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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Regulation of metabolic genes in human skeletal muscle by short-term exercise and diet manipulation
    American Physiological Society ; 2004
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism Vol. 287, No. 1 ( 2004-07), p. E25-E31
    Details
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, American Physiological Society, Vol. 287, No. 1 ( 2004-07), p. E25-E31
    Abstract: Changes in dietary macronutrient intake alter muscle and blood substrate availability and are important for regulating gene expression. However, few studies have examined the effects of diet manipulation on gene expression in human skeletal muscle. The aim of this study was to quantify the extent to which altering substrate availability impacts on subsequent mRNA abundance of a subset of carbohydrate (CHO)- and fat-related genes. Seven subjects consumed either a low- (LOW; 0.7 g/kg body mass CHO) or high- (HIGH; 10 g/kg body mass CHO) CHO diet for 48 h after performing an exhaustive exercise bout to deplete muscle glycogen stores. After intervention, resting muscle and blood samples were taken. Muscle was analyzed for the gene abundances of GLUT4, glycogenin, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK-4), fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36), carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (β-HAD), and uncoupling binding protein-3 (UCP3), and blood samples for glucose, insulin, and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations. Glycogen-depleting exercise and HIGH-CHO resulted in a 300% increase in muscle glycogen content ( P 〈 0.001) relative to the LOW-CHO condition. FFA concentrations were twofold higher after LOW- vs. HIGH-CHO ( P 〈 0.05). The exercise-diet manipulation exerted a significant effect on transcription of all carbohydrate-related genes, with an increase in GLUT4 and glycogenin mRNA abundance and a reduction in PDK-4 transcription after HIGH-CHO (all P 〈 0.05). FAT/CD36 ( P 〈 0.05) and UCP3 ( P 〈 0.01) gene transcriptions were increased following LOW-CHO. We conclude that 1) there was a rapid capacity for a short-term exercise and diet intervention to exert coordinated changes in the mRNA transcription of metabolic related genes, and 2) genes involved in glucose regulation are increased following a high-carbohydrate diet.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0193-1849 , 1522-1555
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00557.2003
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477331-4
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    Effects of carbohydrate ingestion before and during exercise on glucose kinetics and performance
    American Physiological Society ; 2000
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 89, No. 6 ( 2000-12-01), p. 2220-2226
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 89, No. 6 ( 2000-12-01), p. 2220-2226
    Abstract: We investigated the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion before and during exercise and in combination on glucose kinetics, metabolism and performance in seven trained men, who cycled for 120 min (SS) at ∼63% of peak power output, followed by a 7 kJ/kg body wt time trial (TT). On four separate occasions, subjects received either a placebo beverage before and during SS (PP); placebo 30 min before and 2 g/kg body wt of CHO in a 6.4% CHO solution throughout SS (PC); 2 g/kg body wt of CHO in a 25.7% CHO beverage 30 min before and placebo throughout SS (CP); or 2 g/kg body wt of CHO in a 25.7% CHO beverage 30 min before and 2 g/kg of CHO in a 6.4% CHO solution throughout SS (CC). Ingestion of CC and CP markedly ( 〉 8 mM) increased plasma glucose concentration ([glucose]) compared with PP and PC (5 mM). However, plasma [glucose] fell rapidly at the onset of SS so that after 80 min it was similar (6 mM) between all treatments. After this time, plasma [glucose] declined in both PP and CP ( P 〈 0.05) but was well maintained in both CC and PC. Ingestion of CC and CP increased rates of glucose appearance (R a ) and disappearance (R d ) compared with PP and PC at the onset of, and early during, SS ( P 〈 0.05). However, late in SS, both glucose R a and R d were higher in CC and PC compared with other trials ( P 〈 0.05). Although calculated rates of glucose oxidation were different when comparing the four trials ( P 〈 0.05), total CHO oxidation and total fat oxidation were similar. Despite this, TT was improved in CC and PC compared with PP ( P 〈 0.05). We conclude that 1) preexercise ingestion of CHO improves performance only when CHO ingestion is maintained throughout exercise, and 2) ingestion of CHO during 120 min of cycling improves subsequent TT performance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/jappl.2000.89.6.2220
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Effect of Caffeine Co-Ingested with Carbohydrate or Fat on Metabolism and Performance in Endurance-Trained Men
    Wiley ; 2001
    In:  Experimental Physiology Vol. 86, No. 1 ( 2001-01), p. 137-144
    Details
    In: Experimental Physiology, Wiley, Vol. 86, No. 1 ( 2001-01), p. 137-144
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0958-0670
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1113/eph8602072
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1493802-9
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pacing strategy in simulated cycle time-trials is based on perceived rather than actual distance
    Elsevier BV ; 2001
    In:  Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 4, No. 2 ( 2001-6), p. 212-219
    Details
    In: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, Elsevier BV, Vol. 4, No. 2 ( 2001-6), p. 212-219
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1440-2440
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/S1440-2440(01)80031-1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2230157-4
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Regulation of fuel metabolism by preexercise muscle glycogen content and exercise intensity
    American Physiological Society ; 2004
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 97, No. 6 ( 2004-12), p. 2275-2283
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 97, No. 6 ( 2004-12), p. 2275-2283
    Abstract: To date, the results of studies that have examined the effects of altering preexercise muscle glycogen content and exercise intensity on endogenous carbohydrate oxidation are equivocal. Differences in the training status of subjects between investigations may, in part, explain these inconsistent findings. Accordingly, we determined the relative effects of exercise intensity and carbohydrate availability on patterns of fuel utilization in the same subjects who performed a random order of four 60-min rides, two at 45% and two at 70% of peak O 2 uptake (V̇o 2 peak ), after exercise-diet intervention to manipulate muscle glycogen content. Preexercise muscle glycogen content was 596 ± 43 and 202 ± 21 mmol/kg dry mass ( P 〈 0.001) for high-glycogen (HG) and low-glycogen (LG) conditions, respectively. Respiratory exchange ratio was higher for HG than LG during exercise at both 45% (0.85 ± 0.01 vs. 0.74 ± 0.01; P 〈 0.001) and 70% (0.90 ± 0.01 vs. 0.79 ± 0.01; P 〈 0.001) of V̇o 2 peak . The contribution of whole body muscle glycogen oxidation to energy expenditure differed between LG and HG for exercise at both 45% (5 ± 2 vs. 45 ± 5%; P 〈 0.001) and 70% (25 ± 3 vs. 60 ± 3%; P 〈 0.001) of V̇o 2 peak . Yet, despite marked differences in preexercise muscle glycogen content and its subsequent utilization, rates of plasma glucose disappearance were similar under all conditions. We conclude that, in moderately trained individuals, muscle glycogen availability (low vs. high) does not influence rates of plasma glucose disposal during either low- or moderate-intensity exercise.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00421.2004
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
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  • 6
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    Effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolism during running and cycling
    American Physiological Society ; 2001
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 91, No. 5 ( 2001-11-01), p. 2125-2134
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 91, No. 5 ( 2001-11-01), p. 2125-2134
    Abstract: The effects of carbohydrate or water ingestion on metabolism were investigated in seven male subjects during two running and two cycling trials lasting 60 min at individual lactate threshold using indirect calorimetry, U- 14 C-labeled tracer-derived measures of the rates of oxidation of plasma glucose, and direct determination of mixed muscle glycogen content from the vastus lateralis before and after exercise. Subjects ingested 8 ml/kg body mass of either a 6.4% carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CHO) or water 10 min before exercise and an additional 2 ml/kg body mass of the same fluid after 20 and 40 min of exercise. Plasma glucose oxidation was greater with CHO than with water during both running (65 ± 20 vs. 42 ± 16 g/h; P 〈 0.01) and cycling (57 ± 16 vs. 35 ± 12 g/h; P 〈 0.01). Accordingly, the contribution from plasma glucose oxidation to total carbohydrate oxidation was greater during both running (33 ± 4 vs. 23 ± 3%; P 〈 0.01) and cycling (36 ± 5 vs. 22 ± 3%; P 〈 0.01) with CHO ingestion. However, muscle glycogen utilization was not reduced by the ingestion of CHO compared with water during either running (112 ± 32 vs. 141 ± 34 mmol/kg dry mass) or cycling (227 ± 36 vs. 216 ± 39 mmol/kg dry mass). We conclude that, compared with water, 1) the ingestion of carbohydrate during running and cycling enhanced the contribution of plasma glucose oxidation to total carbohydrate oxidation but 2) did not attenuate mixed muscle glycogen utilization during 1 h of continuous submaximal exercise at individual lactate threshold.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/jappl.2001.91.5.2125
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Reduced Neuromuscular Activity with Carbohydrate Ingestion during Constant Load Cycling
    Human Kinetics ; 2004
    In:  International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2004-04), p. 161-170
    Details
    In: International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, Human Kinetics, Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2004-04), p. 161-170
    Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of carbohydrate ingestion before and during intense constant load cycling to volitional fatigue on surface electromyographic (sEMG) activity from the vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VM) muscles. After 24-h diet and training control, 8 well-trained subjects [maximal O 2 uptake (VO 2max ) 66 ± 2 ml · kg –1 · min –1 ; mean ± SD ] ingested 8 ml · kg –1 of either a 6.4% carbohydrate-electrolyte (CHO) or a placebo (PLA) solution immediately before, followed by 2 ml · kg –1 of the same solution every 15 min while cycling to exhaustion at 84 ± 1% of VO 2max . Exercise time to fatigue was 13% longer with CHO ingestion compared to PLA (58:54 ± 8:48 vs. 51:18 ± 5:54 min:s, NS). VO 2 (4.22 ± 0.11 vs. 4.20 ± 0.14 L · min –1 ), heart rate (172 ± 4 vs. 176 ± 4 beats · min –1 ), ratings of perceived effort (18 ± 0.1 vs. 19 ± 0.1), and rates of carbohydrate oxidation (314 ± 28 vs. 324 ± 26 μmol · kg –1 · min –1 ) were similar for both PLA and CHO at exhaustion. There was no main treatment effect of CHO ingestion on blood glucose or lactate concentrations, nor plasma prolactin levels either during exercise or at fatigue. However, CHO ingestion attenuated the rise in EMG root mean square (RMS) activity during the latter stages ( 〉 45 min) of exercise and at the point of exhaustion for both VM (0.325 ± 0.010 vs. 0.403 ± 0.020 mV; p = .006) and VL (0.298 ± 0.011 vs. 0.370 ± 0.007 mV; p = .0004). We conclude that in well-trained subjects, the ingestion of carbohydrate attenuated the increase in surface electromyographic activity during intense, constant load cycling leading to exhaustion in ~1 h. The precise mechanism(s) underlying this effect cannot be attributed to alterations in CHO availability but, instead, may be linked to changes in afferent sensory input.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1526-484X , 1543-2742
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.14.2.161
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Human Kinetics
    Publication Date: 2004
    SSG: 31
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Reviews of Books
    Informa UK Limited ; 2019
    In:  Bulletin of Spanish Studies Vol. 96, No. 4 ( 2019-04-21), p. 697-735
    Details
    In: Bulletin of Spanish Studies, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 96, No. 4 ( 2019-04-21), p. 697-735
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1475-3820 , 1478-3428
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/14753820.2019.1622924
    RVK:
    IA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2102149-1
    SSG: 5,3
    SSG: 7,34
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