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  • 11
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 37, No. 15_suppl ( 2019-05-20), p. e13567-e13567
    Abstract: e13567 Background: Albumin levels are widely used to estimate patients’ nutritional status. Low perioperative albumin levels are associated with worse outcomes. Moreover, Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), which is calculated from serum albumin levels and peripheral blood lymphocyte count as follows: PNI = (Albumin x 10) + (0.005 x ALC), has been used to predict both short and long term outcomes in patients with wide variety of tumors. The primary objective of this study was to characterize perioperative albumin levels and PNI in newly diagnosed GBM patients. Secondary objectives included associations between albumin levels and PNI on progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 568 newly diagnosed GBM patients who underwent surgery followed by standard of care chemoradiation. We analyzed the association between albumin and PNI on age, sex, MGMT methylation status, and extent of surgical resection on PFS and OS using a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model. Results: Of the 568 patients collected, 355 (62.5%) were males, 158 (27.8%) had gross total resection of the tumor, and 197(42.5%) were MGMT methylated. Both albumin and PNI were associated with OS but not PFS. The hazard ratio (HR) for OS among the top 2 quartiles of both albumin level and PNI were significantly higher than the bottom two quartiles. The median albumin level was 4.0 and the median PNI was 40. The point for significant high hazard ratio (HR) was around median value for both Albumin and PNI based on restricted cubic spine Cox regression models. The Kaplan-Meir (KM) estimated median OS was 15.2 months for albumin 〉 4, and 7.6 for albumin ≤4. The KM estimated median OS was 14.6 months for PNI 〉 40, and 5.7 for PNI≤40 (P logrank 〈 0.001 for both). While controlling for other factors that may also be associated with early death including age, gender, surgery type and MGMT status, HR = 1.9 (95% CI = 1.4- = 2.6) for Albumin 〈 4, and HR = 2.1 (95% CI = 1.5- 3.0) for PNI 〈 40 compared to their counterpart. Conclusions: Glioblastoma patients with perioperative albumin 〉 4 had a median OS of 15.2 months and 7.6 months for albumin ≤4, and a median OS of 14.6 months for PNI 〉 40 and 5.7 months for PNI≤40 (P logrank 〈 0.001 for both).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) ; 2015
    In:  Journal of Clinical Oncology Vol. 33, No. 15_suppl ( 2015-05-20), p. 2048-2048
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 33, No. 15_suppl ( 2015-05-20), p. 2048-2048
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 13
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 41, No. 16_suppl ( 2023-06-01), p. 2067-2067
    Abstract: 2067 Background: Novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed in newly-diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM). Ibrutinib, an oral small molecule inhibitor of BTK, is currently being investigated for several B-cell malignancies and solid tumors. Preclinical evidence suggests ibrutinib in inhibiting cancer stem cell in glioblastoma. We sought to investigate the safety and tolerability of ibrutinib in nGBM. Methods: A non-randomized, prospective phase I trial was conducted in nGBM patients with Karnofsky performance status ≥70% and normal organ function, who received standard of care chemoradiation plus ibrutinib in a 3+3 dose-escalation design (level 1: 420 mg daily, level 2: 560 mg daily, level -1: 280 mg daily). Primary study objective was to determine maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of ibrutinib in combination with radiotherapy (RT) of 60 Gy over 6 weeks with/without 75 mg/m 2 of temozolomide (TMZ). Secondary objective was to determine safety, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival. Results: 26 patients were enrolled, with 12 (46%) females. Median age was 61.5 years (range 76-22). 15 (58%) patients were MGMT methylated and 11 (42%) were unmethylated. Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were observed at all dose levels of ibrutinib plus RT (ibru+RT) cohort. MTD of ibrutinib was noted to be 420 mg daily with RT+TMZ. All MGMT methylated and 2 unmethylated patients received ibrutinib+RT+TMZ. Remaining 9 unmethylated received ibru+RT. In ibru+RT+TMZ, median cycles of TMZ were 4 (range 0-6) and of ibrutinib were 3 (range 0-26). EGFR amplification status was available for 22 patients, of which 8 (36%) were amplified. Survival outcomes are described, stratified using log-rank test. Conclusions: 420 mg of Ibrutinib daily is safe and feasible in combination with TMZ and radiation in nGBM. Outcomes of ibrutinib appears promising compared to historical survival data in the MGMT methylated cohorts. Further trials are planned. Clinical trial information: NCT03535350 . [Table: see text]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 14
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 39, No. 15_suppl ( 2021-05-20), p. 2031-2031
    Abstract: 2031 Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common cause of brain metastases, with 10-30% of patients developing brain metastases. EGFR is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is mutated in up to 50% of NSCLCs. First-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), such as erlotinib and gefitinib, are limited by blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration and exon 20 (T790M) tumor mutations. Third-generation EGFR TKIs, such as osimertinib, have shown better BBB penetration and efficacy against T790M mutations. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in NSCLCBM patients treated with first and third-generation EGFR TKIs. Methods: NSCLCBM patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2019 at our tertiary care center were investigated. Information regarding molecular marker status, systemic therapies, and date of progression were collected. OS was defined as the start date of systemic therapy to the date of last follow-up or death. OS and PFS were estimated by the Cox proportional model. Results: A total of 193 NSCLCBM patients with an EGFR mutation were identified. 33 EGFR mutant patients received first-generation EGFR TKIs, of which 56.7% were females, 82.1% were white, and had a median age of 63.2 years. 22 patients received third-generation EGFR TKIs, 64.1% being female, 76.9% being white, and with a median age of 71.5 years. The median OS (mOS) in patients who received first and third-generation EGFR TKIs was 59.8 months and 65.9 months respectively (p-value (p) = 0.06). The median PFS (mPFS) between the first and third-generation EGFR TKI cohorts was 44.3 months and 66.9 months respectively (p= 0.048, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.50 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.25, 0.99). Conclusions: Newer generation of targeted therapies in NSCLCBM have focused on overcoming previous efficacy hurdles, including BBB penetration and resistant mutations. We determined that there was a significant mPFS benefit in osimertinib compared to erlotinib or gefitinib, and a trend towards significant mOS benefit in osimertinib compared to erlotinib or gefitinib in patients with NSCLCBM. However, these results should be interpreted cautiously due to treatment selection bias, and further studies need to be conducted on brain metastases lesion size and response rates.[Table: see text]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Clinical Oncology Vol. 35, No. 15_suppl ( 2017-05-20), p. 2071-2071
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 35, No. 15_suppl ( 2017-05-20), p. 2071-2071
    Abstract: 2071 Background: To delineate the prognostic importance of number of brain metastases (BM), lesion volume, and biology on overall survival. Methods: Patients treated for BM with whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT), surgery, and/or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) at a single tertiary care institution from 1997-2015 were reviewed. The primary outcome was overall survival. Multivariable proportional hazards regression was used to adjust for confounding factors. Results: 3,955 patients with 16,189 BM were included in the analysis. There was a reduction in median survival with increasing number of lesions [1 lesion, 10.2 months; 2-4 lesions, 7.2 months, Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.36; 5-10 lesions, 5.6 months, HR: 1.69; 〉 10 lesions, 5.5 months, HR: 1.57, p 〈 0.001]. Among 1,651 patients (35%) who underwent SRS, there was a similar reduction in median survival with increasing lesion number [1 lesion, 12.2 months; 2-4 lesions, 10.1 months, HR 1.20; 5-10 lesions, 8.4 months, HR 1.41; 〉 10 lesions, 6.9 months, HR 1.19], p 〈 0.001). Among patients who underwent upfront SRS, increasing number of BM did not adversely affect survival in those with the smallest intracranial disease volume (≤0.4 cc, 10 th percentile, p= 0.39), but was associated with inferior survival in patients with larger disease volumes (≤1.1 cc, 25 th percentile, p= 0.05; ≤2.6 cc, 50 th percentile, p= 0.005; ≤6.3 cc, 75 th percentile, p= 0.006, and ≤12.2 cc, and 90 th percentile, p =0.004). After partitioning the cohort into molecular subsets, patients with ALK+ disease had no difference in survival based on either lesion number or volume. Patients with EGFR+, HER2+, and luminal B disease had no difference in survival based on number of metastases, while patients with BRAF V600+and luminal A disease had no difference in survival based on intracranial disease volume. Conclusions: Number of BM closely correlates with survival in the majority of patients and intracranial disease volume impacts survival independent of number of metastases. For patients with certain tumor subtypes ( ALK+), intracranial disease burden appears to have no correlation with survival. Molecular profile characterization is important to identify patients with favorable subtypes given available treatment options.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 16
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 30, No. 15_suppl ( 2012-05-20), p. 2100-2100
    Abstract: 2100 Background: Anaplastic oligodendroglial tumors include both anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO), and anaplastic oligoastrocytoma (AOA), histological categories of WHO grade 3 gliomas. There is limited data on specific prognostic factors for patients with these tumors. Methods: After obtaining IRB approval, the Cleveland Clinic Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center’s database was used to identify patients with histologically confirmed AO and AOA at the time of diagnosis. Multivariable analysis was conducted with use of a Cox proportional hazards model and a stepwise selection algorithm that used p 〈 0.05 both as the criteria for entry and retention in the model to identify independent predictors of survival. Results: Chart records of 139 patients, 52% of whom were male, diagnosed between 1992 and 2009 were included for analysis. Median age at presentation was 47 years (range, 18-83 years). 22% of patients had biopsy only, 35% had gross total resection, 43% had near total resection or subtotal resection. Following surgery, 30% of patients were treated with chemotherapy (CT) alone, 14% were treated with radiotherapy (RT) and 47% received both CT and RT. Median progression free survival and median overall survival (OS) were 29.0 and 58.7 months respectively. On multivariate analysis, four factors were identified as independent predictors of OS: age at diagnosis (≥50 vs. 〈 50, p=0.004), Hypothyroidism (p=0.009), multifocal disease (p=0.005) and 1p 19q co-deletion (p 〈 0.001). Choice of initial therapy did not impact survival in this cohort of patients. Conclusions: Older age, hypothyroidism and multifocal disease were associated with higher mortality. 1p, 19q co-deletion was associated with lower mortality. [Table: see text]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 17
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 37, No. 15_suppl ( 2019-05-20), p. e13569-e13569
    Abstract: e13569 Background: Standard post-surgical glioblastoma (GBM) treatment, per Stupp protocol, includes six-weeks of concurrent Temozolomide chemoradiation followed by at least six cycles of adjuvant-Temozolomide. Previous investigations into epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification as a prognostic factor in GBM have yielded contradicting results, requiring further investigation. The primary aim of this study was to determine the degree to which EGFR amplification, in newly diagnosed GBM, impacted progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Methods: Data from 582 patients who underwent surgical intervention for GBM at a tertiary care institution between 2012 and 2018 were analyzed. Only adult patients who underwent treatment per Stupp protocol and had pathological analysis on EGFR and CEP7 were included. Amplification and non-amplification status was calculated by a ratio of EGFR/CEP7 〉 2 and 〈 2, respectively. PFS and OS outcomes were compared using Cox proportional hazard models stratified by surgery type and sex. Results: Of the original 582 patients, 122 were treated per Stupp protocol and had documented EGFR analysis. Of patients who were EGFR amplified, 41 (58.5%) were male and 25 (48.1%) were female (p = 0.38) and median amplification was 1.07 and 1.16 (p 〈 0.001), respectively. EGFR non-amplified patients had a PFS hazard ratio, HR = 0.70 (95% CI = 0.44 – 1.12, p = 0.14); and an OS HR = 0.60 (95% CI = 0.35 – 1.03, p = 0.065). When the EGFR/CEP7 ratio was stratified by quartile, it was found that Q4 compared to Q1 (Q4 〉 6.50 vs 0 〈 Q1 ≤ 1.06) had a PFS HR = 2.1 (95% CI = 1.11 – 4.07, p = 0.024); and an OS HR = 2.48 (95% CI = 1.10 – 5.60, p = 0.028). Conclusions: There was no statistical difference in prevalence of EGFR amplification by sex. However, despite statistical significance, there was minimal difference in median degree of amplification by sex (0.09). Trends begin to show that patients who were EGFR non-amplified had better PFS and OS outcomes than patients who were EGFR amplified, although this was not statistically significant. Patients with very high EGFR amplification (Q4) had significantly poorer PFS and OS outcomes than patients with very low EGFR amplification (Q1).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 18
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 37, No. 15_suppl ( 2019-05-20), p. e13564-e13564
    Abstract: e13564 Background: Standard glioblastoma (GBM) management includes radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and steroids; all of which can result in immunosuppression and a low absolute lymphocyte count (ALC). Previous literature identified an association between low CD4 and worse progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). There remains a lack of research addressing predictors of immunosuppression in patients with GBM. The primary objective of this study is to identify the degree of immunosuppression, measured by ALC, in GBM patients receiving concurrent temozolomide chemoradiation (CRT). Secondary objectives include associations between ALC, PFS, and OS, and whether there are any predictors of immunosuppression in patients with GBM. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 231 newly diagnosed GBM patients who underwent surgery followed by standard of care CRT. We also analyzed the association between ALC and age, sex, MGMT methylation status, and extent of surgical resection. ALC was collected at the time of surgery, CRT start date, and two, four, six, and ten weeks post-CRT start date. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) protocol version 5.0 was then used to grade low ALC as grade 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. Results: Of the 231 patients analyzed, 139 were males, 74 underwent gross total resection of the tumor, 129 patients were less than 65 years, and 79 (42.5%) were MGMT methylated. 37 patients had grade 3-4 low ALC. In a univariate analysis, grade 3-4 low ALC at 4 weeks (±14 days) post-CRT start was associated with higher mortality (HR 1.54, P = 0.028) but had no significant association with PFS (HR 1.22, P = 0.29). Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for grade 3-4 low ALC and its association with survival. None of the risk factors that we tested such as age, gender, type of surgery, or molecular markers including MGMT, IDH, or EGFR were associated with low ALC. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that patients with ALC grade 3 or 4 at 4 weeks (±14 days) of CRT had a significantly higher mortality (HR 1.54, P = 0.028) but had no significant association with PFS (HR 1.22, P = 0.29).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 19
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 39, No. 15_suppl ( 2021-05-20), p. 2034-2034
    Abstract: 2034 Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common cause of brain metastases. ALK, which codes for tyrosine kinase receptors, is rearranged in 4-7% of NSCLC. First-generation ALK inhibitors have restricted efficacy due to poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration and ALK-resistant tumor mutations. Second-generation ALK inhibitors have shown better BBB penetration, while third-generation ALK inhibitors were efficacious even against ALK-resistant mutations. In this retrospective study, we investigated the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in NSCLCBM patients treated with first, second, and third-generation ALK inhibitors. Methods: NSCLCBM patients between 2010 and 2019 were evaluated. We analyzed data regarding molecular marker status, systemic therapies, and date of progression. OS was defined as the start date of systemic therapy to the date of last follow-up or death. The Cox proportional model was used to estimate OS and PFS. Results: A total of 90 patients had ALK gene rearrangement. 16 ALK positive patients received first-generation ALK inhibitor (crizotinib), with a median age of 59.2 years, 50% of the cohort being female and 83.3% being white. Another 17 patients received second-generation (alectinib, ceritinib, brigatinib) and third-generation ALK inhibitors (lorlatinib), with a combined median age of 52.2 years and a cohort of 52.6% females and 72.2% white patients. The 5-year OS rate was 49% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 24%, 71%) for first-generation ALK inhibitors and 76% (95% CI = 40%, 92%) for second and third-generation ALK inhibitors (p-value (p) = 0.019). The median PFS (mPFS) for patients who received first-generation ALK inhibitors was 45.3 months and for those who received second or third-generation ALK inhibitors was 180.1 months. The respective 5-year PFS rate was 43% (95% CI = 19%, 65%) and 72% (95% CI = 42%, 89%). Conclusions: Newer generations of targeted therapies in NSCLCBM have improved BBB penetration and effectiveness against resistant mutations. We determined that there was a significant 5-year OS benefit in patients who received second and third-generation ALK inhibitors compared to first-generation ALK inhibitors, and a respective trend towards significant PFS benefit in newer-generation ALK inhibitors when compared to first-generation. These results are encouraging, but the effect on intracranial lesion size and response rates should be examined in the future.[Table: see text]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Clinical Oncology Vol. 35, No. 15_suppl ( 2017-05-20), p. e13514-e13514
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 35, No. 15_suppl ( 2017-05-20), p. e13514-e13514
    Abstract: e13514 Background: Half of glioblastoma (GBM) patients are 〉 65 years old (yo). We report our experience with GBM patients treated at a tertiary care center and compared outcomes in the two age groups. Methods: Half of glioblastoma (GBM) patients are 〉 65 years old (yo). We report our experience with GBM patients treated at a tertiary care center and compared outcomes in the two age groups. Results: 1165 patients were included in the final analysis. 598 patients were 〈 65 yo, and 567 were 〉 65 yo. Patients who received chemotherapy + radiation (chemoRT) had a lower risk of death compared to patients who received RT only (p 〈 0.001). Although the benefit of chemoRT seems more pronounced in patients ≥ 65 years of age [HR 0.45 (95% CI 0.36, 0.57) vs 0.61 in patients 〈 65 yo (0.48, 0.80), (p = 0.04)], the difference in effects is not significant (p = 0.07). For both MGMT-unmethylated and MGMT-methylated patients, although chemoRT had a better OS/PFS than RT only, the impact was similar in both age groups. Patients who underwent GTR or STR had a better OS/PFS than biopsy only (all p 〈 0.0001). The impact of extent of resection was not different in two age groups (all p ≥ 0.09). Patients diagnosed during 2006 – 2008 and 2009 - present had a better OS/PFS (p = 0.01 and 0.003) than those who were diagnosed during 2000-2005. The impact of diagnosis date on PFS was not different in age groups. In OS outcomes, patient diagnosed during 2009 - present had a better OS than those who were diagnosed before 2005, and the impact is more prominent for patient who were younger than 65 years (p = 0.010). Conclusions: Aggressive treatment with chemo-radiation is associated with better outcomes in both young and older GBM patients. MGMT status did not have any impact on outcomes between the two groups although MGMT status was available for only a subset of patients. [Table: see text]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2017
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