publications, Vol. 50, No. 2 ( 2023-02), p. 235-251
    Abstract: Web-based interventions (WBIs) have become increasingly important in mental health treatment. At the same time, WBIs for individuals who committed sexual offenses against children (ICSOC) are increasingly being developed and implemented. Despite this trend, it is unclear which treatment components make WBIs for ICSOC effective and what needs to be considered for successful implementation. Moreover, only few evaluation studies are available. The goal of this viewpoint paper, that includes a comprehensive literature review, is to provide criteria for the development, evaluation, and implementation of WBIs for ICSOC or for individuals who feel at risk of committing sexual offenses against children. The criteria are drawn from guidelines for WBIs in general psychiatry, in forensic psychiatry, and for ICSOC. For the latter, an overview of current WBIs for ICSOC and for individuals who feel at risk of committing sexual offenses against children will be provided.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0093-8548 , 1552-3594
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/00938548221140351
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1500128-3
    SSG: 2
    SSG: 2,1
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Factors associated with non-use of condoms among heterosexually-active single people in Germany: Results from the first representative, population-based German health and sexuality survey (GeSiD)
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of STD & AIDS Vol. 33, No. 8 ( 2022-07), p. 766-772
    Details
    In: International Journal of STD & AIDS, SAGE Publications, Vol. 33, No. 8 ( 2022-07), p. 766-772
    Abstract: Background: Against the backdrop of rising STI incidence among the heterosexual population, sexually active single people are at particularly high STI transmission risk. Gaining insight into circumstances related to condoms non-use in this population is therefore important for developing effective health interventions. Methods: The nationally-representative survey, GeSiD (German Health and Sexuality Survey) undertaken 2018–2019, interviewed 4,955 people aged 18–75 years. A total of 343 heterosexually-active single participants answered a question about condom use at last sex. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, sexual behaviours and circumstances of last sex were analysed to identify independently associated factors. Results: Condom non-use at last sex was reported more commonly by participants aged 〉 35 years than by younger participants (48.5 vs 33.7%, respectively) and more likely among longer relationships (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.43) or early loving relationships (AOR: 3.59) than in one-night-stands. It was also associated with not discussing using condoms before sex (AOR: 6.50) and with reporting non-use of condoms at sexual debut (AOR: 4.75). Conclusions: Non-use of condoms is a common STI risk behaviour among heterosexually-active single people in Germany and so needs promoting from sexual debut throughout the life course, regardless of relationship type and age, but particularly among middle-aged and older people.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0956-4624 , 1758-1052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/09564624221100309
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2009782-7
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Intimate Partner Violence During COVID-19 Restrictions: A Study of 30 Countries From the I-SHARE Consortium
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Interpersonal Violence Vol. 38, No. 11-12 ( 2023-06), p. 7115-7142
    Details
    In: Journal of Interpersonal Violence, SAGE Publications, Vol. 38, No. 11-12 ( 2023-06), p. 7115-7142
    Abstract: Intimate partner violence (IPV) causes substantial physical and psychological trauma. Restrictions introduced in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including lockdowns and movement restrictions, may exacerbate IPV risk and reduce access to IPV support services. This cross-sectional study examines IPV during COVID-19 restrictions in 30 countries from the International Sexual HeAlth and REproductive Health (I-SHARE) study conducted from July 20th, 2020, to February, 15th, 2021. IPV was a primary outcome measure adapted from a World Health Organization multicountry survey. Mixed-effects modeling was used to determine IPV correlates among participants stratified by cohabitation status. The sample included 23,067 participants from 30 countries. A total of 1,070/15,336 (7.0%) participants stated that they experienced IPV during COVID-19 restrictions. A total of 1,486/15,336 (9.2%) participants stated that they had experienced either physical or sexual partner violence before the restrictions, which then decreased to 1,070 (7.0%) after the restrictions. In general, identifying as a sexual minority and experiencing greater economic vulnerability were associated with higher odds of experiencing IPV during COVID-19 restrictions, which were accentuated among participants who were living with their partners. Greater stringency of COVID-19 restrictions and living in urban or semi-urban areas were associated with lower odds of experiencing IPV in some settings. The I-SHARE data suggest a substantial burden of IPV during COVID-19 restrictions. However, the restrictions were correlated with reduced IPV in some settings. There is a need for investing in specific support systems for survivors of IPV during the implementation of restrictions designed to contain infectious disease outbreaks.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0886-2605 , 1552-6518
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/08862605221141865
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028900-5
    SSG: 2
    SSG: 2,1
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Changes in the Risk of Sexual Reoffending: The Role and Relevance of Perceived Self-Efficacy and Adult Attachment Styles in Correctional Treatment
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  Sexual Abuse Vol. 34, No. 8 ( 2022-12), p. 891-922
    Details
    In: Sexual Abuse, SAGE Publications, Vol. 34, No. 8 ( 2022-12), p. 891-922
    Abstract: According to the Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) model, treatment effectiveness increases when treatment addresses all three associated core principles. While researchers have focused on the risk and need principles, responsivity remains under-investigated. The theoretical foundation of the RNR model and former research indicates low perceived self-efficacy and inadequate adult attachment styles as potential responsivity factors that can impede treatment of the underlying risk factors. This study assesses firstly whether these factors predict treatment attrition, and secondly changes in the assessed risk of sexual reoffending. Participants were N = 146 men sentenced for sexual offenses in a German social-therapeutic correctional facility. Younger age, higher number of previous convictions, and higher scores on the interpersonal facet of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised are associated with a higher risk of treatment attrition. Unemployment prior to incarceration was found to be an aggravating factor, whereas substance abuse emerged as a mitigating factor, according reducing the risk of reoffending. Neither pre-treatment self-efficacy nor attachment styles revealed as responsivity factors in this study. Future studies should examine if the consideration of these factors during treatment might impact treatment outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1079-0632 , 1573-286X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/10790632211054048
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2018683-6
    SSG: 2,1
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    The Utility of Risk Assessment Instruments for the Prediction of Recidivism in Sexual Homicide Perpetrators
    SAGE Publications ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Interpersonal Violence Vol. 27, No. 18 ( 2012-12), p. 3553-3578
    Details
    In: Journal of Interpersonal Violence, SAGE Publications, Vol. 27, No. 18 ( 2012-12), p. 3553-3578
    Abstract: To examine the predictive accuracy of four well established risk assessment instruments (PCL-R, HCR-20, SVR-20, and Static-99) in an important subgroup of sexual offenders, these instruments were assessed retrospectively based on information from forensic psychiatric court reports in a sample of 90 released male sexual homicide offenders (out of an original sample of 166) in Germany. Follow-up information about criminal reconvictions after release were obtained from the federal criminal records. Total scores as well as subscales and single items of these risk assessment instruments did not predict sexual recidivism, and only some of them had moderate predictive power regarding nonsexual violent recidivism. Possible explanations for these unexpected results are the retrospective study design with missing information about influences during the long duration of detention and time after release, the small sample size as well as the possibility that the risk assessment instruments investigated were valid for general sex offender samples, but not for the particular subgroup of offenders with sexually motivated homicides.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0886-2605 , 1552-6518
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0886260512447570
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028900-5
    SSG: 2
    SSG: 2,1
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Sexual Offender Recidivism Among a Population-Based Prison Sample
    SAGE Publications ; 2015
    In:  International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology Vol. 59, No. 4 ( 2015-04), p. 424-444
    Details
    In: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 59, No. 4 ( 2015-04), p. 424-444
    Abstract: The present study examines recidivism rates in sexual offenders using officially registered reconvictions in a representative data set of N = 1,115 male sexual offenders from Austria. In general, results indicate that most sexual offenders do not reoffend sexually after release from prison. More detailed, within the first 5 years after release, the sexual recidivism rate was 6% for the total sample, 4% for the rapist subgroup, and 8% for the child molester subgroup. The findings confirmed previous studies about sex offender recidivism which have shown that first-time sexual offenders are significantly less likely to sexually reoffend than those with previous sexual convictions. With regard to the relationship between age and sexual recidivism, the results challenged the traditional assumption of a clear linear function between age and recidivism. Taken together, compared with previous studies, the recidivism rates found in the present investigation are substantially lower than previous research has indicated.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0306-624X , 1552-6933
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0306624X13516732
    RVK:
    PH 178
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2034467-3
    SSG: 2
    SSG: 2,1
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Why Information Matters: Examining the Consequences of Suggesting That Pedophilia Is Immutable
    SAGE Publications ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology Vol. 62, No. 5 ( 2018-04), p. 1241-1261
    Details
    In: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 62, No. 5 ( 2018-04), p. 1241-1261
    Abstract: In this study, the impact of suggesting that pedophilia is immutable on a man’s specific self-efficacy for modifying his sexual interest in children was examined in 94 men with a sexual interest in children. The participants were selected from differing contexts and included non-forensic patients, forensic patients, and participants from the Internet. Randomly distributed to two conditions, the mutable condition group received the information that experts consider pedophilia to be modifiable, whereas the immutable condition group received the information that experts consider pedophilia to be stable. Afterward, the participants’ levels of specific self-efficacy for modifying their sexual interest in children were assessed. Non-forensic participants in the mutable condition reported higher levels of specific self-efficacy than those in the immutable condition. No differences in specific self-efficacy were revealed for the forensic and Internet participants when comparing the mutable and immutable conditions. It would appear appropriate to avoid generalized and absolute statements about the (im)mutability of sexual interest in children, as scientific research on this topic remains insufficient. Furthermore, given the present results, such statements might have serious consequences for an individual’s belief in being able to change his sexual interest in children.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0306-624X , 1552-6933
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0306624X16676547
    RVK:
    PH 178
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2034467-3
    SSG: 2
    SSG: 2,1
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Factors Predicting Desistance From Reoffending: A Validation Study of the SAPROF in Sexual Offenders
    SAGE Publications ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology Vol. 62, No. 3 ( 2018-02), p. 697-716
    Details
    In: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 62, No. 3 ( 2018-02), p. 697-716
    Abstract: The present study aims at validating the German version of the Structured Assessment of PROtective Factors (SAPROF) for violence risk in a representative sample of incarcerated adult male sexual offenders. Sexual offenders ( n = 450) were rated retrospectively with the SAPROF using the database of the Federal Evaluation Centre for Violent and Sexual Offenders (FECVSO) in the Austrian Prison System. Interrater reliability and predictive validity of the SAPROF scores concerning desistance from recidivism were calculated. Concurrent and incremental validity were tested using the combination of the SAPROF and the Sexual Violence Risk–20 (SVR-20). Interrater reliability was moderate to excellent, and predictive accuracy for various types of recidivism was rather small to moderate. There was a clear negative relationship between the SAPROF and the SVR-20 risk factors. Whereas the SAPROF revealed itself as a significant predictor for various recidivism categories, it did not add any predictive value beyond the SVR-20. Although the SAPROF itself can predict desistance from recidivism, it seems to contribute to the risk assessment in convicted sexual offenders only to a limited extent, once customary risk assessment tools have been applied. Implications for clinical use and further studies are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0306-624X , 1552-6933
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0306624X16664379
    RVK:
    PH 178
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2034467-3
    SSG: 2
    SSG: 2,1
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