In:
SVOA Paediatrics, ScienceVolks Limited, Vol. 2, No. 2 ( 2023-04-25), p. 50-58
Abstract:
Background and Objectives: Kawasaki disease (KD) is one of the most common immune vasculitis in children and the leading cause of acquired heart disease, which predominantly occurs in children under the age of 5 years. However, there are fewer cases of KD in infants younger than 6 months, making diagnosis more challenging. The objective is to characterize the clinical presentation and evolution of KD in infants 〈 6 months of age as compared to those ≥6 months in western Algeria. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 62 patients diagnosed with KD in western Algeria followed between January 2018 and January 2023. The data were categorized into 2 groups by age: Group A ( 〈 6 months, n=12) and Group B (≥6 months, n=50). We compared differences in laboratory data, clinical presentation, treatment response, and coronary artery outcomes between the two cohorts. Results: The majority (78%) of infants and children ≥6 months of age were initially diagnosed with KD, as compared to only 33,3% of infants 〈 6 months. Clinical features of KD were more commonly observed in the older cohort: oral changes (90 vs. 75%, P = 0.0023), extremity changes (76 vs. 50 %, P = 0.029), and cervical lymphadenopathy (66 vs. 33.3%, P = 0.0004). Whether treated in the first 10 days of illness or after the 10th day, infants 〈 6 months were at greater risk of developing a coronary artery aneurysm compared to KD patients ≥6 months treated at the same point in the course of illness [≤10 days (55 vs. 8,88 %, P = 0.0001) ; 〉 10 days (66,6 vs. 6,6%, P = 0.046)]. Conclusion: Our data show that despite treatment in the first 10 days of illness, infants 〈 6 months of age have a higher risk of developing a coronary artery aneurysm. Delay in the diagnosis leads to larger coronary artery aneurysms disproportionately in these infants. Thus, suspicion for KD should be high in this vulnerable population.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
2755-1660
DOI:
10.58624/SVOAPD.2023.02.032
Language:
Unknown
Publisher:
ScienceVolks Limited
Publication Date:
2023
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