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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    High Nitrogen Fertilization Modulates Morpho-Physiological Responses, Yield, and Water Productivity of Lowland Rice under Deficit Irrigation
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2021-06-25), p. 1291-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2021-06-25), p. 1291-
    Abstract: Sustainability of rice production under flooding conditions has been challenged by water shortage and food demand. Applying higher nitrogen fertilization could be a practical solution to alleviate the deleterious effects of water stress on lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) in semi-arid conditions. For this purpose, field experiments were conducted during the summer of 2017 and 2018 seasons. These trials were conducted as split-split based on randomized complete blocks design with soil moisture regimes at three levels (120, 100 and 80% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc), nitrogen fertilizers at two levels (N1—165 and N2—200 kg N ha−1) and three lowland Egyptian rice varieties [V1 (Giza178), V2 (Giza177) and V3 (Sakha104)] using three replications. For all varieties, growth (plant height, tillers No, effective tillers no), water status ((relative water content RWC, and membrane stability index, MSI), physiological responses (chlorophyll fluorescence, Relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), and yield were significantly increased with higher addition of nitrogen fertilizer under all water regimes. Variety V1 produced the highest grain yield compared to other varieties and the increases were 38% and 15% compared with V2 and V3, respectively. Increasing nitrogen up to 200 kg N ha−1 (N2) resulted in an increase in grain and straw yields by 12.7 and 18.2%, respectively, compared with N1. The highest irrigation water productivity (IWP) was recorded under I2 (0.89 kg m−3) compared to (0.83 kg m−3) and (0.82 kg m−3) for I1 and I3, respectively. Therefore, the new applied agro-management practice (deficit irrigation and higher nitrogen fertilizer) effectively saved irrigation water input by 50–60% when compared with the traditional cultivation method (flooding system). Hence, the new proposed innovative method for rice cultivation could be a promising strategy for enhancing the sustainability of rice production under water shortage conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy11071291
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    LCMS/MS Phytochemical Profiling, Molecular, Pathological, and Immune-Histochemical Studies on the Anticancer Properties of Annona muricata
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Molecules Vol. 28, No. 15 ( 2023-07-29), p. 5744-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 28, No. 15 ( 2023-07-29), p. 5744-
    Abstract: Annona muricate is a tropical plant that is well-known for its edible fruit of therapeutic interest. LCMS/MS analyses were applied to identify phytoconstituents of the ethanolic extract of the whole fruits and the aqueous extract of the edible fruit part, in addition to the investigation of their anticancer properties against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in male albino mice. LCMS/MS analyses resulted in the identification of 388 components, representing a wide array of classes of compounds, including acetogenins as the major constituents, alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolics. Among them, four compounds were tentatively characterized as new compounds (1–4), including an acid derivative, protocatechuic-coumaroyl-quinic acid (1), and three flavonoid derivatives, dihydromyricetin galloyl hexoside (2), apigenin gallate (3), and dihydromyricetin hexouronic acid hexoside (4). Induction with EAC cells resulted in abnormalities in the gene expression of pro-apoptotic genes (Bax and caspase-3) and anti-apoptotic gene (Bcl-2) in the tumor mass. Moreover, microscopic, histopathological, and immune-histochemical examinations of the tumor mass and liver tissues exhibited extensive growth of malignant Ehrlich carcinoma cells and marked hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes and infiltration by tumor cells to liver tissue with marked inflammatory reaction. These abnormalities were markedly ameliorated aftertreatment of EAC mice with A. muricata extracts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155744
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Chemical constituents from Centaurothamnus maximus and their antimicrobial activity
    Informa UK Limited ; 2023
    In:  Natural Product Research Vol. 37, No. 5 ( 2023-03-04), p. 693-701
    Details
    In: Natural Product Research, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 37, No. 5 ( 2023-03-04), p. 693-701
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1478-6419 , 1478-6427
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2079123
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2185747-7
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  • 4
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    Cytotoxic flavone-C-glycosides from the leaves of Dypsis pembana (H.E.Moore) Beentje & J.Dransf., Arecaceae: in vitro and molecular docking studies
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies Vol. 23, No. 1 ( 2023-06-30)
    Details
    In: BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 23, No. 1 ( 2023-06-30)
    Abstract: Cancer poses a health threat, with an increased incidence worldwide. Thus, it is essential to develop new natural anticancer agents. Dypsis pembana (H.E.Moore) Beentje & J.Dransf (DP) is an ornamental plant belonging to the family Arecaceae. This study aimed to isolate and identify phytoconstituents from the leaves of this plant and evaluate their in vitro cytotoxic activities. Methods Different chromatographic techniques were applied to fractionate the hydro-alcoholic extract of DP and separate the major phytoconstituents. The isolated compounds were structurally elucidated based on their physical and spectroscopic data. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of the crude extract and fractions thereof were evaluated against human colon carcinoma (HCT-116), human breast carcinoma (MCF-7), and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2) cell lines via MTT assay. Moreover, selected isolates were tested against HepG-2 cell line. Molecular docking analysis was performed to investigate the interactions of these compounds with two potential targets, the human topoisomerase IIα and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 enzymes. Results Thirteen diverse compounds were reported for the first time from DP, providing significant chemotaxonomic biomarkers. Among tested compounds, vicenin-II ( 7 ) was the most cytotoxic against HepG-2 cell line, with an IC 50 value of 14.38 µg/mL, followed by isovitexin ( 13 ) (IC 50 of 15.39 µg/mL). These experimental findings were complemented by molecular docking, which demonstrated that vicenin-II exhibited superior enzyme-binding affinities to the studied vital targets and shed light on the structure–activity relationships among the investigated flavone- C -glycosides members. Conclusion The phytochemical profile of DP was characterized for the first time, reflecting chemotaxonomic data about the concerned species, genus, or even the family. Biological and computational findings revealed that vicenin-II and isovitexin are possible lead structures as inhibitors of the human topoisomerase IIα and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 enzymes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2662-7671
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04046-0
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3037610-5
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    UPLC-ESI-MS/MS Profiling and Cytotoxic, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Antidiabetic, and Antiobesity Activities of the Non-Polar Fractions of Salvia hispanica L. Aerial Parts
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Plants Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2023-02-27), p. 1062-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2023-02-27), p. 1062-
    Abstract: Salvia hispanica L. is an annual herbaceous plant commonly known as “Chia”. It has been recommended for therapeutic use because of its use as an excellent source of fatty acids, protein, dietary fibers, antioxidants, and omega-3 fatty acids. A literature survey concerning phytochemical and biological investigations of chia extracts revealed less attention towards the non-polar extracts of S. hispanica L. aerial parts, which motivates us to investigate their phytochemical constituents and biological potentials. The phytochemical investigation of the non-polar fractions of S. hispanica L. aerial parts resulted in the tentative identification of 42 compounds using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis with the isolation of β-sitosterol (1), betulinic acid (2), oleanolic acid (3), and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside (4). GLC-MS analysis of the seeds’ oil showed a high concentration of omega-3 fatty acid, with a percentage of 35.64% of the total fatty acid content in the seed oil. The biological results revealed that the dichloromethane fraction showed promising DPPH radical-scavenging activity (IC50 = 14.73 µg/mL), antidiabetic activity with significant inhibition of the α-amylase enzyme (IC50 673.25 μg/mL), and anti-inflammatory activity using in vitro histamine release assay (IC50 61.8 μg/mL). Furthermore, the dichloromethane fraction revealed moderate cytotoxic activity against human lung cancer cell line (A-549), human prostate carcinoma (PC-3), and colon carcinoma (HCT-116) with IC50s 35.9 ± 2.1 μg/mL, 42.4 ± 2.3 μg/mL, and 47.5 ± 1.3 μg/mL, respectively, and antiobesity activity with IC50 59.3 μg/mL, using pancreatic lipase inhibitory assay. In conclusion, this study’s findings not only shed light on the phytochemical constituents and biological activities of the non-polar fractions of chia but also should be taken as a basis for the future in vivo and clinical studies on the safety and efficacy of chia and its extracts. Further study should be focused towards the isolation of the active principles of the dichloromethane fraction and studying their efficacy, exact mechanism(s), and safety, which could benefit the pharmaceutical industry and folk medicine practitioners who use this plant to cure diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants12051062
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Optimized Conjugation of Fluvastatin to HIV-1 TAT Displays Enhanced Pro-Apoptotic Activity in HepG2 Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 11 ( 2020-06-10), p. 4138-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 11 ( 2020-06-10), p. 4138-
    Abstract: Accumulating evidence indicates that statins reduce the risk of different cancers and inhibit the proliferation of liver cancer cells. This study aims to explore whether the electrostatic conjugation of optimized fluvastatin (FLV) to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) trans-activator transcription peptide (TAT) would enhance the anti-proliferative activity against HepG2 cells. FLV–TAT conjugation was optimized to achieve the lowest size with highest zeta potential. Nine formulae were constructed, using a factorial design with three factors—FLV concentration, TAT concentration, and pH of the medium—while the responses were zeta potential and size. The optimized formula showed a particle size of 199.24 nm and 29.14 mV zeta potential. Data indicates that conjugation of FLV to TAT (optimized formula) significantly enhances anti-proliferative activity and uptake by HepG2 cells when compared to raw FLV. Flow cytometry showed significant accumulation of cells in the pre-G phase, which highlights higher apoptotic activity. Annexin V staining indicated a significant increase in total cell death in early and late apoptosis. This was confirmed by significantly elevated caspase 3 in cells exposed to FLV–TAT preparation. In conclusion, the FLV–TAT optimized formula exhibited improved anti-proliferative action against HepG2. This is partially attributed to the enhanced apoptotic effects and cellular uptake of FLV.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114138
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Metabolic Profiling and In Vitro Assessment of the Biological Activities of the Ethyl Acetate Extract of Penicillium chrysogenum “Endozoic of Cliona sp. Marine Sponge” from the Red Sea (Egypt)
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Marine Drugs Vol. 20, No. 5 ( 2022-05-15), p. 326-
    Details
    In: Marine Drugs, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 5 ( 2022-05-15), p. 326-
    Abstract: Marine sponge-derived endozoic fungi have been gaining increasing importance as promising sources of numerous and unique bioactive compounds. This study investigates the phytochemical profile and biological activities of the ethyl acetate extract of Penicillium chrysogenum derived from Cliona sp. sponge. Thirty-six compounds were tentatively identified from P. chrysogenum ethyl acetate extract along with the kojic acid (KA) isolation. The UPLC-ESI-MS/MS positive ionization mode was used to analyze and identify the extract constituents while 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy were used for kojic acid (KA) structure confirmation. The antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities were assessed in vitro. Both the extract and kojic acid showed potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC 250 ± 0.82 µg/mL. Interestingly, the extract showed strong antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans with MIC 93.75 ± 0.55 and 19.53 ± 0.48 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, KA showed the same potency against Fusarium oxysporum and Cryptococcus neoformans with MIC 39.06 ± 0.85 and 39.06 ± 0.98 µg/mL, respectively. Ultimately, KA showed strong antioxidant activity with IC50 33.7 ± 0.8 µg/mL. Moreover, the extract and KA showed strong cytotoxic activity against colon carcinoma (with IC50 22.6 ± 0.8 and 23.4 ± 1.4 µg/mL, respectively) and human larynx carcinoma (with equal IC50 30.8 ± 1.3 and ± 2.1 µg/mL, respectively), respectively. The current study represents the first insights into the phytochemical profile and biological properties of P. chrysoenum ethyl acetate extract, which could be a promising source of valuable secondary metabolites with potent biological potentials.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-3397
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/md20050326
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175190-0
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 8
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    Prenylated flavonoids from Commiphora opobalsamum stem bark
    Elsevier BV ; 2017
    In:  Phytochemistry Vol. 141 ( 2017-09), p. 80-85
    Details
    In: Phytochemistry, Elsevier BV, Vol. 141 ( 2017-09), p. 80-85
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-9422
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.05.014
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2000313-4
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Metabolites Profiling and In Vitro Biological Characterization of Different Fractions of Cliona sp. Marine Sponge from the Red Sea Egypt
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Molecules Vol. 28, No. 4 ( 2023-02-08), p. 1643-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 28, No. 4 ( 2023-02-08), p. 1643-
    Abstract: Red Sea marine sponges are an important source of biologically active natural products. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate, for the first time, the components of n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate fractions of Cliona sp. marine sponge collected from the Red Sea, Egypt using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS (Ultra-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry) analysis. The analysis revealed the tentative identification of 23, 16, and 24 compounds from the n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate fractions of Cliona sp., respectively. In addition, the examination of these fractions resulted in the isolation and identification of three sterols and one amino acid. The identification of the isolated compounds was confirmed by 1D and 2D NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), and MS (Mass spectrometry), and IR (Infrared) spectroscopy. The in vitro cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of the total ethanolic extract and its sub-fractions were also evaluated. Interestingly, the ethyl acetate fraction showed potent cytotoxic activity against colon (HCT-116) and human larynx carcinoma (HEP-2) cell lines with IC50 (Half-maximal Inhibitory Concentration) 6.11 ± 0.2 and 12.6 ± 0.9 µg/mL, respectively. However, the dichloromethane fraction showed strong antioxidant activity, with IC50 75.53 ± 3.41 µg/mL. Notably, the total ethanolic extract showed the strongest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) 62.5 ± 0.82 and 125 ± 0.62 µg/mL, respectively, compared to other fractions. In conclusion, this is the first report on the secondary metabolites content and biological activities of Cliona sp. from the Red Sea, Egypt. It also highlights the need for further research on the most active fractions against various cancer cell lines and resistant bacterial and fungal strains. Cliona sp. extract and its fractions could be a potential source of novel and safe natural drugs with a wide range of medicinal and pharmaceutical applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041643
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Sterols and Triterpenes from Dobera glabra Growing in Saudi Arabia and Their Cytotoxic Activity
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Plants Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2021-01-08), p. 119-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2021-01-08), p. 119-
    Abstract: A new lupane caffeoyl ester, lup-20(29)-ene 3β-caffeate-30-al (7), and a new oleanane-type triterpene, 3β-hydroxyolean-13(18)-en-12-one (17), were isolated from the aerial parts of Dobera glabra (Forssk), along with ten known triterpenes, including seven lupane-type lupeol (1), 30-nor-lup-3β-ol-20-one (2), ∆1-lupenone (3), lup-20(29)-en-3β,30-diol (4), lupeol caffeate (5), 30-hydroxy lup-20(29)-ene 3β-caffeate (6), and betunaldehyde (8); three oleanane-type compounds were also identified, comprising δ-amyrone (15), δ-amyrin (16), and 11-oxo-β-amyrin (18); together with six sterols, comprising β-sitosterol (9), stigmasterol (10), 7α-hydroxy-β-sitosterol (11), 7α-hydroxy-stigmasterol (12), 7-keto-β-sitosterol (13), and 7-keto-stigmasterol (14). Their structures were elucidated using a variety of spectroscopic techniques, including 1D (1H, 13C, and DEPT-135 13C) and 2D (1H–1H COSY, 1H–13C HSQC, and 1H–13C HMBC) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and accurate mass spectroscopy. Subsequently, the different plant extracts and some of the isolated compounds (1–9, 11 and 13) were investigated for their possible cytotoxic activity in comparison to cisplatin against a wide array of aggressive cancer cell lines, such as colorectal cancer (HCT-116), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2), and prostate cancer (PC-3) cell lines. Compound 11 displayed broad cytotoxicity against all of the tested cell lines (IC50 ≅ 8 µg/mL in all cases), and a high safety margin against normal Vero cells (IC50 = 70 µg/mL), suggesting that 11 may be a highly selective and effective anticancer agent candidate. Notably, the evidence indicated that the mode of action of compound 11 could possibly consist of the inhibition of phosphodiesterase I (80.2% enzyme inhibition observed at 2 µM compound concentration).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants10010119
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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