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  • 1
    In: Journal of Industrial Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 22, No. 3 ( 2018-06), p. 502-515
    Abstract: Environmentally extended multiregional input‐output (EE MRIO) tables have emerged as a key framework to provide a comprehensive description of the global economy and analyze its effects on the environment. Of the available EE MRIO databases, EXIOBASE stands out as a database compatible with the System of Environmental‐Economic Accounting (SEEA) with a high sectorial detail matched with multiple social and environmental satellite accounts. In this paper, we present the latest developments realized with EXIOBASE 3—a time series of EE MRIO tables ranging from 1995 to 2011 for 44 countries (28 EU member plus 16 major economies) and five rest of the world regions. EXIOBASE 3 builds upon the previous versions of EXIOBASE by using rectangular supply‐use tables (SUTs) in a 163 industry by 200 products classification as the main building blocks. In order to capture structural changes, economic developments, as reported by national statistical agencies, were imposed on the available, disaggregated SUTs from EXIOBASE 2. These initial estimates were further refined by incorporating detailed data on energy, agricultural production, resource extraction, and bilateral trade. EXIOBASE 3 inherits the high level of environmental stressor detail from its precursor, with further improvement in the level of detail for resource extraction. To account for the expansion of the European Union (EU), EXIOBASE 3 was developed with the full EU28 country set (including the new member state Croatia). EXIOBASE 3 provides a unique tool for analyzing the dynamics of environmental pressures of economic activities over time.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1088-1980 , 1530-9290
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2035542-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1397149-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    In: EuroChoices, Wiley, Vol. 21, No. 3 ( 2022-12), p. 27-36
    Abstract: Die Europäische Kommission hat kürzlich das Konzept der Agrarökologie als einen Weg zur Verringerung der negativen Auswirkungen von Agrar‐ und Ernährungssystemen auf die Umwelt begrüßt. Bislang ist jedoch unklar, ob Agrarökologie diese Hoffnungen erfüllen kann, wenn sie in großem Maßstab umgesetzt wird. Wir bewerten im vorliegenden Beitrag die sozioökonomischen und ökologischen Auswirkungen einer großen Anzahl von agrarökologischer Zukunftsszenarien in der Europäischen Union für das Jahr 2050. Grundlage hierfür ist ein neuartiger diagnostischer Modellierungsansatz, d. h. das Biomasse‐Bilanzierungsmodell BioBaM‐GHG 2.0. Wir kommen zu dem Ergebnis, dass agrarökologische Maßnahmen von der Schlag‐ bis zur Ebene des gesamten Ernährungssystems tatsächlich Umweltbelastungen verringern und gleichzeitig die Verfügbarkeit von Lebensmitteln in der EU aufrechterhalten können. Solche Maßnahmen sind zum Beispiel mehr Hecken am Rand von Ackerflächen oder eine extensivere Nutzung von Grünland mit hohem Naturwert (‘high nature value grasslands’). Eine wichtige Voraussetzung ist jedoch eine grundsätzliche ‘Verkleinerung’ des Ernährungssystems (Verringerung der Viehbestände, der Lebensmittelabfälle und der Nettoexporte) und eine optimierte Integration von Ackerbau und Viehzucht. Nur so kann erreicht werden, dass die Umstellung auf ein agrarökologisches Agrar‐ und Ernährungssystem mit den lokalen Produktionskapazitäten in der EU vereinbar ist, und keine negativen Verlagerungseffekte stattfinden. Die Abfederung der damit einhergehenden Einkommenseinbußen für die Landwirtschaft ist ein zentrales Mandat für Politikgestaltung die darauf abzielt, die Landwirtschaft in Europa so umzugestalten, dass sie mit den Zielen des Green Deal übereinstimmt.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1478-0917 , 1746-692X
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2221925-0
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  • 3
    In: GCB Bioenergy, Wiley, Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2019-11), p. 1283-1297
    Abstract: Short rotation plantations are often considered as holding vast potentials for future global bioenergy supply. In contrast to raising biomass harvests in forests, purpose‐grown biomass does not interfere with forest carbon (C) stocks. Provided that agricultural land can be diverted from food and feed production without impairing food security, energy plantations on current agricultural land appear as a beneficial option in terms of renewable, climate‐friendly energy supply. However, instead of supporting energy plantations, land could also be devoted to natural succession. It then acts as a long‐term C sink which also results in C benefits. We here compare the sink strength of natural succession on arable land with the C saving effects of bioenergy from plantations. Using geographically explicit data on global cropland distribution among climate and ecological zones, regionally specific C accumulation rates are calculated with IPCC default methods and values. C savings from bioenergy are given for a range of displacement factors (DFs), acknowledging the varying efficiency of bioenergy routes and technologies in fossil fuel displacement. A uniform spatial pattern is assumed for succession and bioenergy plantations, and the considered timeframes range from 20 to 100 years. For many parameter settings—in particular, longer timeframes and high DFs—bioenergy yields higher cumulative C savings than natural succession. Still, if woody biomass displaces liquid transport fuels or natural gas‐based electricity generation, natural succession is competitive or even superior for timeframes of 20–50 years. This finding has strong implications with climate and environmental policies: Freeing land for natural succession is a worthwhile low‐cost natural climate solution that has many co‐benefits for biodiversity and other ecosystem services. A considerable risk, however, is C stock losses (i.e., emissions) due to disturbances or land conversion at a later time.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1757-1693 , 1757-1707
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2495051-8
    SSG: 12
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