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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Central and Peripheral Clock Control of Circadian Feeding Rhythms
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Biological Rhythms Vol. 36, No. 6 ( 2021-12), p. 548-566
    Details
    In: Journal of Biological Rhythms, SAGE Publications, Vol. 36, No. 6 ( 2021-12), p. 548-566
    Abstract: Many behaviors exhibit ~24-h oscillations under control of an endogenous circadian timing system that tracks time of day via a molecular circadian clock. In the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, most circadian research has focused on the generation of locomotor activity rhythms, but a fundamental question is how the circadian clock orchestrates multiple distinct behavioral outputs. Here, we have investigated the cells and circuits mediating circadian control of feeding behavior. Using an array of genetic tools, we show that, as is the case for locomotor activity rhythms, the presence of feeding rhythms requires molecular clock function in the ventrolateral clock neurons of the central brain. We further demonstrate that the speed of molecular clock oscillations in these neurons dictates the free-running period length of feeding rhythms. In contrast to the effects observed with central clock cell manipulations, we show that genetic abrogation of the molecular clock in the fat body, a peripheral metabolic tissue, is without effect on feeding behavior. Interestingly, we find that molecular clocks in the brain and fat body of control flies gradually grow out of phase with one another under free-running conditions, likely due to a long endogenous period of the fat body clock. Under these conditions, the period of feeding rhythms tracks with molecular oscillations in central brain clock cells, consistent with a primary role of the brain clock in dictating the timing of feeding behavior. Finally, despite a lack of effect of fat body selective manipulations, we find that flies with simultaneous disruption of molecular clocks in multiple peripheral tissues (but with intact central clocks) exhibit decreased feeding rhythm strength and reduced overall food intake. We conclude that both central and peripheral clocks contribute to the regulation of feeding rhythms, with a particularly dominant, pacemaker role for specific populations of central brain clock cells.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0748-7304 , 1552-4531
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/07487304211045835
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2018064-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    The Relationship between Preoperative Expectations and the Short-Term Postoperative Satisfaction and Functional Outcome in Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review
    SAGE Publications ; 2015
    In:  Global Spine Journal Vol. 5, No. 5 ( 2015-10), p. 436-451
    Details
    In: Global Spine Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 5, No. 5 ( 2015-10), p. 436-451
    Abstract: Systematic review. Objective To examine the relationship between the patient's preoperative expectations and short-term postoperative satisfaction and functional outcome in lumbar spine surgery. Methods The Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases were queried using a predefined search algorithm to identify all lumbar spine studies analyzing the influence of preoperative expectations on postoperative satisfaction and functional outcome. Two independent reviewers and a third independent mediator reviewed the literature and performed study screening, selection, methodological assessment, and data extraction using an objective protocol. Results Of 444 studies identified, 13 met the inclusion criteria. Methodological quality scores ranged from 59 to 100% with the greatest variability in defining patient characteristics and the methods of assessing patient expectations. Patient expectations were assessed in 22 areas, most frequently back and leg pain expectations and general expectations. Functional outcome was assessed by 13 tools; the most common were the visual analog scale, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Positive expectations for symptomatology, activity, general health, and recovery correlated with satisfaction. General expectations correlated with higher SF-36 Physical Subcomponent scores, better global function, and lower ODI outcome. Conclusions on the influence of the expectations for pain were limited due to the study heterogeneity, but the evidence suggests a positive correlation between the expectation and outcome for back and leg pain. Conclusions Positive expectations correlated significantly with short-term postoperative satisfaction and functional outcome, including higher SF-36 scores, earlier return to work, and decreased ODI scores. Future expectation-based investigations will benefit from implementation of the standardized methods of expectation, satisfaction, and outcome analysis discussed herein.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2192-5682 , 2192-5690
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1551650
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2648287-3
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Exacerbated brain edema in a rat streptozotocin model of hyperglycemic ischemic stroke: Evidence for involvement of blood–brain barrier Na–K–Cl cotransport and Na/H exchange
    SAGE Publications ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism Vol. 39, No. 9 ( 2019-09), p. 1678-1692
    Details
    In: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, SAGE Publications, Vol. 39, No. 9 ( 2019-09), p. 1678-1692
    Abstract: Cerebral edema is exacerbated in diabetic ischemic stroke through poorly understood mechanisms. We showed previously that blood–brain barrier (BBB) Na–K–Cl cotransport (NKCC) and Na/H exchange (NHE) are major contributors to edema formation in normoglycemic ischemic stroke. Here, we investigated whether hyperglycemia-exacerbated edema involves changes in BBB NKCC and NHE expression and/or activity and whether inhibition of NKCC or NHE effectively reduces edema and injury in a type I diabetic model of hyperglycemic stroke. Cerebral microvascular endothelial cell (CMEC) NKCC and NHE abundances and activities were determined by Western blot, radioisotopic flux and microspectrofluorometric methods. Cerebral edema and Na in rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) were assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance methods. Hyperglycemia exposures of 1-7d significantly increased CMEC NKCC and NHE abundance and activity. Subsequent exposure to ischemic factors caused more robust increases in NKCC and NHE activities than in normoglycemic CMEC. MCAO-induced edema and brain Na uptake were greater in hyperglycemic rats. Intravenous bumetanide and HOE-642 significantly attenuated edema, brain Na uptake and ischemic injury. Our findings provide evidence that BBB NKCC and NHE contribute to increased edema in hyperglycemic stroke, suggesting that these Na transporters are promising therapeutic targets for reducing damage in diabetic stroke.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0271-678X , 1559-7016
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0271678X18770844
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2039456-1
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Inducible Reporter Lines for Tissue-specific Monitoring of Drosophila Circadian Clock Transcriptional Activity
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Biological Rhythms Vol. 38, No. 1 ( 2023-02), p. 44-63
    Details
    In: Journal of Biological Rhythms, SAGE Publications, Vol. 38, No. 1 ( 2023-02), p. 44-63
    Abstract: Organisms track time of day through the function of cell-autonomous molecular clocks. In addition to a central clock located in the brain, molecular clocks are present in most peripheral tissues. Circadian clocks are coordinated within and across tissues, but the manner through which this coordination is achieved is not well understood. We reasoned that the ability to track in vivo molecular clock activity in specific tissues of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, would facilitate an investigation into the relationship between different clock-containing tissues. Previous efforts to monitor clock gene expression in single flies in vivo have used regulatory elements of several different clock genes to dictate expression of a luciferase reporter enzyme, the activity of which can be monitored using a luminometer. Although these reporter lines have been instrumental in our understanding of the circadian system, they generally lack cell specificity, making it difficult to compare molecular clock oscillations between different tissues. Here, we report the generation of several novel lines of flies that allow for inducible expression of a luciferase reporter construct for clock gene transcriptional activity. We find that these lines faithfully report circadian transcription, as they exhibit rhythmic luciferase activity that is dependent on a functional molecular clock. Furthermore, we take advantage of our reporter lines’ tissue specificity to demonstrate that peripheral molecular clocks are able to retain rhythmicity for multiple days under constant environmental conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0748-7304 , 1552-4531
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/07487304221138946
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2018064-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Accessory Cuboid Facet Associated with Calcaneonavicular Coalitions
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2022-01), p. 2473011421S0044-
    Details
    In: Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics, SAGE Publications, Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2022-01), p. 2473011421S0044-
    Abstract: Hindfoot; Other Introduction/Purpose: Though resection and soft tissue interposition is the mainstay of surgical treatment for symptomatic calcaneonavicular coalitions (CNCs) that fail conservative treatment, some consternation exists as to balancing adequacy of resection with violation of adjacent talonavicular and calcaneocuboid (CC) articulations. As better understanding of nearby articular anatomy might be helpful in determining extent of resection, this study aims to identify differences in the anatomy of the CC articulation between feet with and without CNCs. Methods: A retrospective radiographic analysis of patients with symptomatic CNCs presenting to a single tertiary care pediatric hospital from 2010-2019 was performed. Patients without computed tomographic (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were excluded. Using either CT or MRI and standardized anatomic landmarks, the length and morphology of the calcaneal and cuboid articular surfaces were documented at the CC joint. When bilateral imaging was available in patients with a unilateral coalition, measurements were also made on the uninvolved side to provide a cohort of normal controls for comparison. Results: 81 CNCs in 55 patients were identified along with18 normal feet. Mean age was 11.7 years at the time of advanced imaging. In the coalition group, an accessory cuboid facet was identified articulating with the calcaneal portion of the coalition in 61/81 (75.3%) feet. The mean total length of the cuboid articular surface measured 28.6 mm (range, 22.4-34.9 mm). The average length of the accessory facet was 10.6 mm (range, 6.0-15.5 mm) while the length of the primary cuboid articulation with the calcaneus was 15.9 mm (range, 6.4-23.2 mm). Thus, the accessory facet comprised 37.2% of the cuboid articular surface in these patients. Patients without CNCs had a significantly larger primary cuboid articulation with the calcaneus of 21.6 mm (p 〈 0.0001). An accessory cuboid facet was identified in only a single foot in the normal cohort. Conclusion: An accessory cuboid facet is present in over 75% of patients with CNCs and comprised nearly 40% of the proximal cuboid articular length. Moreover, significant differences in the shape of the cuboid portion of the CC joint were present in feet with and without CNCs. This information may be useful when planning the extent of CNC surgical resection as including the coalition side of the accessory articulation may have value in restoring hindfoot motion.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2473-0114 , 2473-0114
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/2473011421S00441
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2874570-X
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  • 6
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    Comparing Two Models of Dyadic Change: Correlated Growth Versus Common Fate
    SAGE Publications ; 2019
    In:  Social Psychological and Personality Science Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2019-09), p. 957-965
    Details
    In: Social Psychological and Personality Science, SAGE Publications, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2019-09), p. 957-965
    Abstract: The analysis of longitudinal dyadic data often requires complex structural models. Two models of dyadic change, the correlated growth model and the common fate growth model, differ in their description of change. The correlated growth model estimates separate but correlated growth trajectories for each member of a dyad. The common fate growth model treats the dyad as the unit of analysis and estimates growth parameters for the dyad. Relationship and life satisfaction are important outcomes that feature prominently in the relationship literature and must be modeled adequately to be understood. In a sample of 325 romantic couples, the relative efficacy of these two models for describing change in relationship and life satisfaction is compared. The common fate growth model better described relationship satisfaction, while the correlated growth model provided superior fit to life satisfaction. Implications for the modeling of dyadic data are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1948-5506 , 1948-5514
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1948550618799066
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2532395-7
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Strain elastography for noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis: A prospective study with histological comparison
    SAGE Publications ; 2019
    In:  Ultrasound Vol. 27, No. 4 ( 2019-11), p. 262-271
    Details
    In: Ultrasound, SAGE Publications, Vol. 27, No. 4 ( 2019-11), p. 262-271
    Abstract: The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the diagnostic performance of strain elastography for the assessment of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease using Ishak (0–6) histology stage as a reference standard. Ninety-eight consecutive patients with suspected chronic liver disease scheduled for liver biopsy (n = 78) or histologically confirmed cirrhosis (n = 20) were enrolled. Liver fibrosis Index (LF Index) calculated by strain elastography, liver stiffness by transient elastography and serum fibrosis markers (aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index and King’s Score) were measured. Spearman’s correlation coefficient between the LF Index, liver stiffness, serum fibrosis markers and fibrosis stage were calculated and compared using areas under the receiver-operating characteristics (AUROCs) curves. Among 73 patients who underwent strain elastography, there was weak correlation between fibrosis stage and the LF Index (Spearman’s: ρ = 0.385 for Ishak score; P = 0.001). Among 52 patients who underwent strain elastography and transient elastography, the AUROC values using LF Index, transient elastography, aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index and King’s Score for diagnosing significant fibrosis (Ishak score ≥ 3) were 0.79, 0.87, 0.86 and 0.85, respectively ( P  〈  0.0001) and for diagnosing severe fibrosis/cirrhosis (Ishak score ≥ 5) were 0.83, 0.94, 0.92 and 0.92, respectively ( P  〈  0.0001). When comparing the diagnostic performance using LF Index, transient elastography, aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index and King’s Score, transient elastography shows a significantly higher AUROC value than LF Index in detecting severe fibrosis ( P = 0.0149). The diagnostic performance of LF Index calculated by strain elastography was not statistically significantly different to the other noninvasive tests for the assessment of significant liver fibrosis but inferior to transient elastography for the assessment of severe fibrosis/cirrhosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1742-271X , 1743-1344
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1742271X19862836
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2163911-5
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  • 8
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    Comparison of Outcomes of Cheilectomy with and without Synthetic Hydrogel Interposition (Cartiva®)
    SAGE Publications ; 2020
    In:  Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics Vol. 5, No. 4 ( 2020-10-01), p. 2473011420S0004-
    Details
    In: Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics, SAGE Publications, Vol. 5, No. 4 ( 2020-10-01), p. 2473011420S0004-
    Abstract: Midfoot/Forefoot; Other Introduction/Purpose: Cheilectomy and arthrodesis are the primary surgical treatments of hallux rigidus. While cheilectomy preserves limited motion, that motion can be the source of persistent pain that later requires arthrodesis. Cheilectomy with interposition arthroplasty using a synthetic hydrogel implant (Cartiva) has been proposed as an alternative to arthrodesis. Previous studies compared Cartiva to arthrodesis, but Cartiva is really a modification of cheilectomy, meant to improve its results by distracting the bony surfaces of the first MTP joint. This study compared outcomes of cheilectomy with Cartiva to cheilectomy alone. Methods: A retrospective cohort study assessed the results at 1-year minimum follow-up, identifying patients by CPT code for cheilectomy with (28291) and without (28289) Cartiva interposition. There were forty-five patients: 26 in the Cartiva group and 19 in the cheilectomy group. Tabulated data included: age, gender; preoperative, 6-month, and final postoperative total first MTP ranges of motion (ROM); preoperative and final postoperative VAS and SF-36 scores; and reoperation information. Hallux rigidus grade was assessed by Coughlin and Shurnas criteria. First MTP joint space was measured at the medial, midline, and lateral portions of the joint on both AP and lateral radiographs before, immediately following, and at maximum postoperative follow-up (16 month mean). For analysis, medial, midline, and lateral joint measurements were averaged to generate a composite measure of radiographic joint space. Follow-up means were 23 months for all patients, 18 for Cartiva and 28 for cheilectomy. Results: Mean age was 54. Mean preoperative grade was 2.6 for Cartiva and 2.1 for cheilectomy (p=0.037). Mean preoperative ROM was 44°. At 1 year follow-up, ROM was 39° for Cartiva and 47° for cheilectomy (p=0.95). Mean VAS improved from 5.8 to 2.0 and 3.0 for Cartiva and cheilectomy, respectively, at final follow-up (p=0.002, p=0.004). Following Cartiva, two week postoperative joint space means increased: AP midline 1.4 to 2.6 mm, AP composite 1.4 to 2.2 mm, and lateral midline 1.3 to 2.7 mm (p 〈 0.001). At final follow-up, joint space measures returned to levels similar to cheilectomy: AP midline 1.3 vs. 1.2 mm, AP composite 1.1 vs. 1.2 mm, and lateral midline 1.6 vs. 1.2 mm (p 〉 0.3). Five patients in each group (22%) underwent revision. Conclusion:: Cartiva offers similar intermediate-term ROM preservation and pain relief as cheilectomy in a cohort with higher grade hallux rigidus. Joint distraction gained by synthetic hydrogel interposition subsides with time to levels similar to cheilectomy. Revision surgery for persistent pain is common in both groups.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2473-0114 , 2473-0114
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/2473011420S00042
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2874570-X
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Comparison of Outcomes in Percutaneous Fixation of Traumatic Fractures between Ankylosing Spondylitis and Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Global Spine Journal Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2023-09), p. 1821-1828
    Details
    In: Global Spine Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2023-09), p. 1821-1828
    Abstract: Retrospective cohort study. Objectives This study aims to analyze outcomes and complications of patients with thoracic and lumbar fractures in the setting of ankylosing spinal disorders (ASD) treated with minimally invasive surgery (MIS). Methods The operative logs from 2012 to 2019 from one academic, Level I trauma center were reviewed for cases of thoracic and lumbar spinal fractures in patients with ASD treated with a MIS approach. Variables were compared between patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), and advanced spondylosis. Results A total of 48 patients with ASD and concomitant thoracic or lumbar spinal fracture managed with an MIS approach were identified. A total of 11 patients were identified with AS, 21 with DISH, and 16 with advanced spondylosis. A total of 27 (56.3%) patients experienced complications. Complications differed between groups; DISH patients experienced a greater number of post-operative complications compared to AS and advanced spondylosis patients ( P = .009). There was no significant difference in length of surgery, estimated blood loss, length of stay, readmission, and reoperation rates between AS and DISH patients. There were 3 mortalities unrelated to the surgery. Conclusion Percutaneous stabilization of patients with ankylosing spinal disorder fractures remains a viable management method. Operative characteristics were similar between AS, DISH, and advanced spondylosis patients; however, DISH patients experienced a greater number of post-operative complications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2192-5682 , 2192-5690
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/21925682211052003
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2648287-3
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Retrospective Analysis of Causes and Risk Factors of 30-Day Readmission After Spine Surgery for Thoracolumbar Trauma
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Global Spine Journal Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2023-07), p. 1558-1565
    Details
    In: Global Spine Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2023-07), p. 1558-1565
    Abstract: Retrospective Case Series. Objective This study aims to evaluate readmission rates, risk factors, and reason for unplanned 30-day readmissions after thoracolumbar spine trauma surgery. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted for patients undergoing operative treatment for thoracic or lumbar trauma with open or minimally invasive surgical approach at a Level 1 urban trauma center. Patients were divided into two groups based on 30-day readmission status. Reason for readmission, reoperation rates, injury type, trauma severity, and incidence of polytrauma were compared between the two groups. Results A total of 312 patients, 69.9% male with an average age of 47 ± 19 years were included. The readmitted group included 16 patients (5.1%) of which 9 (56%) were readmitted for medical complications and 7 for surgical complications. Wound complications (31.3% of readmissions) were the most common cause of readmission, followed by non-wound related sepsis (18.9% of readmissions). A total of 6 patients (37.5%) required reoperation; 2 instrumentation failures underwent revision surgery, and 4 wound complications underwent irrigation and debridement. Patients with higher Injury Severity Scale (ISS) were more likely to be readmitted (27.8% vs 22.1%, P = .045). Concomitant lower limb surgery increased odds of readmission (OR, 4.40; 95% CI, 1.10–17.83; P = .037). Conclusion Spine trauma 30-day readmission rate was 5.1%, comparable to those reported in the elective spine surgery literature. Readmitted patients were more likely to sustain concomitant operative lower limb trauma. Wound complications were the most common cause of readmission, and almost half of the patients were readmitted due to surgery-related complications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2192-5682 , 2192-5690
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/21925682211041045
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2648287-3
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