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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Among Hospitalized Infants in Four Middle-Income Countries

Biggs, Holly M ; Simões, Eric A F ; Abu Khader, Ilham ; [et al.]

Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023

In: Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2023-07-31), p. 394-405

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In: Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2023-07-31), p. 394-405

Abstract: Understanding respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) global epidemiology is important to inform future prevention strategies. Methods Hospitalized infants & lt;1-year-old with acute illness were enrolled prospectively in Albania, Jordan, Nicaragua, and Philippines during respiratory seasons in 2015–2017. Medical chart review, parental interview, and post-discharge follow up were conducted. Respiratory specimens were tested using real-time RT-PCR for RSV. Infant characteristics associated with very severe illness (intensive care unit [ICU] admission or receipt of supplemental oxygen) were assessed using logistic regression to adjust for potential confounders (age, sex, study site, and preterm birth). Results Of 3634 enrolled hospitalized infants, 1129 (31%) tested positive for RSV. The median age of RSV-positive infants was 2.7 (IQR: 1.4–6.1) months and 665 (59%) were male. Very severe illness in 583 (52%) RSV-positive infants was associated with younger age (aOR 4.1, 95% CI: 2.6–6.5 for 0–2 compared to 9–11-months; P & lt; .01), low weight-for-age z-score (aOR 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2–2.8; P & lt; .01), ICU care after birth (aOR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.0–2.5; P = .048), and cesarean delivery (aOR 1.4, 95% CI: 1.0–1.8; P = .03). RSV subgroups A and B co-circulated at all sites with alternating predominance by year; subgroup was not associated with severity (aOR 1.0, 95% CI: 0.8–1.4). Nine (0.8%) RSV-positive infants died during admission or within ≤30 days of discharge, of which 7 (78%) were & lt;6-months-old. Conclusions RSV was associated with nearly a third of infant acute illness hospitalizations in four middle-income countries during the respiratory season, where, in addition to young age, factors including low weight-for-age might be important predictors of severity. RSV prevention strategies targeting young infants could substantially reduce RSV-associated hospitalizations in middle-income countries.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2048-7207

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piad042

Language: English

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Publication Date: 2023

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2668791-4

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Primary series COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness among healthcare workers in Albania, February–December 2021

Rubin-Smith, Julia E. ; Castro, Madelyn Yiseth Rojas ; Preza, Iria ; [et al.]

Elsevier BV ; 2023

In: IJID Regions Vol. 8 ( 2023-09), p. 19-27

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In: IJID Regions, Elsevier BV, Vol. 8 ( 2023-09), p. 19-27

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2772-7076

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.04.009

Language: English

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Publication Date: 2023

detail.hit.zdb_id: 3106389-5

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Predominance of influenza virus A(H3N2) 3C.2a1b and A(H1N1)pdm09 6B.1A5A genetic subclades in the WHO European Region, 2018–2019

Melidou, Angeliki ; Hungnes, Olav ; Pereyaslov, Dmitriy ; [et al.]

Elsevier BV ; 2020

In: Vaccine Vol. 38, No. 35 ( 2020-07), p. 5707-5717

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In: Vaccine, Elsevier BV, Vol. 38, No. 35 ( 2020-07), p. 5707-5717

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0264-410X

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.06.031

Language: English

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Publication Date: 2020

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468474-3

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Factors associated with receipt of COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among healthcare workers in Albania (February 2021–June 2022): secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study

Jorgensen, Pernille ; Schmid, Alexis ; Sulo, Jonilda ; [et al.]

Elsevier BV ; 2023

In: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe Vol. 27 ( 2023-04), p. 100584-

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In: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe, Elsevier BV, Vol. 27 ( 2023-04), p. 100584-

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2666-7762

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100584

Language: English

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Publication Date: 2023

detail.hit.zdb_id: 3055963-7

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Primary Series COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Among Health Care Workers in Albania, February–December 2021

Rubin-Smith, Julia ; Rojas Castro, Madelyn Yiseth ; Preza, Iria ; [et al.]

Elsevier BV ; 2022

In: SSRN Electronic Journal

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In: SSRN Electronic Journal, Elsevier BV

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1556-5068

URL: Article

DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4282932

Language: English

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Publication Date: 2022

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Etiology of acute lower respiratory illness hospitalizations among infants in four countries

Kubale, John ; Kujawski, Stephanie ; Chen, Irena ; [et al.]

Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023

In: Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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In: Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Press (OUP)

Abstract: Recent studies explored which pathogens drive the global burden of pneumonia hospitalizations among young children. However, the etiology of broader acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI) remains unclear. Methods Using a multi-country study (Albania, Jordan, Nicaragua, and the Philippines) of hospitalized infants and non-ill community controls between 2015-2017, we assessed the prevalence and severity of viral infections and co-infections. We also estimated the proportion of ALRI-hospitalizations caused by 21 respiratory pathogens identified via multiplex real-time RT-PCR using Bayesian Nested Partially Latent Class Models. Results 3,632 hospitalized infants and 1,068 non-ill community controls participated in the study and had specimens tested. Among hospitalized infants, 1,743 (48.0%) met the ALRI case-definition for the etiology analysis. After accounting for prevalence in non-ill controls, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was responsible for the largest proportion of ALRI hospitalizations though the magnitude varied across sites—ranging from 65.2% (95% Credible Interval [CrI]: 46.3,79.6) in Albania to 34.9% (95% CrI: 20.0, 49.0) in the Philippines. While the fraction of ALRI hospitalizations caused by RSV decreased as age increased, it remained the greatest driver. After RSV, Rhinovirus/Enterovirus (RV/EV) (range: 13.4%-27.1%), and human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) (range: 6.3%-12.0%) were the next highest contributors to ALRI hospitalizations. Conclusions We observed substantial numbers of ALRI hospitalizations with RSV the largest source, particularly in infants aged & lt;3 months. This underscores the potential for vaccines and long-lasting monoclonal antibodies on the horizon to reduce the burden of ALRI in infants worldwide.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2328-8957

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad580

Language: English

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Publication Date: 2023

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2757767-3

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