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  • The Electrochemical Society  (5)
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  • The Electrochemical Society  (5)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Solid Polymer Electrolytes in Lithium Batteries: Challenges and Opportunities for High Specific Energy
    The Electrochemical Society ; 2020
    In:  ECS Meeting Abstracts Vol. MA2020-02, No. 5 ( 2020-11-23), p. 907-907
    Details
    In: ECS Meeting Abstracts, The Electrochemical Society, Vol. MA2020-02, No. 5 ( 2020-11-23), p. 907-907
    Abstract: Besides enhanced safety aspects, solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) offer the opportunity to increase the specific energy of secondary batteries by enabling lithium metal as negative electrode in all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLB). Therefore, the SPE needs to provide sufficient mechanical strength to prevent short circuits caused by lithium dendrite penetration especially favoured at high current densities.[1] In order to obtain the maximum specific energy of ASSLBs, lithium metal negative electrodes are combined with high voltage positive electrodes, e.g. LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 (NMC622).[2] In the frame of this work, a novel SPE is applied to NMC622 based ASSLB cells and studied regarding energy limits on battery cell and pack level. In a first step, the active mass loading is systematically increased revealing the specific energy limit on battery cell level. Additionally, the chosen system is applied to a bipolar (serial) stacking aiming towards further energy improvements on battery pack level.[3] In sum, this work reveals remaining challenges but still points towards opportunities enabling the aimed energy increase of ASSLBs. [1] G. Homann, L. Stolz, J. Nair, I. C. Laskovic, M. Winter and J. Kasnatscheew, Sci Rep , 10 , 4390 (2020). [2] J. Kasnatscheew, M. Evertz, R. Kloepsch, B. Streipert, R. Wagner, I. Cekic Laskovic and M. Winter, Energy Technology , 5 , 1670-1679 (2017). [3] G. Homann, P. Meister, L. Stolz, J. P. Brinkmann, J. Kulisch, T. Adermann, M. Winter and J. Kasnatscheew, ACS Appl. Energy Mater. , 3 , 4, 3162–3168 (2020). Figure 1
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2151-2043
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1149/MA2020-025907mtgabs
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2438749-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    (Henry B. Linford Award for Distinguished Teaching) The Role of Electrochemistry in Battery R&D
    The Electrochemical Society ; 2022
    In:  ECS Meeting Abstracts Vol. MA2022-01, No. 2 ( 2022-07-07), p. 202-202
    Details
    In: ECS Meeting Abstracts, The Electrochemical Society, Vol. MA2022-01, No. 2 ( 2022-07-07), p. 202-202
    Abstract: Encouragement and motivation of young talents and students to engage in the mesmerizing field of electrochemistry and in particular in electrochemical energy storage is of outmost prominence to generate sustainability in the battery community that is inevitable to guarantee manpower continuity in one of the biggest global challenges of mankind, i.e. climate change and depletion of fossil fuels. Lithium-based batteries are regarded as key energy storage technology for further breakthroughs in energy transition and mobility transition and related R & D. [1] Limitations in typical electrochemical performance criteria, e.g. energy/power density, fast charge capability and cycle life will likely require even more intense R & D efforts in the future. [2] Electrochemistry is not only the basic principle of battery cell operation, but a reliable and frequently underestimated in situ instrument for monitoring and diagnostics. [3, 4] Alongside with its strong methodological capability, the fundamental principles of electrochemistry for the understanding of practical battery cells will be emphasized in this presentation. Fundamental electrochemical relations like Sand`s law, the Nernst equation, Ohm’s law and the rules of Faraday; and in reverse manner, their mindful use in electrochemical methodology can precisely indicate and forecast processes during battery cell application and thus realize a simple and systematic, but at the same time a very effective and impactful R & D approach. [5,6] Consequently, elucidating the role of electrochemistry in energy storage will build a bridge between (simple) electrochemical fundamentals and the rather complex practical behavior of state-of-the-art and future battery systems, thus serving as topical attraction for young talents to enter into one of the most relevant and fascinating fields of natural sciences and engineering. Reference s : [1] M. Winter, R. J. Brodd Chemical Reviews . 2004 , 104, 4245-4269. [2] R. Schmuch, R. Wagner, G. Hörpel, T. Placke, M. Winter Nature Energy . 2018 , 3, 267-278. [3] R. Nölle, K. Beltrop, F. Holtstiege, J. Kasnat scheew, T. Placke, M. Winter Materials Today . 2020 , 32, 131-146. [4] J. Kasnatscheew, M. Evertz, R. Kloepsch, B. Streipert, R. Wagner, I. Cekic Laskovic, M. Winter Energy Technology . 2017 , 5, 1670-1679. [5] L. Stolz, G. Homann, M. Winter, J. Kasnatscheew Materials Today . 2021 , 44, 9-14 [6] F..Holtstiege, A. Wilken A, M. Winter M, T. Placke, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2017 , 19, 25905-25918
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2151-2043
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1149/MA2022-012202mtgabs
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2438749-6
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Concentration Polarization in Batteries: Theory, Experimental Verification and Practical Relevance
    The Electrochemical Society ; 2022
    In:  ECS Meeting Abstracts Vol. MA2022-01, No. 2 ( 2022-07-07), p. 250-250
    Details
    In: ECS Meeting Abstracts, The Electrochemical Society, Vol. MA2022-01, No. 2 ( 2022-07-07), p. 250-250
    Abstract: Apart from particle-type inorganic solid electrolytes, organic, i.e. solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), are of high potential interest for the realization of next generation Li metal batteries, given their abundance, low cost, electrochemical stability and wetting ability.(1, 2) Nevertheless, the poor ion transport in SPEs limits the battery operation to elevated temperature and/or lower rates only and remains main focus of R & D.(3) Besides the internal-resistance induced polarizations (overpotentials), it is the onset of concentration polarization, which determines the operation limit in terms of e.g. temperature and current density. This work aims to practically unravel the mystery of concentration polarization by means of simple electrochemical experiments in Li||Li cells and mathematical descriptions via the well-known Sand and diffusion equations.(4, 5) The conformity of theory and experiments allows valuable mathematical determinations and predictions of parameter and operation limits. For example, these equations can predict the practical onset of concentration polarization. Also, parameter can be obtained, e.g. diffusion coefficients, based on the experimentally observed polarization onsets. The relevance of concentration polarization including its impact on the cell performance even in high voltage LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 (NMC622)||Li cells is demonstrated by experimentally varying the applied current, the salt concentration, the temperature as well as the cell set-up ( e.g. electrolyte thickness and electrode area-oversizing).(6) The validity of these relations is additionally confirmed in state-of-the-art liquid, i.e. LiPF 6 /carbonate-based, electrolytes and the special case of single-ion conducting electrolytes is discussed. L. Stolz, S. Röser, G. Homann, M. Winter and J. Kasnatscheew, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C , 125 , 18089 (2021). J. Mindemark, M. J. Lacey, T. Bowden and D. Brandell, Prog. Polym. Sci. , 81 , 114 (2018). J. Janek and W. G. Zeier, Nature Energy , 1 , 16141 (2016). L. Stolz, G. Homann, M. Winter and J. Kasnatscheew, Data in Brief , 34 , 106688 (2021). L. Stolz, G. Homann, M. Winter and J. Kasnatscheew, Materials Today , 44 , 9 (2021). L. Stolz, G. Homann, M. Winter and J. Kasnatscheew, ChemSusChem , 14 , 2163 (2021). Figure 1
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2151-2043
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1149/MA2022-012250mtgabs
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2438749-6
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Poly(ethylene oxide)-Based Electrolyte for Solid-State-Lithium-Batteries with High Voltage Electrodes: Re-Evaluation of Common Beliefs
    The Electrochemical Society ; 2020
    In:  ECS Meeting Abstracts Vol. MA2020-02, No. 5 ( 2020-11-23), p. 893-893
    Details
    In: ECS Meeting Abstracts, The Electrochemical Society, Vol. MA2020-02, No. 5 ( 2020-11-23), p. 893-893
    Abstract: Poly(ethylene oxide) (=PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are believed to be oxidatively instable, thus suitable only with “low potential” electrodes. Indeed, they reveal a sudden failure in Li metal cells when high potential positive electrodes, e.g. LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 (NMC622) are used. This is electrochemically detectable in an arbitrary, time – and voltage independent, “voltage noise” during charge. A relation with the believed SPE oxidation was evaluated, for validity reasons on different electrodes including different active materials in both, potentiodynamic and galvanostatic experiments. The results indicate an exponential current increase and a potential plateau at 4.6 V vs. Li|Li + , respectively, demonstrating that the oxidation onset of the SPE is above the used working potential of NMC622, which is only charged up to 4.3 V vs. Li|Li + . Surprisingly, a simple increase in SPE membrane thickness or a simple exchange of Li metal negative electrode with graphite electrode revealed an operation free of “voltage noise”. These experiments indicate that the Li | SPE interface, and in particular, Li dendrite formation and penetration through the SPE membrane is the significant source and counterintuitively not the literature believed SPE│NMC622 interface.(1) The concluded oxidative stability of the cheap and abundant PEO and the precisely diagnosed failure source led to modified and more systematic improvement strategies for a successful high voltage application of solid-state Li batteries, even at 40 °C.(2) G. Homann, L. Stolz, J. Nair, I. C. Laskovic, M. Winter and J. Kasnatscheew, Sci Rep , 10 , 4390 (2020). G. Homann, L. Stolz, M. Winter and J. Kasnatscheew, iScience, [accepted] (2020). Figure 1
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2151-2043
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1149/MA2020-025893mtgabs
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2438749-6
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Physicochemical Interplay in Solid Polymer Electrolytes: Benchmarking, Prospects and Limits in High Voltage Batteries
    The Electrochemical Society ; 2022
    In:  ECS Meeting Abstracts Vol. MA2022-01, No. 2 ( 2022-07-07), p. 232-232
    Details
    In: ECS Meeting Abstracts, The Electrochemical Society, Vol. MA2022-01, No. 2 ( 2022-07-07), p. 232-232
    Abstract: A systematic R & D of solid electrolytes (SEs) requires reasonable benchmark systems for the intra- and interlaboratory comparison and evaluation. Given its abundance, costs, compatibility with Li and a relative simplicity in processing, the poly(ethylene oxide)-based solid electrolyte (PEO-based SE) is a reasonable benchmark SE system for solid-state lithium batteries.(1) On the basis of recent progress in cell design and methodology,(2-5) the physicochemical properties of PEO-based SE are elaborated as a function of Li salt concentration and related with the performance in LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 (NMC622)||lithium cells. The overall aim is to unravel the apparently complex interplay of relevant parameter and finally to demonstrate the prospects and limits of the SPE benchmark in practical lithium-based batteries.(6) For instance, despite the decrease of the crystalline phases with a Li salt in a plasticizing manner leading to SE membrane softening, the accompanied increase in amorphous phases enhances the Li + diffusion coefficient, which can be easily obtained from the analysis of Li||Li cells with the Sand equation. Both, the increased diffusivity of Li + and the overall amount of charge carriers leads to improved ionic conductivities with higher Li salt concentration, particularly below the melting point (T m 〈 60 °C). In terms of anodic behavior, neither SE decomposition nor Al current collector dissolution is visibly affected by the Li salt concentration, revealing a surprisingly high bulk electrolyte stability of 4.6 V vs. Li|Li + on practical, i.e. composite electrodes; and an Al dissolution tendency as low as in conventional LiPF 6 /carbonate-based liquid electrolytes. Finally, at an operation temperature below T m , Li salt concentration is demonstrated to have a direct link with characteristic performance aspects of e.g. NMC622||Li cells. J. Mindemark, M. J. Lacey, T. Bowden and D. Brandell, Prog. Polym. Sci. , 81 , 114 (2018). L. Stolz, G. Homann, M. Winter and J. Kasnatscheew, Materials Advances , 2 , 3251 (2021). G. Homann, L. Stolz, M. Winter and J. Kasnatscheew, iScience , 23 , 101225 (2020). L. Stolz, G. Homann, M. Winter and J. Kasnatscheew, Materials Today , 44 , 9 (2021). G. Homann, L. Stolz, J. Nair, I. C. Laskovic, M. Winter and J. Kasnatscheew, Sci Rep , 10 , 4390 (2020). L. Stolz, S. Röser, G. Homann, M. Winter and J. Kasnatscheew, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C , 125 , 18089 (2021). Figure 1
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2151-2043
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1149/MA2022-012232mtgabs
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2438749-6
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