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  • Comparative Studies. Non-European Languages/Literatures  (10)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Temporary unilateral hearing loss during development impairs behavioral and neural sensitivity to interaural level difference cues for sound localization
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2016
    In:  Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 139, No. 4_Supplement ( 2016-04-01), p. 2074-2074
    Details
    In: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 139, No. 4_Supplement ( 2016-04-01), p. 2074-2074
    Abstract: Children who experience persistent conductive hearing loss (CHL) early in life often display binaural hearing impairments that persist long after CHL is resolved, suggesting abnormal central auditory development. Abnormal sensitivity to interaural level differences (ILDs) is particularly likely as a CHL (such as an ear infection) can attenuate sound in the affected ear by & gt;30 dB, dramatically distorting ILD cues. Here, we quantified the effects of unilateral CHL on (1) behavioral spatial acuity and (2) neural information processing of ILD cues in the guinea pig auditory midbrain (inferior colliculus, IC) using the mathematical framework of Fisher information (FI). Animals raised with unilateral CHL displayed larger minimum audible angles for high-pass noise compared to age-matched controls, suggesting impaired ILD sensitivity. Based on acoustic directional transfer function measurements, ILD discrimination thresholds were elevated by ~3–6 dB. Following behavior, extracellular recordings were made in the IC contralateral to the previously occluded ear, and ILD discrimination thresholds for single neurons were determined using FI. Across the population, neural ILD discrimination was moderately impaired (~2–3 dB worse-than-control) in CHL animals. Impaired processing of ILD in the IC may in part explain the spatial discrimination deficits observed in animals and children with developmental CHL.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4950151
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Displacement of the stapes differs across species—Implications for studies of auditory function
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2019
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 145, No. 3_Supplement ( 2019-03-01), p. 1717-1717
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 145, No. 3_Supplement ( 2019-03-01), p. 1717-1717
    Abstract: Sound is transferred to the cochlea via the middle ear. The anatomy and physiology of the middle ear varies significantly across species, and these differences impact both the stimulation provided to the inner ear, and the suitability of different animal models for use in various types of research. Studies of auditory trauma from blast, for example, require generation of intracochlear pressures with sufficiently high intensities to cause damage. In some species, e.g., mice and rats, it may not be possible to generate sufficiently high pressures through air conducted sound alone, whereas in humans sufficiently high pressures can readily be generated through air conduction. We hypothesize that this is due to limits on the displacement of the stapes by the stapedial annular ligament, which thereby constrains the energy transferred to the cochlea through the middle ear. To test this hypothesis, we made measurements of the motion of the middle ear bones in response to tones of varying intensities and frequencies in several different species commonly used in laboratory research. Our results reveal peak stapes displacements from ~150 um in humans to 10-20 um in mice and rats. We will discuss the implications of these findings for basic studies of auditory function.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.5101300
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Aging effects on binaural listening and other auditory system assessments
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2022
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 151, No. 4_Supplement ( 2022-04-01), p. A257-A257
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 151, No. 4_Supplement ( 2022-04-01), p. A257-A257
    Abstract: Older listeners are known to have decreased sound localization and hearing in noise abilities compared to young listeners, even when exhibiting clinically normal hearing. We hypothesize that these deficits may be related to decreased temporal precision of neural activity in the sound localization processing pathway, and/or other central auditory system deficits involving more complex functions such as speech recognition. Presented here are preliminary results from a study underway on the impact of aging on auditory functioning, and in particular, binaural processing. Subjects range from 21 to 89 years of age, have normal or near normal-hearing sensitivity, and are being evaluated on assessments of auditory system integrity and behavioral performance. Primary outcome measures include speech understanding in noise, auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and the calculated ABR binaural interaction component, behavioral measures of spatial acuity, and a subjective questionnaire of hearing handicap. Secondary measures include temporal fine structure and spectro-temporal modulation sensitivity tests, otoacoustic emissions, and electrocochleography. In addition, extended-high-frequency hearing thresholds are measured and working memory assessed. Early results show an aging effect across decades of life on several of these measures. Greatest aging effects are seen in the more adverse listening conditions from behavioral testing. [Support: R01-DC017924.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/10.0011246
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pre-pulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response as a behavioral assay for sound localization abilities of the Mongolian gerbil
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2022
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 151, No. 4_Supplement ( 2022-04-01), p. A147-A147
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 151, No. 4_Supplement ( 2022-04-01), p. A147-A147
    Abstract: The Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) has been used to investigate mechanisms of binaural and spatial hearing. However, behavior assays used to test gerbil spatial hearing using operant conditioning are very time consuming. Pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response offers a method that requires no training and is thus high throughput. Here, we examine whether PPI can be used to assess spatial hearing in gerbils. In eight gerbils, we presented a continuous broadband noise that swapped speaker locations as a pre-pulse prior to a startle stimulus and found PPI increased with wider angles of swaps. Swap angles at 30° (±15° re: midline) or higher showed significantly higher PPI compared to baseline for swaps across midline and in each hemifield. We also performed speaker swap with a low- (0.5 kHz) and high-pass (4 kHz) filter and found that PPI increased at wider angles for both conditions. PPI also increased at wider angles and lower intensity of a spatial broadband masker to a broadband chirp pre-pulse. We successfully demonstrate the gerbil’s sound localization abilities and show that PPI paradigms are capable of quickly testing large numbers of gerbils and reveal performance similar to operant conditioning methods. [Work supported by R01-DC017924.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/10.0010924
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Binaural brainstem and spatial hearing deficits in a guinea pig model of noise-Induced cochlear synaptopathy
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2022
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 151, No. 4_Supplement ( 2022-04-01), p. A258-A258
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 151, No. 4_Supplement ( 2022-04-01), p. A258-A258
    Abstract: Animal studies have revealed that moderate-level noise exposure can cause a permanent loss of ribbon synapses between inner hair cells and auditory-nerve fibers, but only temporary threshold shifts. Such noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy has been called ‘hidden hearing loss’ because while there is a significant degeneration of ribbon synapses, the resulting hearing dysfunction is effectively hidden from typical clinical assays. Here we used guinea pigs to study the mechanisms leading to hearing deficits resulting from a moderate noise. We measured distortion product otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem responses to assay peripheral hearing. We tested spatial hearing ability through the prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex. PPI was used to measure hearing-in-noise ability, or spatial release from masking, as this task approximates the “cocktail party” effect. Finally, we performed immunohistochemistry to confirm synaptopathy. Results show that the noise exposure induces no permanent hearing threshold shift, but despite recovery of normal audibility, both behavioral and electrophysiological binaural hearing deficits persisted. Cochlear synaptopathy was objectively confirmed by visualizing the loss of ribbon synapses in the cochlea. The results demonstrate that cochlear synaptopathy causes deficits in brainstem circuits known to be critical for binaural and spatial hearing. [Work supported by Otolaryngology T32 DC012280.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/10.0011253
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Quantifying the insertion loss of hearing protection using a compressed gas shock tube
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2018
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 143, No. 3_Supplement ( 2018-03-01), p. 1934-1934
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 143, No. 3_Supplement ( 2018-03-01), p. 1934-1934
    Abstract: Compressed gas shock tubes provide a method of generating repeatable and consistent blast overpressure waves similar to those observed in combat and military training. Shock tubes of different diameters and lengths have been used to evaluate the level dependence of various types of hearing protection devices (HPDs) for sound pressure levels ranging from 132 to 192 dB. Insertion loss data was generated using mechanical test fixtures, post mortem human surrogates, and animal models in order to compare the respective auditory responses at these high pressures. The inclusion of animal models was possible since gas driven shock tubes can be housed in mobile laboratories and trailered to vivarium for physiological and behavioral observations. Measurements were conducted on a variety of HPDs and indicate that the responses of many advanced hearing protection devices are nonlinear at these sound pressure levels. Models of hearing protection and auditory injury have been updated and improved based upon quantification of HPD level-dependence. [Work supported by DOD grant W81XWH-15-2-0002.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.5036324
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Light in Troy: Imitation and Discovery in Renaissance Poetry
    JSTOR ; 1985
    In:  Comparative Literature Vol. 37, No. 1 ( 1985-24), p. 69-
    Details
    In: Comparative Literature, JSTOR, Vol. 37, No. 1 ( 1985-24), p. 69-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0010-4124
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2307/1770526
    RVK:
    EA 1000
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: JSTOR
    Publication Date: 1985
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 216002-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066164-2
    SSG: 7,12
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay
    JSTOR ; 1966
    In:  The Modern Language Review Vol. 61, No. 2 ( 1966-04), p. 279-
    Details
    In: The Modern Language Review, JSTOR, Vol. 61, No. 2 ( 1966-04), p. 279-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0026-7937
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2307/3720772
    RVK:
    EA 1000
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: JSTOR
    Publication Date: 1966
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2046590-7
    SSG: 7,12
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The acoustical effect of the neck frill of the frill-necked lizard ( Chlamydosaurus kingii )
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2022
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 152, No. 1 ( 2022-07-01), p. 437-444
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 152, No. 1 ( 2022-07-01), p. 437-444
    Abstract: Animals localise sound by making use of acoustical cues resulting from space and frequency dependent filtering of sound by the head and body. Sound arrives at each ear at different times, with different intensities, and with varying spectral content, all of which are affected by the animal's head and the relative sound source position. Location cues in mammals benefit from structures (pinnae) that modify these cues and provide information that helps resolve the cone of confusion and provide cues to sound source elevation. Animals without pinnae must rely on other mechanisms to solve localisation problems. Most non-mammals lack pinna-like structures, but some possess other anatomical features that could influence hearing. One such animal is the frill-necked lizard (Chlamydosaurus kingii). The species' elaborate neck frill has been speculated to act as an aid to hearing, but no acoustical measurements have been reported. In this study, we characterise the frill's influence on the acoustical information available to the animal. Results suggest that the change in binaural cues is not sufficiently large to impact localisation behavior within the species' likely audiometric range; however, the frill does increase gain for sounds directly in front of the animal similar to a directional microphone.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/10.0012221
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of active and passive hearing protective devices on sound source localization, tone detection, and speech recognition
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2015
    In:  Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 137, No. 4_Supplement ( 2015-04-01), p. 2227-2227
    Details
    In: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 137, No. 4_Supplement ( 2015-04-01), p. 2227-2227
    Abstract: Hearing protective devices (HPDs) such as earplugs and earmuffs offer to mitigate noise exposure and thus noise-induced hearing loss among persons frequently exposed to intense sound, e.g., military personnel or industrial workers. However, distortions of spatial acoustic information and attenuation of low-intensity sounds caused by many existing HPDs can make their use untenable in high-risk environments where auditory situational awareness is imperative. Here, we assessed (1) sound source localization accuracy using a head-turning paradigm, (2) tone detection thresholds using a two-alternative forced-choice task, and (3) speech-in-noise recognition using a modified version of the QuickSIN test in 10 young normal-hearing males wearing four different HPDs (two active, two passive), including two new and previously untested devices. Relative to unoccluded (control) performance, all tested HPDs significantly degraded performance across tasks, although one active HPD slightly improved high-frequency tone detection thresholds, and did not degrade speech recognition. Behavioral data were examined with respect to binaural acoustic information (directional transfer functions) measured in a binaural manikin with and without tested HPDs. Data reinforce previous reports that HPDs significantly compromise auditory perceptual facilities, particularly sound localization due to distortions of high-frequency pinna cues.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4920119
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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