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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Soil fungal guilds as important drivers of the plant richness–productivity relationship
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  New Phytologist Vol. 226, No. 4 ( 2020-05), p. 947-949
    Details
    In: New Phytologist, Wiley, Vol. 226, No. 4 ( 2020-05), p. 947-949
    Abstract: This article is a Commentary on Chen et al., 226 : 1129–1143 .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-646X , 1469-8137
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/nph.v226.4
    DOI: 10.1111/nph.16523
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208885-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472194-6
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Steering the soil microbiome by repeated litter addition
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Ecology Vol. 109, No. 6 ( 2021-06), p. 2499-2513
    Details
    In: Journal of Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 109, No. 6 ( 2021-06), p. 2499-2513
    Abstract: Microbial communities drive plant litter breakdown. Litters originating from different plant species are often associated with specialised microbiomes that accelerate the breakdown of that litter, known as home‐field advantage. Yet, how and how fast microbial communities specialise towards litter inputs is not known. Here we study effects of repeated litter additions on soil microbial community structure and functioning. We set up a 9‐month, full‐factorial, reciprocal litter transplant experiment with soils and litters from six plant species (three grasses and three trees). We measured fungal and bacterial community composition, litter mass loss and home‐field effects. We found that repeated litter additions resulted in convergence in fungal community composition driven by litter functional group (trees vs. grasses). Grasses enriched Sordariomycetes, while Tremellomycetes, Eurotiomycetes and Leotiomycetes were favoured by tree litter. Bacterial community composition, litter mass loss and home‐field effects were not affected by litter incubation, but there was a relationship between fungal community composition and mass loss. We conclude that repeated litter incubations can result in directional shifts in fungal community composition, while 9 months of litter addition did not change bacterial community composition and the functioning and specialisation of microbial communities. Testing further how repeated litter inputs affect microbial functioning is essential for steering decomposer communities for optimal soil carbon and nutrient cycling.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-0477 , 1365-2745
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jec.v109.6
    DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13662
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3023-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004136-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Structure and ecological function of the soil microbiome affecting plant–soil feedbacks in the presence of a soil‐borne pathogen
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Environmental Microbiology Vol. 22, No. 2 ( 2020-02), p. 660-676
    Details
    In: Environmental Microbiology, Wiley, Vol. 22, No. 2 ( 2020-02), p. 660-676
    Abstract: Interactions between plants and soil microbes are important for plant growth and resistance. Through plant–soil‐feedbacks, growth of a plant is influenced by the previous plant that was growing in the same soil. We performed a plant–soil feedback study with 37 grass, forb and legume species, to condition the soil and then tested the effects of plant‐induced changes in soil microbiomes on the growth of the commercially important cut‐flower Chrysanthemum in presence and absence of a pathogen. We analysed the fungal and bacterial communities in these soils using next‐generation sequencing and examined their relationship with plant growth in inoculated soils with or without the root pathogen, Pythium ultimum . We show that a large part of the soil microbiome is plant species‐specific while a smaller part is conserved at the plant family level. We further identified clusters of plant species creating plant growth promoting microbiomes that suppress concomitantly plant pathogens. Especially soil inocula with higher relative abundances of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi caused positive effects on the Chrysanthemum growth when exposed to the pathogen. We conclude that plants differ greatly in how they influence the soil microbiome and that plant growth and protection against pathogens is associated with a complex soil microbial community.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1462-2912 , 1462-2920
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/emi.v22.2
    DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14882
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020213-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Removal of soil biota alters soil feedback effects on plant growth and defense chemistry
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  New Phytologist Vol. 221, No. 3 ( 2019-02), p. 1478-1491
    Details
    In: New Phytologist, Wiley, Vol. 221, No. 3 ( 2019-02), p. 1478-1491
    Abstract: We examined how the removal of soil biota affects plant–soil feedback ( PSF ) and defense chemistry of Jacobaea vulgaris , an outbreak plant species in Europe containing the defense compounds pyrrolizidine alkaloids ( PA s). Macrofauna and mesofauna, as well as fungi and bacteria, were removed size selectively from unplanted soil or soil planted with J. vulgaris exposed or not to above‐ or belowground insect herbivores. Wet‐sieved fractions, using 1000‐, 20‐, 5‐ and 0.2‐μm mesh sizes, were added to sterilized soil and new plants were grown. Sieving treatments were verified by molecular analysis of the inocula. In the feedback phase, plant biomass was lowest in soils with 1000‐ and 20‐μm inocula, and soils conditioned with plants gave more negative feedback than without plants. Remarkably, part of this negative PSF effect remained present in the 0.2‐μm inoculum where no bacteria were present. PA concentration and composition of plants with 1000‐ or 20‐μm inocula differed from those with 5‐ or 0.2‐μm inocula, but only if soils had been conditioned by undamaged plants or plants damaged by aboveground herbivores. These effects correlated with leaf hyperspectral reflectance. We conclude that size‐selective removal of soil biota altered PSF s, but that these PSF s were also influenced by herbivory during the conditioning phase.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-646X , 1469-8137
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/nph.2019.221.issue-3
    DOI: 10.1111/nph.15485
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208885-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472194-6
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  • 5
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    Stimulated saprotrophic fungi in arable soil extend their activity to the rhizosphere and root microbiomes of crop seedlings
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Environmental Microbiology Vol. 23, No. 10 ( 2021-10), p. 6056-6073
    Details
    In: Environmental Microbiology, Wiley, Vol. 23, No. 10 ( 2021-10), p. 6056-6073
    Abstract: Saprotrophic fungi play an important role in ecosystem functioning and plant performance, but their abundance in intensively managed arable soils is low. Saprotrophic fungal biomass in arable soils can be enhanced with amendments of cellulose‐rich materials. Here, we examined if sawdust‐stimulated saprotrophic fungi extend their activity to the rhizosphere of crop seedlings and influence the composition and activity of other rhizosphere and root inhabitants. After growing carrot seedlings in sawdust‐amended arable soil, we determined fungal and bacterial biomass and community structure in roots, rhizosphere and soil. Utilization of root exudates was assessed by stable isotope probing (SIP) following 13 CO 2 ‐pulse‐labelling of seedlings. This was combined with analysis of lipid fatty acids (PLFA/NLFA‐SIP) and nucleic acids (DNA‐SIP). Sawdust‐stimulated Sordariomycetes colonized the seedling's rhizosphere and roots and actively consumed root exudates. This did not reduce the abundance and activity of bacteria, yet higher proportions of α‐Proteobacteria and Bacteroidia were seen. Biomass and activity of mycorrhizal fungi increased with sawdust amendments, whereas exudate consumption and root colonization by functional groups containing plant pathogens did not change. Sawdust amendment of arable soil enhanced abundance and exudate‐consuming activity of saprotrophic fungi in the rhizosphere of crop seedlings and promoted potential beneficial microbial groups in root‐associated microbiomes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1462-2912 , 1462-2920
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/emi.v23.10
    DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15563
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020213-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
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    How plant–soil feedbacks influence the next generation of plants
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Ecological Research Vol. 36, No. 1 ( 2021-01), p. 32-44
    Details
    In: Ecological Research, Wiley, Vol. 36, No. 1 ( 2021-01), p. 32-44
    Abstract: In response to environmental conditions, plants can alter the performance of the next generation through maternal effects. Since plant–soil feedbacks (PSFs) influence soil conditions, PSFs likely create such intergenerational effects. We grew monocultures of three grass and three forb species in outdoor mesocosms. We then grew one of the six species, Hypochaeris radicata, in the conditioned soils and collected their seeds. We measured seed weight, carbon and nitrogen concentration, germination and seedling performance when grown on a common soil. We did not detect functional group intergenerational effects, but soils conditioned by different plant species affected H. radicata seed C to N ratios. There was a relationship between parent biomass in the differently conditioned soils and the germination rates of the offspring. However, these effects did not change offspring performance on a common soil. Our findings show that PSF effects changed seed quality and initial performance in a common grassland forb. We discuss the implications of our findings for multi‐generational plant–soil interactions, and highlight the need to further explore how PSF effects shape plant community dynamics over different generations and across a broad range of species and functional groups.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0912-3814 , 1440-1703
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ere.v36.1
    DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12165
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2023900-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
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    Temporal changes in plant–soil feedback effects on microbial networks, leaf metabolomics and plant–insect interactions
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Ecology Vol. 110, No. 6 ( 2022-06), p. 1328-1343
    Details
    In: Journal of Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 110, No. 6 ( 2022-06), p. 1328-1343
    Abstract: The importance of plant–soil feedbacks (PSF) for above‐ground and below‐ground multitrophic interactions is well recognized. However, most studies only condition soil for a short time before testing the feedback response. Here we investigate the influence of time of conditioning on soil microbiome composition, plant growth and metabolomics, and plant–insect interactions. We used soil collected from large outdoor mesocosms with monocultures of six species and investigated the temporal changes in the soil over a full year. Every 2 months, we assessed the legacy effects of the soils on plant growth of one of the species ( Jacobaea vulgaris ) in a climate‐controlled chamber. Each time we used tissue culture plants that were genetically identical. We also measured leaf herbivore performance and leaf metabolomes, as well as the abiotic and biotic soil properties. We show that the monoculture soils harboured different microbiomes, but that these varied over time. Growth of the test plants also varied over time and plants grew consistently less well in their own soil. The soil legacy effects on the leaf metabolome were less consistent and varied strongly over time. Networking analysis showed that soil bacteria had stronger effects on the leaf metabolome than fungi early on. However, after 12 months of conditioning, only soil fungal community composition explained the metabolomic profiles of the leaves. Insect herbivory was not affected by soil conditioning, but decreased with increasing time of conditioning. Synthesis . Our results show that the biomass response of the test plants to soil conditioning remained consistent throughout the year, even though both the soil microbiome and leaf metabolomic responses to conditioned soil varied greatly over time. These soil‐induced changes in the metabolome of plants over time can be an important driver of above‐ground multitrophic interactions in nature. Our study demonstrates that the duration of conditioning has a strong impact on plant and soil properties, which highlights that temporal variation is an important aspect to consider in future studies investigating plant–soil interactions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-0477 , 1365-2745
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jec.v110.6
    DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13872
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3023-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004136-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Conditioning the soil microbiome through plant–soil feedbacks suppresses an aboveground insect pest
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  New Phytologist Vol. 226, No. 2 ( 2020-04), p. 595-608
    Details
    In: New Phytologist, Wiley, Vol. 226, No. 2 ( 2020-04), p. 595-608
    Abstract: Soils and their microbiomes are now recognized as key components of plant health, but how to steer those microbiomes to obtain their beneficial functions is still unknown. Here, we assess whether plant–soil feedbacks can be applied in a crop system to shape soil microbiomes that suppress herbivorous insects in above‐ground tissues. We used four grass and four forb species to condition living soil. Then we inoculated those soil microbiomes into sterilized soil and grew chrysanthemum as a focal plant. We evaluated the soil microbiome in the inocula and after chrysanthemum growth, as well as plant and herbivore parameters. We show that inocula and inoculated soil in which a focal plant had grown harbor remarkably different microbiomes, with the focal plant exerting a strong negative effect on fungi, especially arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Soil inoculation consistently induced resistance against the thrips Frankliniella occidentalis, but not against the mite Tetranychus urticae, when compared with sterilized soil. Additionally, plant species shaped distinct microbiomes that had different effects on thrips, chlorogenic acid concentrations in leaves and plant growth. This study provides a proof‐of‐concept that the plant–soil feedback concept can be applied to steer soil microbiomes with the goal of inducing resistance above ground against herbivorous insects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-646X , 1469-8137
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/nph.v226.2
    DOI: 10.1111/nph.16385
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208885-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472194-6
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Plant community composition steers grassland vegetation via soil legacy effects
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Ecology Letters Vol. 23, No. 6 ( 2020-06), p. 973-982
    Details
    In: Ecology Letters, Wiley, Vol. 23, No. 6 ( 2020-06), p. 973-982
    Abstract: Soil legacy effects are commonly highlighted as drivers of plant community dynamics and species co‐existence. However, experimental evidence for soil legacy effects of conditioning plant communities on responding plant communities under natural conditions is lacking. We conditioned 192 grassland plots using six different plant communities with different ratios of grasses and forbs and for different durations. Soil microbial legacies were evident for soil fungi, but not for soil bacteria, while soil abiotic parameters did not significantly change in response to conditioning. The soil legacies affected the composition of the succeeding vegetation. Plant communities with different ratios of grasses and forbs left soil legacies that negatively affected succeeding plants of the same functional type. We conclude that fungal‐mediated soil legacy effects play a significant role in vegetation assembly of natural plant communities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1461-023X , 1461-0248
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ele.v23.6
    DOI: 10.1111/ele.13497
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020195-3
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Above‐belowground linkages of functionally dissimilar plant communities and soil properties in a grassland experiment
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Ecosphere Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2020-09)
    Details
    In: Ecosphere, Wiley, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2020-09)
    Abstract: Changes in plant community composition can have long‐lasting consequences for ecosystem functioning. However, how the duration of plant growth of functionally distinct grassland plant communities influences abiotic and biotic soil properties and thus ecosystem functions is poorly known. In a field experiment, we established identical experimental subplots in two successive years comprising of fast‐ or slow‐growing grass and forb community mixtures with different forb:grass ratios. After one and two years of plant growth, we measured above‐ and belowground biomass, soil abiotic characteristics (pH, organic matter, soil nutrients), soil microbial properties (respiration, biomass, community composition), and nematode abundance. Fast‐ and slow‐growing plant communities did not differ in above‐ and belowground biomass. However, fast‐ and slow‐growing plant communities created distinct soil bacterial communities, whereas soil fungal communities differed most in 100% forb communities compared to other forb:grass ratio mixtures. Moreover, soil nitrate availability was higher after two years of plant growth, whereas the opposite was true for soil ammonium concentrations. Furthermore, total nematodes and especially bacterial‐feeding nematodes were more abundant after two years of plant growth. Our results show that plant community composition is a driving factor in soil microbial community assembly and that the duration of plant growth plays a crucial role in the establishment of plant community and functional group composition effects on abiotic and biotic soil ecosystem functioning under natural field conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2150-8925 , 2150-8925
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.v11.9
    DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3246
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2572257-8
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