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Impact of postoperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery on 1-year survival and renal outcomes: a national multicentre cohort study

STARSurg Collaborative ; McLean, Kenneth A ; Kamarajah, Sivesh K ; [et al.]

Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021

In: BJS Open Vol. 5, No. 6 ( 2021-11-09)

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In: BJS Open, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 5, No. 6 ( 2021-11-09)

Abstract: The intermediate-term impact of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients after major gastrointestinal and liver surgery has not been well characterized. This study aimed to evaluate the 1-year mortality rate and renal outcomes associated with postoperative AKI in a national prospective cohort. Methods This prospective multicentre, observational cohort with 1-year postoperative follow-up included adults undergoing major gastrointestinal and liver surgery across the UK and Ireland between 23 September and 18 November 2015. AKI was defined according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. The primary outcome was death at 1-year after surgery, and the secondary outcome was Major Adverse Kidney Events (MAKE-365). Cox proportionate and multilevel logistic regression were used to account for case mix. Results Of 5745 patients across 173 centres, 1-year follow-up data was completed for 3504 patients (62.2 per cent, 126 centres), with attrition largely explained by centre non-participation (63.1 per cent). Some 13.6 per cent (475 of 3504) patients developed AKI by 7 days after surgery (stage 1: 9.2 per cent; stage 2/3: 4.3 per cent). At 1 year, 10.8 per cent (378 patients) experienced a MAKE-365 endpoint (303 patients had died, 61 had renal replacement therapy and 78 had renal dysfunction). Patients who experienced AKI by 7 days after surgery had a higher hazard of death at 1 year for KDIGO stage 1 (hazard ratio 1.50 (95 per cent c.i. 1.08 to 2.08), P = 0.016) and KDIGO stage 2/3 (hazard ratio 2.96 (95 per cent c.i. 2.02 to 4.33), P & lt; 0.001). Both KDIGO stage 1 (odds ratio 2.09 (95 per cent c.i. 1.50 to 2.92), P & lt; 0.001) and stage 2/3 (odds ratio 9.26 (95 per cent c.i. 6.31 to 13.59), P & lt; 0.001) AKI were independently associated with MAKE-365. Conclusion AKI events within 7 days after gastrointestinal or liver surgery are associated with significantly worse survival and renal outcomes at 1 year.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2474-9842

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrab134

Language: English

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Publication Date: 2021

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2902033-5

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Validation of the OAKS prognostic model for acute kidney injury after gastrointestinal surgery

STARSurg Collaborative and EuroSurg Collaborative ; Ahmed, W. U. R. ; Bhatia, S. ; [et al.]

Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022

In: BJS Open Vol. 6, No. 1 ( 2022-01-06)

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In: BJS Open, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 6, No. 1 ( 2022-01-06)

Abstract: Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of major gastrointestinal surgery with an impact on short- and long-term survival. No validated system for risk stratification exists for this patient group. This study aimed to validate externally a prognostic model for AKI after major gastrointestinal surgery in two multicentre cohort studies. Methods The Outcomes After Kidney injury in Surgery (OAKS) prognostic model was developed to predict risk of AKI in the 7 days after surgery using six routine datapoints (age, sex, ASA grade, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate, planned open surgery and preoperative use of either an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker). Validation was performed within two independent cohorts: a prospective multicentre, international study (‘IMAGINE’) of patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery (2018); and a retrospective regional cohort study (‘Tayside’) in major abdominal surgery (2011–2015). Multivariable logistic regression was used to predict risk of AKI, with multiple imputation used to account for data missing at random. Prognostic accuracy was assessed for patients at high risk (greater than 20 per cent) of postoperative AKI. Results In the validation cohorts, 12.9 per cent of patients (661 of 5106) in IMAGINE and 14.7 per cent (106 of 719 patients) in Tayside developed 7-day postoperative AKI. Using the OAKS model, 558 patients (9.6 per cent) were classified as high risk. Less than 10 per cent of patients classified as low-risk developed AKI in either cohort (negative predictive value greater than 0.9). Upon external validation, the OAKS model retained an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve of range 0.655–0.681 (Tayside 95 per cent c.i. 0.596 to 0.714; IMAGINE 95 per cent c.i. 0.659 to 0.703), sensitivity values range 0.323–0.352 (IMAGINE 95 per cent c.i. 0.281 to 0.368; Tayside 95 per cent c.i. 0.253 to 0.461), and specificity range 0.881–0.890 (Tayside 95 per cent c.i. 0.853 to 0.905; IMAGINE 95 per cent c.i. 0.881 to 0.899). Conclusion The OAKS prognostic model can identify patients who are not at high risk of postoperative AKI after gastrointestinal surgery with high specificity. Presented to Association of Surgeons in Training (ASiT) International Conference 2018 (Edinburgh, UK), European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP) International Conference 2018 (Nice, France), SARS (Society of Academic and Research Surgery) 2020 (Virtual, UK).

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2474-9842

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrab150

Language: English

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Publication Date: 2022

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Drones in Plant Disease Assessment, Efficient Monitoring, and Detection: A Way Forward to Smart Agriculture

Abbas, Aqleem ; Zhang, Zhenhao ; Zheng, Hongxia ; [et al.]

MDPI AG ; 2023

In: Agronomy Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2023-05-31), p. 1524-

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In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2023-05-31), p. 1524-

Abstract: Plant diseases are one of the major threats to global food production. Efficient monitoring and detection of plant pathogens are instrumental in restricting and effectively managing the spread of the disease and reducing the cost of pesticides. Traditional, molecular, and serological methods that are widely used for plant disease detection are often ineffective if not applied during the initial stages of pathogenesis, when no or very weak symptoms appear. Moreover, they are almost useless in acquiring spatialized diagnostic results on plant diseases. On the other hand, remote sensing (RS) techniques utilizing drones are very effective for the rapid identification of plant diseases in their early stages. Currently, drones, play a pivotal role in the monitoring of plant pathogen spread, detection, and diagnosis to ensure crops’ health status. The advantages of drone technology include high spatial resolution (as several sensors are carried aboard), high efficiency, usage flexibility, and more significantly, quick detection of plant diseases across a large area with low cost, reliability, and provision of high-resolution data. Drone technology employs an automated procedure that begins with gathering images of diseased plants using various sensors and cameras. After extracting features, image processing approaches use the appropriate traditional machine learning or deep learning algorithms. Features are extracted from images of leaves using edge detection and histogram equalization methods. Drones have many potential uses in agriculture, including reducing manual labor and increasing productivity. Drones may be able to provide early warning of plant diseases, allowing farmers to prevent costly crop failures.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2073-4395

URL: Article

DOI: 10.3390/agronomy13061524

Language: English

Publisher: MDPI AG

Publication Date: 2023

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1

SSG: 23

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Perioperative intravenous contrast administration and the incidence of acute kidney injury after major gastrointestinal surgery: prospective, multicentre cohort study

STARSurg Collaborative ; McLean, K A ; Ahmed, W U R ; [et al.]

Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020

In: British Journal of Surgery Vol. 107, No. 8 ( 2020-06-15), p. 1023-1032

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In: British Journal of Surgery, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 107, No. 8 ( 2020-06-15), p. 1023-1032

Abstract: This study aimed to determine the impact of preoperative exposure to intravenous contrast for CT and the risk of developing postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery. Methods This prospective, multicentre cohort study included adults undergoing gastrointestinal resection, stoma reversal or liver resection. Both elective and emergency procedures were included. Preoperative exposure to intravenous contrast was defined as exposure to contrast administered for the purposes of CT up to 7 days before surgery. The primary endpoint was the rate of AKI within 7 days. Propensity score-matched models were adjusted for patient, disease and operative variables. In a sensitivity analysis, a propensity score-matched model explored the association between preoperative exposure to contrast and AKI in the first 48 h after surgery. Results A total of 5378 patients were included across 173 centres. Overall, 1249 patients (23·2 per cent) received intravenous contrast. The overall rate of AKI within 7 days of surgery was 13·4 per cent (718 of 5378). In the propensity score-matched model, preoperative exposure to contrast was not associated with AKI within 7 days (odds ratio (OR) 0·95, 95 per cent c.i. 0·73 to 1·21; P = 0·669). The sensitivity analysis showed no association between preoperative contrast administration and AKI within 48 h after operation (OR 1·09, 0·84 to 1·41; P = 0·498). Conclusion There was no association between preoperative intravenous contrast administered for CT up to 7 days before surgery and postoperative AKI. Risk of contrast-induced nephropathy should not be used as a reason to avoid contrast-enhanced CT.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0007-1323 , 1365-2168

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11453

Language: English

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Publication Date: 2020

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006309-X

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Isolation of Anemonin from Pulsatilla wallichiana and its Biological Activities

Iftikhar Ali, Iftikhar Ali ; Sakeena Khatoon, Sakeena Khatoon ; Faiza Amber, Faiza Amber ; [et al.]

Chemical Society of Pakistan ; 2019

In: Journal of the chemical society of pakistan Vol. 41, No. 2 ( 2019), p. 325-325

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In: Journal of the chemical society of pakistan, Chemical Society of Pakistan, Vol. 41, No. 2 ( 2019), p. 325-325

Abstract: The phytochemical work on Pulsatilla wallichiana Ulbr. (Ranunculaceae Juss.) afforded a dilactone, anemonin (1) isolated, purified and identified by spectroscopic methods and comparison of their spectral data with the reported data. To the best of our knowledge, this compound was isolated for the first time from Pulsatilla wallichiana Ulbr. Moreover, the aqueous (aq.) methanolic extract of the whole plant sample of Pulsatilla wallichiana Ulbr. (PWW) and the methanolic extract of the whole plant sample of Physochlaina praealta (Decne.) Miers (Solanaceae Juss.; PPM) were also investigated for several biological activities including antifungal, antiinflammatory, anticancer (Rh30, Hela, 3T3), cytotoxic, phytotoxic, brine shrimp lethality and insecticidal activities. PWW showed insignificant antifungal while higher anti-inflammatory activity as compared to PPM. In anticancer activity, PWW showed a concentration dependent effect on Rh30 cell viability while both samples exhibited moderate phytotoxic activity.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0253-5106

Uniform Title: Isolation of Anemonin from Pulsatilla wallichiana and its Biological Activities

URL: Article

DOI: 10.52568/000742/JCSP/41.02.2019

Language: Unknown

Publisher: Chemical Society of Pakistan

Publication Date: 2019

detail.hit.zdb_id: 3024078-5

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The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010–19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Tran, Khanh Bao ; Lang, Justin J ; Compton, Kelly ; [et al.]

Elsevier BV ; 2022

In: The Lancet Vol. 400, No. 10352 ( 2022-08), p. 563-591

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In: The Lancet, Elsevier BV, Vol. 400, No. 10352 ( 2022-08), p. 563-591

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0140-6736

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01438-6

RVK:

XA 10000

Language: English

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Publication Date: 2022

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2067452-1

detail.hit.zdb_id: 3306-6

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1476593-7

SSG: 5,21

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Enhanced toluene degradation using Co3O4 nanorods in post plasma catalysis

Abbas, Zain ; Ayub, Khurram Shahzad ; Zaman, Waqas Qamar ; [et al.]

Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023

In: Research on Chemical Intermediates Vol. 49, No. 7 ( 2023-07), p. 2843-2853

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In: Research on Chemical Intermediates, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 49, No. 7 ( 2023-07), p. 2843-2853

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0922-6168 , 1568-5675

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1007/s11164-023-05025-3

Language: English

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Publication Date: 2023

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2045085-0

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Electromagnetically induced holographic imaging with Rydberg atoms

Asghar, Sobia ; Abbas, Muqaddar ; Qamar, Sajid ; [et al.]

Elsevier BV ; 2019

In: Optics Communications Vol. 437 ( 2019-04), p. 290-296

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In: Optics Communications, Elsevier BV, Vol. 437 ( 2019-04), p. 290-296

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0030-4018

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2018.12.056

Language: English

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Publication Date: 2019

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468811-6

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Evaluating the antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of 5- benzyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol

Qamar, Shaista ; Hussain, Khalid ; Bukhar, Nadeem I. ; [et al.]

African Journals Online (AJOL) ; 2021

In: Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 18, No. 5 ( 2021-05-26), p. 1095-1100

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In: Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, African Journals Online (AJOL), Vol. 18, No. 5 ( 2021-05-26), p. 1095-1100

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate 5-Benzyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol (OXPA) for antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. Methods: Antidiabetic activity was evaluated using three in vitro models, glucose uptake by yeast cells, alpha amylase inhibition assay and hemoglobin glycosylation inhibition assays. Antioxidant potential was determined by DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power and lipid peroxidation assays. Results: OXPA showed antidiabetic activity in all the three models. The activity of the compound was comparable with that of metronidazole in glucose uptake by yeast cells, but the alpha amylase inhibition activity of the compound was slightly lower than that of acarbose, whereas the hemoglobin glycosylation inhibition activity of the compound was higher than that of vitamin E. DPPH free radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity of the compound was comparable with that of vitamin C. In reducing power assay, the activity of the compound was lower than that of vitamin C (p 〉 0.05). Conclusion: The results of antidiabetic and antioxidant activity indicate that OXPA may be a drugcandidate for treating both diabetes and its associated oxidative stress.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1596-9827 , 1596-5996

URL: Article

DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v18i5.26

Language: Unknown

Publisher: African Journals Online (AJOL)

Publication Date: 2021

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2125881-8

SSG: 15,3

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Clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes in HIV-1-infected children receiving antiretroviral therapy in Karachi, Pakistan

Mir, Fatima ; Qamar, Farah Naz ; Baig-Ansari, Naila ; [et al.]

Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ; 2014

In: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries Vol. 8, No. 04 ( 2014-04-15), p. 519-525

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In: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, Vol. 8, No. 04 ( 2014-04-15), p. 519-525

Abstract: Introduction: The impact of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy on immunological and growth parameters in HIV-positive children in Pakistan has not been reported to date. Methodology: A retrospective chart review of children diagnosed with HIV at the Sindh AIDS Control Proigramme (SACP) and registered at the Aga Khan University, Karachi, between January 2005 and 2013 was conducted, evaluating clinical and laboratory profiles of HIV+ ARV+ children for ARV impact (serial height and weight CD4 and viral counts). Results: Twenty-four children were diagnosed and registered as HIV positive over five years, and 20 were started on ARV. Six were excluded from analysis (ARV duration 〈 6 months). Nine (64.3%) of 14 fulfilled WHO criteria for treatment failure at a median duration of 25 weeks (IQR 18-32) on ARV and underwent resistance genotyping. All nine had NNRTI resistance, two had high-grade NRTI resistance (≥ 4 thymidine analog mutations). Median age at start of ARV was 71.5 weeks (IQR 37.5-119). Median baseline weight for age (WAZ) and height for age (HAZ) z-scores changed from -1.94 to 1.69 and -1.99 to -1.59, respectively, after six months of therapy. Median CD4 percentage and viral load at baseline changed from 13.8 to 17.8, while viral load changed from 285 × 104 copies to zero at six months. Conclusions: ARV improved absolute CD4 and viral counts. Weight and height did not improve significantly, highlighting the need for aggressive nutritional rehabilitation. Early development of ARV resistance in these children requires formal assessment.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1972-2680

URL: Article

DOI: 10.3855/jidc.3782

Language: Unknown

Publisher: Journal of Infection in Developing Countries

Publication Date: 2014

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2394024-4

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