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  • 1
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    Evaluating the Spatial Distribution of Some Toxic Substances Concentration with the Microbial Contamination of Wetland Water, Sediment and Fishes, and Their Potential Health Hazards
    American Scientific Publishers ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy Vol. 16, No. 6 ( 2022-12-01), p. 864-882
    Details
    In: Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy, American Scientific Publishers, Vol. 16, No. 6 ( 2022-12-01), p. 864-882
    Abstract: This study evaluated the impact of anthropogenic factors on the accumulation of toxic materials in wetland. The wetland was micro-zoned into five sub-regions, namely; NDE, ISN, ISS, UGS and BUR. Sediment, water and fishes (catfish and tilapia) were sampled from each locality. Heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Fe, Pb and Zn) and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) of the samples were determined. The pollution indices (Bioaccumulation quotient “BQ”, contamination factor “CF”, geoaccumulation index “Igeo”, enrichment factor “EF” and Pollution load index “PLI”) and potential health risks (Metal Pollution Index “MPL”, Estimated Daily Intake “EDI”, Total Health hazard quotient “THQ” and Hazard index “HI”) of the water, sediment and fish flesh were calculated appropriately. The results revealed that the wetland fishes contained viable bacteria which ranged between 1362.0 cfu/g and 2634.3 cfu/g. Heavy metal level ranking in the sediment and water was Fe 〉 Zn 〉 Cu 〉 Pb 〉 Ni 〉 Cr 〉 Cd. Spatially, the heavy metals concentration in the water, sediment and fish followed the order: BUR 〉 UGS 〉 ISN 〉 ISS 〉 NDE. The TPH concentration in water, sediment and fishes differed significantly across the five sub-regions ( p ≤ 0.05), and its value ranged from 3.44 mg/kg to 99.38 mg/kg for the catfish, 2.08 mg/kg to 83.73 mg/kg for the tilapia, 25.34 mg/kg to 718.87 mg/kg for the sediment and 0.016 mg/kg to 1.099 mg/kg for the water. Spatial ranking of the TPH levels in the fish flesh was BUR 〉 UGS 〉 ISN 〉 NDE 〉 ISS; sediment TPH level ranked BUR 〉 UGS 〉 NDE 〉 ISN 〉 ISS; and the water TPH level ranked BUR 〉 UGS 〉 ISN 〉 ISS 〉 NDE. Human health risks associated with the consumption of the wetland fish ranked thus BUR 〉 UGS 〉 ISN 〉 NDE 〉 ISS. It was evident from the results that anthropogenic actions from resulting poor regional planning had significant effect on environmental health. The results called for environmental protection for public interest in order to prevent disease epidemics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1556-6560
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1166/jbmb.2022.2240
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Scientific Publishers
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Quality, Chemical Composition, Microbiological and Sensory Assessments of Stored Mackerel Fish (Rastrelliger kanagurta) Products
    American Scientific Publishers ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2022-02-01), p. 111-116
    Details
    In: Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy, American Scientific Publishers, Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2022-02-01), p. 111-116
    Abstract: This study focused on the quality, chemical composition, microbiological population, and sensory assessments of stored mackerel fish products such as bouillon and sauce during the cold storage (4 °C) condition throughout the 12 month of storage period. The fish contains appreciable amounts of moisture content (71.33 g/100 g), protein content (22.55 g/100 g) and fat content (4.60 g/100 g), whereas the ash content and carbohydrate was recorded 1.23 g/100 g, and 0.29 g/100 g respectively. The results of the present study showed that the proximate chemical compositions of storage of both products generally increased at the end of the storage period to reach 10.05 g/100 g for protein content, 61.29 g/100 g for carbohydrate, and 17.01 g/100 g for ash content in stock powder. Besides, the sauce has detected an increase in protein content (4.05 g/100 g), fat content (21.12 g/100 g), ash content (3.41 g/100 g) and carbohydrate (15.09 g/100 g) respectively. The counts of Fecal coliform bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus were less than 10 indicating the good hygienic quality of the developed products. The total aerobic plate counts were significantly ( p 〈 0005) higher in mackerel fish sauce (3.0×102 CFU/g) compared to stock powder (1.5×102 CFU/g). Yeast counts were found higher in mackerel sauce (1.9×102 CFU/g) compared to mackerel stock powder (1.2×102 CFU/g) at the end of storage period. The sensory score was slightly reduced after the storage period. In mackerel fish sauce, the long storage period had adversely affected the appearance (8.25), color (8.75) and odor (8.45) of the product, whereas, it enhanced the taste 9.00, and did not affect the texture (8.75) and overall acceptability (8.70). Overall, scores of all sensory attributes of both products were high indicating the acceptability of these products by panellists. The date showed the benefits mackerel fish products and their availability after storage for 12 months.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1556-6560
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1166/jbmb.2022.2161
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Scientific Publishers
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 3
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    The prevalence of sedentary behavior among university students in Saudi Arabia
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2024
    In:  BMC Public Health Vol. 24, No. 1 ( 2024-02-26)
    Details
    In: BMC Public Health, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 24, No. 1 ( 2024-02-26)
    Abstract: A considerable body of research has demonstrated that reducing sitting time benefits health. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the prevalence of sedentary behavior (SB) and its patterns. Methods A total of 6975 university students (49.1% female) were chosen randomly to participate in a face-to-face interview. The original English version of the sedentary behavior questionnaire (SBQ) was previously translated into Arabic. Then, the validated Arabic version of the SBQ was used to assess SB. The Arabic SBQ included 9 types of SB (watching television, playing computer/video games, sitting while listening to music, sitting and talking on the phone, doing paperwork or office work, sitting and reading, playing a musical instrument, doing arts and crafts, and sitting and driving/riding in a car, bus or train) on weekdays and weekends. Results SBQ indicated that the total time of SB was considerably high (478.75 ± 256.60 and 535.86 ± 316.53 (min/day) during weekdays and weekends, respectively). On average, participants spent the most time during the day doing office/paperwork (item number 4) during weekdays (112.47 ± 111.11 min/day) and weekends (122.05 ± 113.49 min/day), followed by sitting time in transportation (item number 9) during weekdays (78.95 ± 83.25 min/day) and weekends (92.84 ± 100.19 min/day). The average total sitting time of the SBQ was 495.09 ± 247.38 (min/day) and 58.4% of the participants reported a high amount of sitting time (≥ 7 hours/day). Independent t-test showed significant differences ( P ≤ 0.05) between males and females in all types of SB except with doing office/paperwork (item number 4). The results also showed that male students have a longer daily sitting time (521.73 ± 236.53 min/day) than females (467.38 ± 255.28 min/day). Finally, 64.1% of the males reported a high amount of sitting time (≥ 7 hours/day) compared to females (52.3%). Conclusion In conclusion, the total mean length of SB in minutes per day for male and female university students was considerably high. About 58% of the population appeared to spend ≥7 h/day sedentary. Male university students are likelier to sit longer than female students. Our findings also indicated that SB and physical activity interventions are needed to raise awareness of the importance of adopting an active lifestyle and reducing sitting time.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1471-2458
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18107-7
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041338-5
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  • 4
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    Effect of Some Growth Stimulants and Different Levels of Potassium and Biofertilizer on Growth Aspects, Bulb Yield and Quality Attributes of Onion ( Allium cepa L.)
    American Scientific Publishers ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy Vol. 16, No. 2 ( 2022-04-01), p. 207-217
    Details
    In: Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy, American Scientific Publishers, Vol. 16, No. 2 ( 2022-04-01), p. 207-217
    Abstract: Onion ( Allium cepa L.) is the most widely cultivated species of the Allium genus. Onion is rich in many vital nutrients and sulfur (S)-containing several compounds important for human health. Recently, Allium species requirements have gained special attention in this special time due to its export importance. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of the recommended dose of potassium (100% KRD) against three lower levels of potassium mixed with Bacillus circulans , potassium solubilizing bacteria (80% KRD+biofertilizer, 60% KRD+biofertilizer or 40% KRD+ biofertilizer, as well as foliar applications of copper (Cu), boron (B) or putrescine (Put) that have great impacts on yield, quality and onion attributes.The highest level of potassium (100% KRD) resulted in the highest growth parameters and the richest leaves content in N, P, K, S, B, Cu, and carbohydrates, yield, as well as the best quality parameters of bulbs. All growth and yield parameters decreased gradually with reducing the levels of K fertilization. Foliar spraying of Cu, B, and Put combined with all different levels of K fertilizer improved all plant parameters. The highest impact on plant growth was due to Put followed by B at all levels of soil fertilization. Plants that were exogenously sprayed with Put and B exhibited an increase in N, P, K, B, and carbohydrates under different levels of fertilizers, while foliar application with Cu highly increased S and Cu in onion leaves with all levels of K fertilization. The combined treatment of B and all different levels of K fertilizer considerably improved all yield measurements, except with allyl propyl disulfide, which estimated a highly significant increase with Put foliar application coupled with 40% KRD+Bio. In a nutshell, exogenous Put, B, and Cu foliar applications on onion plants increased bulb yield and its quality attributes with the recommended level of potassium or lower recommended levels of K mixed with biofertilizer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1556-6560
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1166/jbmb.2022.2170
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Scientific Publishers
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 5
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    Anticancer Effects of Honey Varieties on Human Cells by Studying Some Physical Parameters, Hydrogen Peroxide Content, Catalase, Glucose Oxidase, and Microbial Activities
    American Scientific Publishers ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy Vol. 17, No. 2 ( 2023-04-01), p. 160-166
    Details
    In: Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy, American Scientific Publishers, Vol. 17, No. 2 ( 2023-04-01), p. 160-166
    Abstract: The present work studied the anticancer effects of four honey varieties on human cells by studying some physical parameters, hydrogen peroxide content, catalase, glucose oxidase, and microbial activities. Honey samples were (nigella sativa, moringa, sidr, pumpkin), which were coded as NS, MO, SI, and PU honey, respectively. The tested bacterial isolates Staphylococcus aureus , and Enterococcus faecalis were used for microbial activities. Two types of human cells, breast, and colon adenocarcinoma cell lines were used for anticancer properties. SI Honey samples showed the lowest value for electrical conductivity 3.19 μ S cm −1 . PU Honey samples recorded the highest value for hydrogen peroxide contents 1582.05 μ M, while SI Honey reported a similar trend of 1501.51 μ M. The values of catalase enzyme activity ranged from 2.78 U/g in SI Honey to 3.91 U/g in MO Honey. Glucose oxidase activity ranged from 4.12 U/g in NS Honey samples to 10.55 U/g in MO Honey. The highest antibacterial activity was detected by SI Honey with a zone of inhibition value of 14.99 mm against Staphylococcus aureus . PU Honey was the best to inhibit the microbial loud of Enterococcus faecalis 7.93 mm. SI Honey was the most effective against breast adenocarcinoma cells (IC 50 66.15 μ g/mL), on the same trend MO Honey was the most effective against colon adenocarcinoma cells (IC 50 45.13 μ g/mL). While NS Honey recorded lower efficiency against both breast and colon adenocarcinoma cancer cells IC 50 95.13 μ g/mL and IC 50 87.66 μ g/mL, respectively. The control detected the lowest cytotoxic effects on both breast and colon adenocarcinoma cancer cells IC 50 112.33 μ g/mL and IC 50 203.97 μ g/mL, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1556-6560
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1166/jbmb.2023.2272
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Scientific Publishers
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 6
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    Molecular detection of methicillin heat-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in pasteurized camel milk in Saudi Arabia
    Portland Press Ltd. ; 2020
    In:  Bioscience Reports Vol. 40, No. 4 ( 2020-04-30)
    Details
    In: Bioscience Reports, Portland Press Ltd., Vol. 40, No. 4 ( 2020-04-30)
    Abstract: Antibiotic- and heat-resistant bacteria in camel milk is a potential public health problem. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an opportunistic pathogen in humans, dairy cattle and camels. We characterized the phenotype and genotype of methicillin-resistant staphylococcal strains recovered from pasteurized and raw camel milk (as control) distributed in the retail markets of Saudi Arabia. Of the 100 samples assessed between March and May 2016, 20 S. aureus isolates were recovered from pasteurized milk, 10 of which were resistant to cefoxitin, and as such, were methicillin-resistant. However, raw camel milk did not contain methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests showed that the resistance ratio for other antibiotics was 60%. We performed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using primers for the methicillin-resistant gene mecA and nucleotide sequencing to detect and verify the methicillin-resistant strains. Basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) analysis of the gene sequences showed a 96–100% similarity between the resistant isolates and the S. aureus CS100 strain’s mecA gene. Ten of the methicillin-resistant isolates were heat-resistant and were stable at temperatures up to 85°C for 60 s, and three of these were resistant at 90°C for 60 or 90 s. The mean decimal reduction time (D85-value) was 111 s for the ten isolates. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) showed that there was no difference in the total protein profiles for the ten methicillin heat-resistant S. aureus (MHRSA) isolates and for S. aureus ATCC 29737. In conclusion, a relatively high percentage of the tested pasteurized camel milk samples contained S. aureus (20%) and MHRSA (10%).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0144-8463 , 1573-4935
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1042/BSR20193470
    Language: English
    Publisher: Portland Press Ltd.
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2014993-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
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    Anti-Biofilms’ Activity of Garlic and Thyme Essential Oils against Salmonella typhimurium
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 7 ( 2022-03-28), p. 2182-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 7 ( 2022-03-28), p. 2182-
    Abstract: Biofilm control by essential oil (EO) application has recently increased to preclude biofilm production on foods and environmental surfaces. In this work, the anti-biofilm effects of garlic and thyme essential oils using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method against Salmonella typhimurium recovered from different abattoir samples were investigated along with the virulence genes (InvA, SdiA and Stn genes), and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of S. typhimurium as well. The obtained results revealed that S. typhimurium contaminated abattoir samples to varying degrees. The InvA gene was investigated in all isolates, whereas the SdiA and Stn genes were observed in four and three isolates, respectively. Utilizing the disc diffusion method, S. typhimurium isolates demonstrated substantial resistance to most of the examined antibiotics with a high multiple antibiotic resistance index. S. typhimurium isolates demonstrated biofilm formation abilities to various degrees at varied temperatures levels (4 °C and 37 °C). In conclusion, the obtained samples from the research area are regarded as a potential S. typhimurium contamination source. Furthermore, garlic essential oil (GEO) has more potential to inhibit S. typhimurium biofilm at different sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations as compared to thyme essential oil (TEO). Therefore, these EOs are considered as potential natural antibacterial options that could be applied in food industry.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072182
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Impact of Heating Temperature on the Crystallization, Structural, Pasting, and Hydration Properties of Pre-Gelatinized Adlay Flour and Its Implementation in Instant Porridge Product
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Crystals Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2022-05-12), p. 689-
    Details
    In: Crystals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2022-05-12), p. 689-
    Abstract: Pre-gelatinization by using an autoclave is the simplest lab-scale method for preparing instant flour from adlay. The effect of heating temperatures (60 °C, 80 °C, and 100 °C) on the structural and pasting properties of pre-gelatinized adlay flour was studied. Moreover, the sensory acceptability of instant porridge prepared from this flour was investigated. Results showed that the shapes of starch granules of pre-gelatinized adlay flour started to disappear at a temperature of 80 °C. However, the crystallinity of the flour gelatinized at 60 °C was higher than that of flours gelatinized at other temperatures. The treatment increased water absorption, water solubility, and swelling power of pre-gelatinized adlay flour. It changed the pasting properties of pre-gelatinized adlay flour and decreased the lightness of pre-gelatinized adlay flour. Overall, the panelists preferred the instant porridge made from pre-gelatinized adlay flour prepared from 100 °C
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4352
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cryst12050689
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661516-2
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Effectiveness of plant oil in stabilizing the antioxidants, phenolic compounds and antimicrobial effects of groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L) oil
    American Scientific Publishers ; 2023
    In:  Materials Express Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2023-04-01), p. 704-716
    Details
    In: Materials Express, American Scientific Publishers, Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2023-04-01), p. 704-716
    Abstract: This study appraised the biological qualities of blended groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) oil to determine its nutritional and pharmaceutical applications. Two sets of oils were produced; one with 100% groundnut kernels and the other produced by blending 500 g of groundnut kernels, with 100 g of onion bulbs, 100 g of ginger and 50 g of pepper. Three heavy metals (iron, lead and copper), iodine value, nitrate, thirteen phenolic compounds, thirteen antioxidants compounds, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and antimicrobial actions of both the fortified (FGKO) and the unfortified (GKO) groundnut oil were quantified. The results revealed that the fortified oil developed significantly ( p ≤ 0.05) higher concentrations of phenolic compounds, antioxidants parameters, iodine value, antimicrobial actions and TBARS than the unfortified oil, which it (FGKO) maintained throughout the storage period. Conversely, the GKO had significantly ( p ≤ 0.05) higher heavy metals and nitrate concentrations than the FGKO. This portrayed that the combination of ginger, onions and pepper oils greatly enhanced the groundnut oil’s quality. The oils (GKO and FGKO) antioxidants followed an increasing concentration trend: ascorbic acid 〈 proanthocyanin 〈 β -carotene 〈 resveratrol 〈 isoflavonoids 〈 Flavone 〈 tocopherol 〈 catechin 〈 kaempferol 〈 aglycone 〈 gallocatechin 〈 ribalinidine 〈 lunamarin, revealing that the oils had high Gallocatechin, Ribalinidine and Lunamarin concentrations, and low ascorbic acid and proanthocyanin concentrations. Likewise, the oils phenolic compounds concentration followed this increment pattern: quercetin 〈 naringenin 〈 anthocyanin 〈 rutin 〈 ferulic acid 〈 sapogenin 〈 spartein 〈 vanillic acid 〈 luteolin 〈 hydroxytyrosol 〈 epicatechin 〈 coumaric acid 〈 ellagic acid. The findings revealed that the FGKO had a lot of preservative, medicinal and nutritional values, when compared to the GKO. These results portrayed the potential of using low-cost agricultural materials for promising and novel use in the production of nutrients rich oils. The hybridization of ginger, onions and pepper oils will be a good replacement for synthetic materials in improving oil qualities, thus eliminating the high risk factors associated with the introduction of synthetic blending materials. The FGKO has these potentials in the food industry: enhancement of food shelf life though inhibition of food spoilage agents, nutrients booster and natural flavor agent.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2158-5849
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1166/mex.2023.2389
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Scientific Publishers
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2905325-0
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Validity and reliability of the Arabic sedentary behavior questionnaire among university students aged between 18–30 years old
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  BMC Public Health Vol. 23, No. 1 ( 2023-01-18)
    Details
    In: BMC Public Health, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 23, No. 1 ( 2023-01-18)
    Abstract: The study aimed to test the validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the sedentary behavior questionnaire (SBQ). Methods A total of 624 university students (273 males; 351 females, mean age = 20.8 years) were recruited from Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia. For criterion and constructive validity ( n  = 352), the Arabic SBQ was compared with total sitting time from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-short form (IPAQ-SF) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-long form (IPAQ-LF). For concurrent validity, the English and Arabic SBQ versions were given concurrently to bilingual university students ( n  = 122) once. For test–retest reliability, the Arabic SBQ was given twice to participants ( n  = 150) at a one-week interval. Results Sitting time of IPAQ-SF (7 th question: sitting time on weekdays) and IPAQ-LF (21 st question: sitting time on weekdays and 22 nd question: sitting time on weekends) correlated significantly with total sitting time/week of the Arabic SBQ ( r  = 0.29, p = 0.003; r  = 0.14, p  = 0.02, respectively). Motorized transportation measured with the IPAQ-LF correlated significantly with time spent driving in a car, bus, or train from the Arabic SBQ on weekdays and weekends ( r  = 0.53, p   〈  0.001; r  = 0.44 p   〈  0.001, respectively). The total sitting time of the Arabic SBQ was inversely correlated with BMI ( r  = -0.18, p  = 0.001). The correlations between the Arabic and the English SBQ versions ranged from 0.25–0.96; p   〈  0.001 on weekdays and 0.50–0.90; p   〈  0.001 on weekends. Moderate to good reliability was also found between test and retest for all SBQ items and total score during weekdays (0.72 to 0.8), and weekends (0.64 to 0.87), with exception of the 7 th item "play musical instrument", ICC = 0.46). Mean difference of test–retest of the Arabic SBQ was not significantly different from zero for the total sitting time of the Arabic SBQ (t = -0.715, P  = 0.476). Conclusion The Arabic SBQ had satisfactory levels of reliability, with total sitting time of the Arabic SBQ correlating significantly with sitting times derived from IPAQ-SF, IPAQ-LF, and the English SBQ versions. Hence, the Arabic SBQ can be used as a tool to measure sedentary behavior among adult Arabs aged between 18 to 30 years old in future epidemiologic and clinical practice.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1471-2458
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15030-1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041338-5
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