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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of Oxygenated Perfluorocarbons on Isolated Rat Pancreatic Islets in Culture
    SAGE Publications ; 2005
    In:  Cell Transplantation Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2005-08), p. 441-448
    Details
    In: Cell Transplantation, SAGE Publications, Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2005-08), p. 441-448
    Abstract: One impediment for a wider application of islet transplantation is the limited number of donor pancreata for islet isolation. A more efficient utilization of available organs could in part alleviate this problem. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) have a high oxygen solubility coefficient and maintain high oxygen partial pressures for extended time. They serve also as oxygen “reservoirs” for harvested organs in pancreas organ transplantation. The aim of this study was to test whether the use of PFCs could also be beneficial for the secretory activity and overall viability of cultured purified islets before transplantation. Purified rat islets were cultured in static conditions with or without oxygen-saturated PFCs for 1 or 7 days. Cell death and apoptosis were assessed by trypan blue staining, DNA strand breaks, and caspase 3/7 activity. mRNA levels of insulin and ICA512/IA-2, a membrane marker of secretory granules (SGs), were quantitated by real-time PCR, whereas insulin content and secretion were measured by RIA. Polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB), which promotes SG biogenesis, was assessed by Western blotting. The number of SGs and the ultrastructural appearance of β-cells were analyzed by cryoimmunoelectronmicroscopy for insulin. Various parameters, including caspase activity, insulin and ICA512/IA-2 mRNA levels, PTB expression, number of secretory granules, and ultrastructural appearance did not significantly differ between control and PFC-cultured islets. On the other hand, PFC culture islets showed significantly increased DNA fragmentation and a reduced insulin stimulation index at both time points compared to control islets. While advantageous for the transport of human harvested organs, the use of PFH in the culture may be comparable to and/or not provide advantage over conventional protocols for culture of islets for transplantation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0963-6897 , 1555-3892
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3727/000000005783982873
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020466-8
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Relevance of Arm Position and Muscle Activity on Three-Dimensional Glenohumeral Translation in Patients with Traumatic and Atraumatic Shoulder Instability
    SAGE Publications ; 2002
    In:  The American Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 30, No. 4 ( 2002-07), p. 514-522
    Details
    In: The American Journal of Sports Medicine, SAGE Publications, Vol. 30, No. 4 ( 2002-07), p. 514-522
    Abstract: No quantitative data on glenohumeral translation exist allowing one to distinguish insufficiency of the active or passive stabilizers in different forms of shoulder instability. Hypothesis To determine whether 1) in traumatic or atraumatic shoulder instability an increase of glenohumeral translation can be observed in specific relevant arm positions, 2) muscle activity leads to recentering of the humeral head, and 3) there exist differences between traumatic and atraumatic instability. Study Design Prospective clinical trial. Methods In 12 patients with traumatic and 10 patients with atraumatic instability, both shoulders were examined in different arm positions—with and without muscle activity—by using open magnetic resonance imaging and a three-dimensional postprocessing technique. Results At 90° of abduction and external rotation, translation (anterior-inferior) was significantly higher in patients with traumatic unstable shoulders compared with their contralateral side (3.6 ± 1.5 versus 0.7 ± 1.6 mm). In patients with atraumatic instability, significantly increased translation (4.7 ± 2.0 mm) was observed, with the direction being nonuniform. Muscle activity led to significant recentering in traumatic but not in atraumatic instability. Conclusions In traumatic instability, increased translation was observed only in functionally important arm positions, whereas intact active stabilizers demonstrate sufficient recentering. In atraumatic instability, a decentralized head position was recorded also during muscle activity, suggesting alterations of the active stabilizers. Clinical Relevance Clinical Relevance: These data are relevant for optimizing diagnostics and therapeutic strategies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-5465 , 1552-3365
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/03635465020300041101
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2063945-4
    SSG: 31
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cholecalciferol 20 000 IU Once Weekly in HIV-Positive Patients with Low Vitamin D Levels: Result from a Cohort Study
    SAGE Publications ; 2017
    In:  Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) Vol. 16, No. 4 ( 2017-07), p. 315-320
    Details
    In: Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC), SAGE Publications, Vol. 16, No. 4 ( 2017-07), p. 315-320
    Abstract: To evaluate efficacy and safety of 20 000 IU cholecalciferol weekly in HIV-infected patients. Methods: Longitudinal data for 243 HIV-infected patients with paired 25-OH-vitamin D3 values for the same month in 2 consecutive years were stratified by the initiation of supplementation in this retrospective study. Results: After 1 year of administration of cholecalciferol 20 000 IU weekly, about 78% of patients with initial vitamin D level 〈 20 µg/L achieved vitamin D levels 〉 20 µg/L and 42% achieved levels 〉 30 µg/L. Supplemented patients with baseline vitamin D levels 〈 20 µg/L showed a significant risk reduction for hypocalcemia ( P = .006; risk difference: 20.8%) and a significantly lower increase in alkaline phosphatase (AP) compared to those in the nonsubstituted group. Conclusion: The dose of 20 000 IU of cholecalciferol once weekly was found to be safe and effective. Normalization of vitamin D levels within 1 year was observed in 42% to 75% of the patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2325-9582 , 2325-9582
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/2325957417702487
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2709037-1
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    The Psychological Science Accelerator: Advancing Psychology Through a Distributed Collaborative Network
    SAGE Publications ; 2018
    In:  Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science Vol. 1, No. 4 ( 2018-12), p. 501-515
    Details
    In: Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, SAGE Publications, Vol. 1, No. 4 ( 2018-12), p. 501-515
    Abstract: Concerns about the veracity of psychological research have been growing. Many findings in psychological science are based on studies with insufficient statistical power and nonrepresentative samples, or may otherwise be limited to specific, ungeneralizable settings or populations. Crowdsourced research, a type of large-scale collaboration in which one or more research projects are conducted across multiple lab sites, offers a pragmatic solution to these and other current methodological challenges. The Psychological Science Accelerator (PSA) is a distributed network of laboratories designed to enable and support crowdsourced research projects. These projects can focus on novel research questions or replicate prior research in large, diverse samples. The PSA’s mission is to accelerate the accumulation of reliable and generalizable evidence in psychological science. Here, we describe the background, structure, principles, procedures, benefits, and challenges of the PSA. In contrast to other crowdsourced research networks, the PSA is ongoing (as opposed to time limited), efficient (in that structures and principles are reused for different projects), decentralized, diverse (in both subjects and researchers), and inclusive (of proposals, contributions, and other relevant input from anyone inside or outside the network). The PSA and other approaches to crowdsourced psychological science will advance understanding of mental processes and behaviors by enabling rigorous research and systematic examination of its generalizability.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2515-2459 , 2515-2467
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/2515245918797607
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2904847-3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Developing an algorithm to identify patients with intracerebral haemorrhage secondary to a macrovascular cause
    SAGE Publications ; 2017
    In:  European Stroke Journal Vol. 2, No. 4 ( 2017-12), p. 369-376
    Details
    In: European Stroke Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2, No. 4 ( 2017-12), p. 369-376
    Abstract: Determining the cause of spontaneous (non-traumatic) intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is critical to guide treatment and prognosis. We investigated whether small vessel disease (SVD) in addition to clinical and other radiological findings on acute neuroimaging predicts a low risk of a macrovascular cause (e.g. an arterio-venous malformation, aneurysm or dural arteriovenous fistula). Patients and methods We identified patients with acute spontaneous ICH who underwent acute non-contrast CT, CT angiography (CTA) and intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (IADSA) at our institution from January 2010 to April 2014. Logistic regression including CTA result, SVD, age, pre-ICH hypertension and ICH location was used to derive a prediction model, validated using bootstrapping. Results 173 patients (46% female, median age 49) of whom 78 had a macrovascular cause on IADSA were included. Predictors of a macrovascular cause were: abnormal CTA (OR 67.4; p  〈  0.001); absence of SVD (OR 5.0; p = 0.019); and absence of pre-ICH hypertension (OR 3.4; p = 0.05). In our internally derived prediction model, the combination of CTA, SVD and pre-ICH hypertension predicted the likelihood of an underlying macrovascular cause (optimism-adjusted ROC area 0.919). Patients with negative CTA, SVD and pre-ICH hypertension have a low likelihood of an underlying macrovascular cause (1.8%). Discussion and conclusion A combination of CTA, SVD and pre-ICH hypertension predict the likelihood of finding a macrovascular cause in patients with acute spontaneous ICH, allowing informed decisions regarding the likely benefit and risk of IADSA.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2396-9873 , 2396-9881
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/2396987317732874
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2851287-X
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cost Effectiveness Analysis of Routine Use of Genotypic Antiretroviral Resistance Testing after Failure of Antiretroviral Treatment for HIV
    SAGE Publications ; 2004
    In:  Antiviral Therapy Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2004-01), p. 27-36
    Details
    In: Antiviral Therapy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2004-01), p. 27-36
    Abstract: Single use of genotypic antiretroviral resistance testing (GART) after first failure of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was reported to be cost effective; its use prior HAART initiation is unknown. Guidelines recommend GART after each treatment failure. We assessed the cost effectiveness of GART used routinely after first and subsequent treatment failures. Furthermore, we determined the minimum effectiveness required for GART prior to the first HAART to be as cost effective as after treatment failure. Design and methods We developed a decision-analytic Markov model to estimate lifetime clinical and economic outcomes in a cohort of HIV patients starting HAART. Rates of treatment failure, estimates of GART effectiveness and data on disease progression were derived from published trials and observational studies. A cost effectiveness analysis was performed from the perspective of the healthcare system using cost data from a Central European healthcare setting. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses using Monte Carlo technique were performed. Results GART after treatment failures increased life expectancy by 9 months and undiscounted life-time costs per case by €16406. The discounted incremental cost effectiveness ratio was €22510 per life-year gained (€/LY). Best- and worst-case scenarios yielded 16 512 €/LY and 42900 €/LY, respectively. GART prior to the initiation of HAART would be equally cost effective if it could reduce the probability of first HAART failure by at least 36%. Conclusion Routine use of GART after treatment failures is cost effective. GART prior to the first HAART would be equally cost effective if it could lower the probability of first HAART failure by approximately a third.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1359-6535 , 2040-2058
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/135965350400900106
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2118396-X
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Value of Measuring Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Levels in Diagnosing Acute Ischemic Stroke
    SAGE Publications ; 2012
    In:  International Journal of Stroke Vol. 7, No. 6 ( 2012-08), p. 454-459
    Details
    In: International Journal of Stroke, SAGE Publications, Vol. 7, No. 6 ( 2012-08), p. 454-459
    Abstract: It has previously been reported that serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor are raised after acute ischemic stroke compared to healthy controls. The aim of this prospective study was to ascertain whether serum vascular endothelial growth factor measurements could be used to distinguish between acute ischemic stroke and common stroke mimics in the emergency room. Methods Blood samples were taken on arrival to hospital and daily for six-days, in 44 patients with suspected ischemic stroke (29 acute infarcts and 15 stroke mimics), arriving within 24 h of symptom onset. Vascular endothelial growth factor levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay. The neurological deficit was recorded daily using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale. Evaluation of infarct volumes was based on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Results Serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels were significantly raised in acute ischemic stroke patients on the day of symptom onset and at all other time points, compared to healthy controls ( P 〈 0.01). The sensitivity and specificity of vascular endothelial growth factor for diagnosing acute ischemic stroke on admission to hospital were only 69% and 73%, respectively. Vascular endothelial growth factor levels were also elevated in four out of 15 stroke mimics, including three patients presenting with postictal paresis. Conclusions Vascular endothelial growth factor has limited clinical utility in the diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke in the emergency room because levels are also raised in common stroke mimics. Further studies are required to establish the mechanism of vascular endothelial growth factor elevation in postictal paresis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1747-4930 , 1747-4949
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2011.00677.x
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2211666-7
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    `World Opinion' and the Founding of the UN: Governmentalizing International Politics
    SAGE Publications ; 2008
    In:  European Journal of International Relations Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2008-12), p. 589-618
    Details
    In: European Journal of International Relations, SAGE Publications, Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2008-12), p. 589-618
    Abstract: While `world opinion' is a staple in political discourse, the concept has received little attention in IR. Locating it along the `realist—idealist' divide, existing studies have conceptualized `world opinion' empirically, as an aggregative or intersubjective phenomenon, annexed or opposed to state sovereignty, and embodying a normative standard. Drawing on Luhmann's conception of public opinion and Foucault's governmentality approach, this article reconceptualizes `world opinion' discursively (functionally and semantically), as a medium of communication that enables post-sovereign forms of international governance irrespective of an inherent normativity. The alternative conception of `world opinion' is illustrated in the discourse of the emerging United Nations in the early 1940s. In this context, `world opinion' addressed problems concerning the failure of the League of Nations, total war, and threats to `civilization'. With public opinion research as a technical backdrop, `world opinion' underwrote governmentalities of international policing, welfare and rights liberalism, post-colonial pastoralism, and pedagogical panopticism in response to these problems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-0661 , 1460-3713
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1354066108097554
    RVK:
    MA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482719-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1235052-7
    SSG: 8
    SSG: 3,6
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Prevalence and Cognitive Impact of Medial Temporal Atrophy in a Hospital Stroke Service: Retrospective Cohort Study
    SAGE Publications ; 2015
    In:  International Journal of Stroke Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2015-08), p. 861-867
    Details
    In: International Journal of Stroke, SAGE Publications, Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2015-08), p. 861-867
    Abstract: Cerebrovascular disease and neurodegeneration cause cognitive impairment and frequently coexist. Aims Our objectives were to investigate the prevalence and cognitive impact of medial temporal lobe atrophy – a radiological marker often associated with Alzheimer's disease – in a hospital stroke service. Methods Retrospective cohort study of patients from a hospital stroke service. Patients assessed for suspected ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, irrespective of final diagnosis, underwent neuropsychological testing and magnetic resonance imaging. medial temporal lobe atrophy, white matter hyperintensities, lacunes, and cerebral microbleeds were rated using established criteria and validated scales. The associations between medial temporal lobe atrophy and cognition were tested using multivariable logistic regression analyses, adjusted for age and imaging markers of cerebrovascular disease. Results Three hundred and ninety-three patients were included, of whom 169 (43%; 95% confidence interval: 38·1–48·1%) had medial temporal lobe atrophy; in 38 patients (9·7%), medial temporal lobe atrophy was severe (mean score ≥2). In unadjusted logistic regression analyses in the whole cohort, mean medial temporal lobe atrophy score was associated with verbal memory, nominal and perceptual skills, executive function, and speed and attention. After adjustment for age, white matter hyperintensities, number of lacunes, presence of cerebral microbleeds, previous ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, and premorbid intelligence quotient, mean medial temporal lobe atrophy score remained associated with impairment in verbal memory (odds ratio: 1·64; 95% confidence interval 1·04–2·58) and nominal skills (odds ratio: 1·61; 95% confidence interval 1·04–2·48). Conclusions Medial temporal lobe atrophy is common and has an independent impact on cognitive function in a stroke service population, independent of confounding factors including age and magnetic resonance imaging markers of cerebrovascular disease. Medial temporal lobe atrophy is independently related to verbal memory and nominal skills, while small vessel pathology also contributes to speed and attention, and executive and perceptual functions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1747-4930 , 1747-4949
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ijs.12544
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2211666-7
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    The Clinical Relevance of Microbleeds in Stroke study (CROMIS-2): rationale, design, and methods
    SAGE Publications ; 2015
    In:  International Journal of Stroke Vol. 10, No. SA100 ( 2015-10), p. 155-161
    Details
    In: International Journal of Stroke, SAGE Publications, Vol. 10, No. SA100 ( 2015-10), p. 155-161
    Abstract: The increasing use of oral anticoagulants, mostly to prevent ischemic stroke due to atrial fibrillation in an ageing population, has been associated with a fivefold increased incidence of oral anticoagulant-associated intracerebral hemorrhage: a rare, serious, and unpredictable complication. We hypothesize that cerebral microbleeds and other markers of cerebral small vessel disease on magnetic resonance imaging, and genetic polymorphisms (e.g. influencing cerebral small vessel integrity or anticoagulation stability), are associated with an increased risk of oral anticoagulant-associated intracerebral hemorrhage, with potential to improve risk prediction. Aims ( 1 ) To determine the incidence, clinical, radiological, and genetic associations of oral anticoagulant-associated intracerebral hemorrhage in a prospective, multicentre cohort study of patients with atrial fibrillation-related ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack started on oral anticoagulants; ( 2 ) To investigate characteristics of oral anticoagulant-associated intracerebral hemorrhage compared with non-oral anticoagulants related intracerebral hemorrhage in a prospective study. Design and methods Study 1: Prospective, multicentre, inception cohort study of 1425 adults started on oral anticoagulants (including vitamin K antagonists and the nonvitamin K oral anticoagulants) after recent ischemic stroke and concurrent atrial fibrillation. Participants will have standardized brain magnetic resonance imaging (including a T2*-weighted gradient-recalled echo sequence) and DNA sample collection at baseline, with two-year follow-up by postal questionnaire and medical records surveillance for symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, other serious vascular events, and death. We will compare the rates of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (primary outcome; subclassified as intracerebral, subdural, extradural, intraventricular), other vascular events, and death (secondary outcomes) in participants with one or more cerebral microbleeds to the rates in those without cerebral microbleeds. Study 2: Prospective case-control study of oral anticoagulant-associated intracerebral hemorrhage compared with non-oral anticoagulant-associated intracerebral hemorrhage to investigate genetic, clinical, and radiological associations with oral anticoagulant-associated intracerebral hemorrhage. In participants with intracerebral hemorrhage (including at least 300 with oral anticoagulant-associated intracerebral hemorrhage), we will collect a DNA sample, standardized clinical data and routine brain imaging (magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography), and information on functional outcome. Expected outcomes We will identify the factors associated with increased intracranial hemorrhage risk after oral anticoagulants for secondary prevention after ischemic stroke due to atrial fibrillation. We will determine clinical, radiological and genetic factors, and clinical outcomes associated with oral anticoagulant-associated intracerebral hemorrhage.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1747-4930 , 1747-4949
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ijs.12569
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2211666-7
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