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  • Comparative Studies. Non-European Languages/Literatures  (26)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1970
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 48, No. 1A_Supplement ( 1970-07-01), p. 121-122
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 48, No. 1A_Supplement ( 1970-07-01), p. 121-122
    Abstract: The Fourier analysis of period histograms of spike discharges of single cochlear nerve fibers in response to continuous, single sinusoidal stimuli reveals properties that are remarkably similar to those of the cochlear microphonic (CM) as measured in individual turns of the cochlea. We compare phase shift, as a function of stimulus frequency, for the fundamental component of response of single fibers (as obtained by us) to that for the CM from different turns of the cochlea (from the literature). Curves from both sets of data can be closely approximated by two straight lines. The changes in slopes, and the positions of the break points of the straight line segments behave similarily with changes in characteristic frequency (CF) of the fibers (0.37–5.4 kHz) and changes in the frequency of maximum sensitivity of the CM. For both sets of data, intercepts of extrapolations of the straight lines depart from the origin; for one, as CF increases; for the other, as turn number decreases. Relative amplitudes of the fundamental and second and third harmonics versus stimulus level and versus stimulus frequency also behave in a manner similar to the corresponding CM measurements. These data, resulting from single sinusoidal stimuli, suggest that CM is closely associated with the mechanisms affecting the structure of the spike discharge trains sent to the brain. [This investigation was supported by PHS research grants from the National Institutes of Health.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1970
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1976
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 60, No. 4 ( 1976-10-01), p. 966-966
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 60, No. 4 ( 1976-10-01), p. 966-966
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1976
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1970
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 48, No. 1A_Supplement ( 1970-07-01), p. 121-121
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 48, No. 1A_Supplement ( 1970-07-01), p. 121-121
    Abstract: Period histograms of discharges of single cochlear nerve fibers in response to continuous sinusoidal stimuli have been Fourier analyzed, and the amplitudes and phase angles of the fundamental and low-order harmonics determined as a function of stimulus level and frequency. Measurements of the phase angle of the fundamental by this technique are closely repeatable and typically vary less than 20° over a stimulus level range of 40–50 dB. Fundamental phase angles are extremely sensitive to stimulus frequency. For example, phase shifts of as much as 8π rad over a stimulus frequency range of 300 Hz–1.7 kHz have been observed. Plots of the fundamental phase angle versus stimulus frequency can be closely fitted with two straight lines, with the change in slope taking place at a frequency near the characteristic frequency of the particular nerve fiber. Similar plots of phase shifts of harmonics are consistent with the existence of identical time delays for the fundamental and harmonics. Our findings are based upon observations of more than 45 different nerve fibers in the cat. [This investigation was supported by PHS research grants from the National Institutes of Health.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1970
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1968
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 43, No. 5 ( 1968-05-01), p. 1177-1178
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 43, No. 5 ( 1968-05-01), p. 1177-1178
    Abstract: A design for a condenser earphone driver is given. The driver predistorts electrical input signals to counteract the inherent square-law operation of the condenser earphone. Thus, smaller-diameter earphones, with their wider bandwidth characteristics, can be used at stimulus levels of interest without appreciable harmonic distortion.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1968
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1967
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 42, No. 5_Supplement ( 1967-11-01), p. 1156-1156
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 42, No. 5_Supplement ( 1967-11-01), p. 1156-1156
    Abstract: The sound pressure at the eardrum of anesthetized chinchillas was measured with a probe-tube microphone implanted into the external auditory meatus. The ratio of this pressure to the free-field pressure measured at a point corresponding to the center of the animal's head was determined as a function of frequency (sound pressure transformation function, SPTF). Two distinctly different types of SPTF's were found. They differed by as much as 15 dB in the frequency range 1–8 kHz. Several of the ears that exhibited one type of SPTF showed slight perforations in the tympanic membranes. It appeared that a static pressure difference across the eardrum was responsible for the other type of naturally occurring SPTF's. Both types of SPTF's could be artificially produced by either creating or by equalizing static middle-ear pressure. [This work was carried out at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and supported in part by the National Institute of Health (Grant), the Joint Services Electronics Program, and NASA Grant.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1967
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1972
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 51, No. 1A_Supplement ( 1972-01-01), p. 93-93
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 51, No. 1A_Supplement ( 1972-01-01), p. 93-93
    Abstract: The fact that spike discharges of spontaneously active cochlear nerve fibers demonstrate phase locking in response to low-frequency sinusoidal stimuli at signal levels substantially lower than those required to generate a change in spike discharge rate has led us to investigate the properties of the following response criterion. We evaluate the index of modulation of the spike discharge rate as a result of the sinusoidal stimulus. Period histograms are modelled as an inhomogeneous Poisson process. Using maximum likelihood techniques, we estimate the index of modulation and the phase difference between the stimulus and the response. We have acquired data similar to “tuning curves” showing as a function of frequency the stimulus level necessary to maintain an arbitrary fixed level of modulation along with the corresponding stimulus-response phase relations for the complete response-band of fibers with low CF ( & lt;3 kHz), and for low-frequency portions of the response-band of fibers with high CF ( & gt;3 kHz). We compare these results to those obtained using other response criteria, and examine their relationship to cochlear mechanics and cochlear microphonics. [This investigation was supported by PHS research grants from the National Institutes of Health.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1972
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1964
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 36, No. 5_Supplement ( 1964-05-01), p. 1017-1017
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 36, No. 5_Supplement ( 1964-05-01), p. 1017-1017
    Abstract: Spike discharges of single units in the cat's cochlear nucleus in response to repetitive tone-burst stimulation were recorded with metal microelectrodes; histograms of times of discharges relative to onset of stimuli were obtained on the TX-0 computer. The histograms of the responses of some units show several distinct peaks, that indicate that any one unit fires at preferred times during each tone-burst presentation. The time of the first peak (latency of response) and the time intervals between successive peaks change systematically with changes in intensity (tens of dB's), repetition rate (5–35/sec), and duration (10–100 msec) of the tone bursts (2–40 kc/sec). These time measurements decrease monotonically with increases in stimulus intensity and increase monotonically with increases in stimulus repetition rate and duration. They do not correlate with the frequency of tone to which the unit is most sensitive. [Work supported in part by the U. S. Army Signal Corps, the U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and the U. S. Office of Naval Research; the National Science Foundation (grant G-16526), the National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (grant MH-04737-03); the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (grant NsG-496); and in part by research grant B-1344, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1964
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1969
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 45, No. 1_Supplement ( 1969-01-01), p. 305-306
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 45, No. 1_Supplement ( 1969-01-01), p. 305-306
    Abstract: Spike discharge patterns of single cochlear nerve fibers in response to acoustic clicks imply that the cochlear neuron is excited by an oscillatory waveform—termed a Click Excitation Function (CEF)—presumably related to the impulse response of the basilar membrane. For a given fiber, the intensities of two clicks separated by k half-periods of the fiber's characteristic frequency can be adjusted so that a particular peak does not appear in the poststimulus time histograms to both polarities of the stimulus. If each click is assumed to produce identical, linearly superposing CEF's, then the relative amplitudes of adjacent peaks of the CEF can be determined by this nulling technique when k=1. To test this assumption, the relative amplitudes of peaks separated by k half-periods can be obtained either indirectly from k=1 measurements or by direct measurement with click separations of k & gt; 1 half-periods. The results obtained by these two methods do not agree and, hence, are inconsistent with the linear superposition of CEF's. This deviation from linearity (from a few decibels to more than 30 dB) increases with separation between the two clicks (0.3 to 4 msec) but is independent of the refractoriness associated with neuron discharge. This temporal nonlinear phenomenon provides new constraints on nonlinear mechanisms employed in models of the peripheral auditory system. [This investigation was supported by PHS research grants from the National Institutes of Health.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1969
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1969
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 46, No. 4B ( 1969-10-01), p. 924-938
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 46, No. 4B ( 1969-10-01), p. 924-938
    Abstract: The interleaving peak structure of poststimulus time (PST) histograms of low-frequency cochlear-nerve-fiber responses to acoustic clicks of both polarities implies that a cochlear neuron is excited by a damped oscillatory waveform, referred to here as a click excitation function (CEF) that is half wave rectified. For a stimulus consisting of two closely spaced clicks, the amplitude and delay of the second click relative to the first click can be adjusted so that one-half cycle of the CEF due to the first click nulls or cancels a particular half-cycle of the other CEF. A null produced in this manner can be detected from the PST histograms of responses of a particular fiber to both polarities of the click-pair stimulus. This nulling technique has been used to study the responses of cochlear nerve fibers to combination click stimuli. Details of these measurements are given, and the interpretation of the results leads to the consideration of two apparently different nonlinear phenomena. These results and the techniques used to obtain them provide a means by which certain constraints on the mechanisms of the peripheral auditory system can be evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1969
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1968
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 44, No. 1_Supplement ( 1968-07-01), p. 363-364
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 44, No. 1_Supplement ( 1968-07-01), p. 363-364
    Abstract: The nulling technique described in the preceding abstract has been used to study the responses of cochlear nerve fibers with low characteristic frequency (CF) to combination click stimuli. For a given fiber the intensities of two clicks separated by some multiple of half the period of the fiber's CF can be adjusted to null a particular peak in the corresponding PST histogram. If the two clicks are assumed to produce identical, linearly superposing click excitation functions (CEF's), the relative amplitudes of adjacent peaks of the CEF can be obtained from nulls in the PST histograms obtained with a click separation of half the period of the CF of the fiber. The relative amplitudes of peaks separated by k half-periods can be obtained indirectly from these measurements or by direct measurement using the nulling technique with click separations of k half-periods. The results obtained by these two methods do not agree and hence are inconsistent with the assumption of linear superposition of CEF's. In all cases, the nulls obtained at longer click separations require smaller intensities of the second click (from a few decibels to more than 25 dB) than would be expected for linear superposition of the CEF's. Furthermore, for a given fiber, the deviation from linearity increases with increased second click delay (delays range from 0.3 to 4 msec). Thus it seems appropriate to term this effect a temporal nonlinearity. These measurements point out a fundamental defect in existing models of the peripheral auditory system, none of which, to the best of our knowledge, include the effect of such a temporal nonlinearity. [This investigation was supported by PHS research grants from the National Institutes of Health.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1968
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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