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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1989
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 86, No. S1 ( 1989-11-01), p. S72-S72
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 86, No. S1 ( 1989-11-01), p. S72-S72
    Abstract: Two conventional measures of an industrial noise environment are the overall sound-pressure level (SPL) and the power spectrum. While these two measures are necessary, they may not be sufficient to describe a noise environment for the purposes of evaluating the hazard to hearing. This presentation will describe the results of an experiment designed to test the hypothesis that for equal SPL and power spectrum a high-kurtosis noise exposure is more hazardous to hearing than is a low-kurtosis noise. Two groups of chinchillas, with two animals per group, were exposed continuously for 5 days, to one of two classes of noise at a 90 dB SPL. The power spectrum of both noises was identical but the noises had different values of kurtosis. The results clearly showed that there was up to a 20 dB greater permanent hearing loss for the animals exposed to the high-kurtosis noise. Detailed results of asymptotic and permanent threshold shifts and sensory cell losses will be presented. These results would appear to be a clear indication that, even for moderate levels of exposure, energy is not a sufficient variable upon which to base noise exposure standards. [Work supported by NIOSH.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1989
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Psychological Association (APA) ; 1977
    In:  Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance Vol. 3, No. 4 ( 1977-11), p. 686-696
    In: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, American Psychological Association (APA), Vol. 3, No. 4 ( 1977-11), p. 686-696
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1939-1277 , 0096-1523
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
    Publication Date: 1977
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2067413-2
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Psychological Association (APA) ; 1976
    In:  Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance Vol. 2, No. 2 ( 1976), p. 267-276
    In: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, American Psychological Association (APA), Vol. 2, No. 2 ( 1976), p. 267-276
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1939-1277 , 0096-1523
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
    Publication Date: 1976
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2067413-2
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1976
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 59, No. S1 ( 1976-04-01), p. S22-S22
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 59, No. S1 ( 1976-04-01), p. S22-S22
    Abstract: We have reported at recent meetings a severe performance decrement in two-channel frequency difference limen tasks. In these studies, d's in both the selective attention and divided attention conditions were significantly depressed relative to monaural levels. When the signals to the two earphone channels were widely separated in frequency (by nine to ten critical bands), the selective attention condition was improved relative to the divided attention condition, yet still significantly below monaural performance levels. When all signals were within the same critical band (or were separated by only two or three critical bands), there were no significant differences between the two dichotic conditions. The present study generated psychometric functions under the selective and divided attention conditions for signals within the same critical band. Using this procedure, differences between the two dichotic listening conditions are evident in both absolute performance levels and in the psychometric functions. The results of the present experiment clearly indicate the need for greater use of adaptive psychophysical methods in the study of dual channel listening. [Research supported by grant NS 10995 from N.I.N.D.S.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1976
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1975
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 57, No. S1 ( 1975-04-01), p. S48-S48
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 57, No. S1 ( 1975-04-01), p. S48-S48
    Abstract: A recent study by Dorman [Percept. Psychophys. 16, 84 (1974)] claimed to demonstrate that the ability of human observers to discriminate intensity differences in the initial portion of a stimulus is dependent upon the presence or absence of a phonetic context to the stimulus. This study rejected backward masking as a factor and conjectured that the phonetic stimulus might have activated a special phonetic process which differed from the normal processing of the acoustic properties of the stimulus, and which resulted in the phonetic information being stored in a relatively inaccessible portion of short-term memory. The Dorman study was replicated using various simple stimuli generated from pure tones and an FM-glide. The results of both studies are discussed in terms of the relevant acoustic properties of the stimuli.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1975
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1976
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 60, No. S1 ( 1976-11-01), p. S49-S49
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 60, No. S1 ( 1976-11-01), p. S49-S49
    Abstract: The ability of trained observers to monitor the sequential inputs to two earphone channels was explored. In the independent same-different frequency discrimination tasks, the two temporally discrete standard stimuli were followed by two temporally discrete comparison stimuli such that the stimulus offset in the first channel was contiguous with the stimulus onset in the second. As with our earlier experiments [Ahroon, Pastore, and Wolz, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 56, S45 (1974)], one-monaural and two-dichotic (selective-attention and divided-attention) listening conditions, temporal separation of the standard and comparison stimuli facilitated performance in the trailing channel in selective attention tasks, but not in the divided attention tasks. However, performance under both dichotic conditions was significantly poorer than monaural performance, with backward interference more disruptive than forward interference. In addition, the data give no support for a model based on an analogue to a real-time computer-interrupt handling system in two-channel discrimination experiments. [Research supported by a graft from NINDS.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1976
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1978
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 64, No. S1 ( 1978-11-01), p. S108-S108
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 64, No. S1 ( 1978-11-01), p. S108-S108
    Abstract: There are several published studies demonstrating significant gender differences in susceptibility to noise-induced temporary threshold shifts. Dieroff [Arc. Ohren Nas. Kehlk. 177, 282 (1961)] has noted that women apparently are more resistant to the effects of noise and therefore has advocated that women may be safely assigned to work in noisier environments than may men. Ward [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 40, 478 (1966)] has noted a frequency by gender interaction and has hypothesized that female observers may have more efficient middle-ear muscles than men providing more protection against low-frequency components of noise but less protection at higher frequencies. There have been several attempts to describe changes in hearing which appear to correlate with the normal or imposed menstrual cycle. The present study applied statistical procedures developed for description of and inferences about time-dependent variables (not used in earlier studies) to an analysis of possible changes in susceptibility to NITTS which correlate with the normal menstrual cycle. The results are discussed in relation to occupational safety and health standards and practical implications of menstrual correlates of changes in auditory perception. [Research supported by NIH.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1978
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1974
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 56, No. S1 ( 1974-11-01), p. S45-S45
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 56, No. S1 ( 1974-11-01), p. S45-S45
    Abstract: The ability of trained observers to monitor two channels in a frequency discrimination inclusive OR paradigm was examined, using clearly detectable signals. The various discrimination tasks involved both (1) the simultaneous monitoring and (2) the single-channel monitoring of simultaneous, independently presented signal events in each earphone channel, as well as (3) the monitoring of events restricted to a single fixed channel. The effects of critical bandwidth limitations on the ability of the observer to perform the tasks was explored. The results are compared with those of two-channel detection tasks in which the ability of the observers to perform is effected by signal frequency separation relative to the critical bandwidth.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1974
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1975
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 58, No. S1 ( 1975-11-01), p. S84-S84
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 58, No. S1 ( 1975-11-01), p. S84-S84
    Abstract: In the second in a series of studies examining the ability of human observers to perform two independent dichotic frequency difference limen tasks, the effect of separating the base frequencies was examined. We reported earlier [W.A. Ahroon, R.E. Pastore, and J.P. Wolz, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 56, 545 (1974)] that trained observers performed no better during dichotic stimulation when attending to one frequency difference limen task than when they attempted to attend to both channels, when the base frequencies were either within the same critical band or separated by only two or three critical bands. The present study examined the effect of widely separating (by nine to ten critical bands) the base frequencies in the two-channel frequency difference limen task. Observers again showed a decrement in performance in the selective attention condition relative to monaural performance. However, this d ecrement did not seem as great as the decrement for the binaural (shared attention) condition. Selective attention continued to be impaired although not as greatly as when the two tasks involve frequency discriminations in the same critical band. [Work supported by NINDS.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1975
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1975
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 58, No. S1 ( 1975-11-01), p. S84-S84
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 58, No. S1 ( 1975-11-01), p. S84-S84
    Abstract: In a recent series of reaction time studies, Wood has claimed to have found evidence supporting a hybrid serial-parallel model for the processing of acoustic and phonetic information [e.g., C.C. Wood, Percept. Psychophys. 15, 501–508 (1974)]. According to this model, following a preliminary analysis, acoustic and phonetic information are processed in parallel. This paper describes a set of experiments using clearly non-phonetic stimuli which replicate and extend the basic results of the Wood studies. We reject the assumption of the involvement of phonetic processes in the Wood studies. Rather, we claim that Wood has described a basic characteristic of the auditory system which cannot be explained in terms of known recency or nonsimultaneous “recognition-masking” effects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1975
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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