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  • 1
    In: Tumors of female reproductive system, Publishing House ABV Press, Vol. 19, No. 1 ( 2023-06-25), p. 48-55
    Abstract:    Background.  BRCA-associated triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is considered one of the most aggressive subtypes of breast cancer with high sensitivity to chemotherapy, which leads to increased interest in finding new treatment options for patients with this subtype of breast cancer.    Aim.  To determine the role of adding a platinum drug to standard systemic neoadjuvant therapy (NAC) for patients with primary BRCA-associated TNBC with clinical stage T1–3N0–3M0, and to evaluate the effect of platinum-based drugs on recurrence-free survival in patients of this category.    Materials and methods.  The study included 75 patients diagnosed with primary BRCA-associated TNBC. They were divided into 2 groups depending on the NAC provided, and then they were subdivided depending on the completion of the course of ongoing NAC, the final pathomorphological result and the presence of recurrence.    Results.  Group I included 48 (64 %) patients who received the AC–T regimen; in group II (n = 27 (36 %)) patients received NAC according to the AC–TCarb regimen. Patients of group II showed a higher frequency of achieving pathological complete response (pCR) compared with patients of group I (73.7 % versus 41.2 %, respectively, p = 0.0433). Taking into account the NAC regimens being carried out, patients of group I had a slightly higher risk of recurrence compared to patients of group II (p = 0.099).    Conclusion.  In patients with primary BRCA-associated TNBC, the addition of platinum compounds to the systemic NAC resulted in achieving of pCR in 73.7 % cases compared with 41.2 % pCR after the standard anthracycline-taxane NAC, which entails a reduced risk recurrence in this category of patients. Performing a full course of planned NAC has a positive trend in achieving pCR in patients of this category.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-8627 , 1994-4098
    URL: Issue
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Publishing House ABV Press
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 2
    In: Tumors of female reproductive system, Publishing House ABV Press, Vol. 18, No. 3 ( 2022-12-01), p. 29-39
    Abstract: Background. Achieving a pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) is a predictive factor for improving disease free and overall survival. In triple negative (TN) and HER2-positive breast cancer (BC), the pCR rate exceeds 60 %. Patients with TN and HER2-positive BC who demonstrate an excellent response to NST are like­ly ideal candidates for downsizing surgery. The condition for reducing the volume of surgical intervention is a reliable determination of pathologic complete response using instrumental imaging and biopsy methods. Aim. To further assess the accuracy of post-NST image-guided biopsy to predict pCR. Materials and methods. Sixty one patients with T1-3N0-3 triple negative or HER2-positive BC receiving NST in the Department of Breast Tumors of the NMRC of Oncology named after N.N. Petrov in the period from 2017 to 2019 were enrolled in this single-center retrospective trial. Patients underwent ultrasound-guided core-biopsy of the initial breast tumor region before surgery. Findings were compared with findings on pathologic evaluation of surgical specimens to determine the performance of biopsy in predicting pCR after NST. Results. After neoadjuvant systemic therapy, clinical partial response (cPR) was diagnosed in 47 (77 %) patients, clinical complete response (cCR) in 14 (23 %) patients. pCR in the core-biopsy tissue and surgical material was achieved in 46 (75.4 %) and 37 (60.7 %), respectively. Performance of image-guided core-biopsy: sensitivity 100 % (95 % confldence interval (CI) 90.51-100), specificity 62.5 % (95 % CI 40.59-81.20), false-negative rate (FNR) 0 %, positive-pre­dictive value (PPV) 75.00 % (95 % CI 59.46-85.99), negative predictive value (NPV) 100.00 %. Conclusion. This retrospective trial showed that ultrasound-guided core biopsies are accurate enough to identify breast pCR in patients with triple-negative or HER2-positive BC with good response after NST (FNR 0 %). Based on these results, a prospective clinical trial has commenced in which breast surgery is omitted in patients with a breast pCR after NST according to image-guided biopsy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-8627 , 1994-4098
    URL: Issue
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Publishing House ABV Press
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 3
    In: Tumors of female reproductive system, Publishing House ABV Press, ( 2023-09-29)
    Abstract: Background. Individual molecular characteristics of a tumor can serve as a basis for a tailored approach to therapy, prediction of the disease course and outcome, and timely treatment correction in cancer patients. Tumor genomic profiling allows for a more precise tumor assessment in an individual manner. Accurate identification of the HER2 status of a breast tumor is crucial for clinical decisions and appropriate treatment strategy. Aim. To increase the efficacy of systemic therapy for breast cancer, reduce inappropriate prescribing, and ensure a tailored approach to systemic breast cancer therapy using the information on individual molecular characteristics of the tumor. Materials and methods. We explored the expression of 100 genes involved in breast cancer development in 106 tumor samples from patients with metastatic breast cancer. We used the nCounter technology based on direct digital target detection using color‑coded molecular barcodes. We analyzed the expression of 28 genes with a high predictive value for breast cancer. Results. The nCounter technology allowed us to perform semiquantitative assessment of the expression of 28 genes in tumor tissue samples. We compared the expression of ERBB2 and HER2. The HER2 expression between 252.32 and 6000 barcodes was equivalent to HER2 (0) status; between 6000 and 9196.25 barcodes, to HER2 (1+); between 9196.25 and 15022.46, to HER2 (2+ / ISH±); and ≥15022.46 barcodes, to HER2 (3+). In case of HER2 (3+) and ERBB2 below 6000 barcodes, the result was considered false positive. In case of HER2 (0) or (1+) and ERBB2 above 15000 barcodes, the result was considered false negative. In 18 tumors, the discrepancies in the results meant two principally different breast cancer subtypes requiring different treatments; in 2 cases, the discrepancies were in the level of HER2 expression. Conclusion. HER2 testing should be performed on an excision sample (ideally on the same block that was used for genomic testing). Despite the correlation between the HER2‑enriched molecular class and the response to anti‑HER2 therapy, the final result on HER2 status in discordant cases should be based on currently approved assays after results validation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-8627 , 1994-4098
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Publishing House ABV Press
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 4
    In: Tumors of female reproductive system, Publishing House ABV Press, Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2020-06-09), p. 12-20
    Abstract: Biopsy of signal (sentinel) lymph nodes (LN) has been performed at the N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Oncology Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, for almost 20 years. In the first few years, contrast-visual method (1 % blue isosulfan and triphenyl methane control) was used in 640 patients with early (T1–2N0M0) breast cancer. In 150 patients from this cohort, standard axillary dissection was performed irrespectively of the results of signal (sentinel) biopsy. The rate of false positive responses varied between 4.6 and 6.6 %. Since 2012, radioisotope method of visualization of signal LN with intratumor administration of 99m Тс-technephyte colloid particles has been used (in 708 patients with T1–3N0M0 breast cancer). This type of signal LN biopsy had the following diagnostic characteristics: sensitivity was 58.9 %, specificity was 96.2 %, diagnostic accuracy was 87.1 %. In parallel with this study, in 2016 a study of diagnostic accuracy and safety of biopsy of axillary LN after neoadjuvant systemic therapy was started. The study included 263 patients with T1N1–3M0, T2–3N0–3M0, T4N0–1M0 breast cancer. To evaluate clinical status of axillary LN, ultrasound, single-photon emission computed tomography, mammography at baseline and after completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy ± targeted therapy (trastuzumab) were performed. In some patients, in the recent years a double method of signal LN labeling (radioisotope and fluorescent methods) was used. In patients with baseline cN + -status, the rate of false positive signal LN biopsy conclusions was 13.6 %, in patients with baseline cN0-status it was 7.7 %. The study of double contrast of axillary LN and targeted label of metastatic LN prior to neoadjuvant systemic therapy continues. In total, various modifications of biopsy of signal LN were performed in 2,000 patients with breast cancer. The study protocol was approved by the biomedical ethics committee of N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Oncology Center, Ministry of Health of Russia. All patients gave written informed consent to participate in the study.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-8627 , 1994-4098
    URL: Issue
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Publishing House ABV Press
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 5
    In: Tumors of female reproductive system, Publishing House ABV Press, Vol. 18, No. 4 ( 2023-04-29), p. 43-51
    Abstract: Background . Surgery is fundamental in complex and combined approach in the treatment of the early breast cancer. It is a common fact, that absence of tumor cells in the resection margin is the main indicator of oncological safety of the breast-conserving surgery (BCS). The presence of tumor cells in examined margin is the predictor of local recurrence after BCS for breast cancer. Currently the clinical need for precise and fast method of intraoperative assessment of the resection margin status is kept. Intraoperative evaluation of the resection margin with the usage of digital two-point sectorography (Faxitron PathVision) appeared as the alternative to intraoperative histological examination, providing the optimum size of the information about adequacy of the carried out surgical treatment. Aim . To evaluate diagnostic features of the digital two-point sectorography Faxitron PathVision in the intraoperative assessment of the resection margin status after the surgical treatment in comparison with planned histologic examination. Materials and methods . 368 conducted conservative surgeries were analyzed; patients were divided in two groups depending on neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The first group of patients included 236 patients, who didn't receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery; second group included 132 patients, who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Subset analysis of detection rate of the positive resection margin (R1) was carried out with the usage of the intraoperative assessment of the resection margin on the X-ray device Faxitron PathVision or without this method. After each BCS resection margin status was assessed on planned histologic examination for the presence of the tumor cells, with subsequent analysis of the frequency of reoperations when R1 was found. Results . In 368 tested surgical specimens after BCS R1 was found in 25 cases, which is 6.8 %. From 236 patients in the first group after BCS R1 was found in 20 cases, which is 8.5 %; from 132 conducted operations in the second group in 5 (3.8 %) cases the presence of R1 is found. Reoperations were performed in 13 cases and tumor cells were found in 3 cases in the sub-group which didn't receive intraoperative assessment with X-ray device Faxitron PathVision. Conclusions . Assessing the results of our study we can make a conclusion about the positive experience of performing BCS and intraoperative evaluation of the resection margin with the usage of the digital two-point sectorography (Faxitron PathVision) and low frequency of R1 (3.8 %) in comparison with absence of this method (8.5 %).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-8627 , 1994-4098
    URL: Issue
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Publishing House ABV Press
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 6
    In: Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, Remedium, Ltd., , No. 9 ( 2022-06-19), p. 104-116
    Abstract: Introduction . Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common (30-35%) type of B-cell lymphomas. Only about 60% of all newly diagnosed advanced-stage DLBCL can be completely treated by x6 CHOP-R only. High dose chemotherapy (HDCT) followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the first remission (upfront auto-HSCT) can serve an option to improve prognosis in these patients (pts). Aim . To improve prognosis in DLBCL IV stage, IPI ≥2 pts by upfront auto-HSCT. Materials and methods . Included 105 pts: DLBCL NOS, age 18-65, stage IV, IPI ≥2, CR/PR after x6 CHOP/EPOCH + R from 2010 to 2019 at NMRC of Oncology named after N.N. Petrov of MoH of Russia were retrospectively analyzed. HSCT group includes pts with upfront HDCT followed by auto-HSCT (n = 35). The control group includes pts with non-invasive follow-up after induction only (n = 70). Primary endpoints were overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints were response rate, relapse rate and treatment toxicity. Results and discussion . The 3-yr OS (p = 0.01) and 3-yr PFS (p = 0.018) were significantly higher in HSCT group. The complete response rate was significantly increased after upfront auto-HSCT (p 〈 0.001). Early relapse served as an independent negative prognostic factor in OS (p 〈 0.001) and experienced statistically less in HDCT group (p = 0.027). Early (ER) and late relapse (LR) rate were higher in pts with DEL (ER - p 〈 0.001, LR - p 〈 0.001 in control group and ER - p 〈 0.001, LR -p = 0.013 in all pts). The overall relapse rate was higher if pts had 〉 1 extranodal site with lung involvement (p 〈 0.004 in the control group and p = 0.021 in all pts). Prognostic models suggested DEL and presence of 〉 1 extranodal site with lung involvement as an independent negative prognostic factors for increasing the relapse probability in two years after treatment. Conclusion . Upfront HSCT can serve as a clinical option to consolidate the first remission in IV stage DLBCL pts with DEL and/or 〉 1 extranodal sites with lung involvement.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2658-5790 , 2079-701X
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Remedium, Ltd.
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 7
    In: Urology Herald, Rostov State Medical University, Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2022-12-26), p. 98-108
    Abstract: Introduction . A combination of antiandrogen and cytostatic drugs was justified in the neoadjuvant therapy of patients with high-risk prostate cancer (HiRPCa) in some clinical trials. The effectiveness of such therapy in each individual case depends on the sensitivity of cancer cells to the applied drugs. It makes possible the development of the new technologies to personalize therapeutic approach. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of regulatory molecules whose expression is altered in PCa cells and can be associated with the sensitivity/resistance of cancer cells to specific cytostatics, for instance, taxanes. Objective . To identify the potential-marker miRNAs of PCa cells sensitivity to taxanes. Materials and methods . Samples of PCa tissue (n. 56) obtained from patients underwent neo-adjuvant therapy (antiandrogen and taxanes) and radical prostatectomy; PCa cell lines (PC-3, DU-145, LNCap). Total RNAs isolation was carried out using miRNeasy FFPE Kit, LRU-100-50; miRCURY LNA miRNA Focus PCR Panel, All-MIR kits were used for semi-quantitative analysis of potentially marker microRNA molecules using sequential reverse transcription and PCR. Results . The effect of taxanes on PCa cells is associated with up-regulation of miR-106b expression and down-regulation of miR-200c expression in both in vivo and in vitro conditions. Conclusion . MiR-106b and miR-200c miRNAs are involved in the response of PCa cells to taxanes, and therapeutic modification of these molecules in PCa cells may present a potential strategy to increase their sensitivity to taxane-containing therapy. Appropriate innovative technology may be in demand in the treatment of HiRPCa-patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2308-6424
    URL: Issue
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Rostov State Medical University
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OOO Grafika ; 2019
    In:  Russian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Vol. 6, No. 3 ( 2019-09-25), p. 72-76
    In: Russian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, OOO Grafika, Vol. 6, No. 3 ( 2019-09-25), p. 72-76
    Abstract: Over the past two decades, mucormycosis has firmly taken 3 rd place among invasive mycoses after candidiasis and aspergillosis in patients with oncohematological diseases. The article presents a clinical case of disseminated mucormycosis that developed in a child with nonHodgkin’s lymphoma on the background of deep immunosuppression.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2413-5496 , 2311-1267
    URL: Issue
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: OOO Grafika
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 9
    In: Tumors of female reproductive system, Publishing House ABV Press, Vol. 19, No. 1 ( 2023-06-25), p. 69-81
    Abstract:    Background.  Breast cancer is one of the most common female malignancies. Molecular diagnostic methods of tumor profiling allow us to analyze individual tumor characteristics, identify new prognostic and predictive markers.    Aim.  To increase the efficacy of systemic therapy for breast cancer and reduce inappropriate prescriptions using the data on individual molecular tumor characteristics; to develop a polygenic panel to ensure a tailored approach to systemic therapy for breast cancer.    Materials and methods.  We analyzed 84 tumor tissue samples from pre- and postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer who were treated and followed-up in 6 healthcare institutions. We assessed expression of genes involved in breast cancer. In a pilot study, we analyzed archived paraffin-embedded tumor specimens form 12 out of 1,216 patients with T1–2N0M0 breast cancer included into retrospective analysis. Gene expression was assessed using the nCounter technology based on direct digital detection of targets using fluorescent barcodes (nCounter Analysis System; NanoString Technologies, USA). Tumor tissue (biopsy and surgical specimens) was analyzed. The choice of genes was based on the literature data and experience in the development of other polygenic panels, as well as clinical significance of markers of prognostic scales. Gene mutations were confirmed by next generation sequencing and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.    Results.  We analyzed the expression of 28 genes with a high predictive value that have been substantially studied (including ESR1, PGR, PIK3CA, BCAR4, BCAS2, CCND1, CCND2, CCND3, FOXA1, Erb2, EGFR, CDH3, FOXC1, KRT14, KRT5, CD274, CDK4, CDK6, P53, PTEN, BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, CLDN3, CLDN7, AR, TOP2a, TUBBIII). We identified 29 cases of discrepancy (29 / 84; 34.5 %) in tumor subtype, including 11 cases of luminal A and B breast cancer, which might potentially affect the choice of the treatment regimen. In 18 cases, there were some principal discrepancies in the tumor subtype that implied totally different treatment regimens. The proposed polygenic signature allows accurate identification of the tumor subtype in patients with metastatic breast cancer and choice of an optimal treatment strategy.    Conclusion.  We have developed a 100-gene signature including molecular subtypes of breast cancer (luminal A, luminal B, basal, claudin-like) and treatment-oriented clusters. Molecular tumor profiling using this polygenic signature is an accurate method for determining tumor subtype in patients with breast cancer, which enables a tailored approach to therapy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-8627 , 1994-4098
    URL: Issue
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Publishing House ABV Press
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 10
    In: Tumors of female reproductive system, Publishing House ABV Press, Vol. 18, No. 3 ( 2022-12-01), p. 14-23
    Abstract: Background. The accurate and early diagnosis of breast cancer can improve efficacy of the treatment. The standard diagnostic methods such as mammography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance tomography have a pivotal role in the detection of breast tumors, however, in some cases, they have low diagnostic accuracy. Mammoscintigraphy (MSG) / molecular breast imaging (MBI) with tumor-specific radiopharmacy 99m Tc-Technetril in patients with breast cancer can considerably increase the accuracy of diagnosis. However, the diagnostic performance of MSG / MBI in the detection of different biological subtypes of breast cancer is still under investigation. Aim. To evaluate the accuracy of MSG / MBI with 99m Tc-Technetril in diagnosis of different biological subtypes of breast cancer. Materials and methods. The analysis included the results of MSG / MBI of 1080 patients (2154 mammary glands), who were examined for suspected breast cancer. MSG / MBI were performed 5–15 min after intravenous injection into the vein of one of the feet of 370–740 MBq of tumor-specific radiopharmacy 99m Tc-Technetril. Examinations performed from 2007–2020 was carried out on the emission computed tomography Forte (Philips); since 2020 the molecular visualization has been providing on the special gamma-camera Discovery NM750b (General Electric). The obtained data were evaluated by 2 experienced radiologists. Verification of changes in breasts was provided by morphological examination (1060 cases) or dynamic observation. Results. The sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of MSG / MBI were 90 %, 98 %, 95 % correspondingly. When diagnosing tumors with a diameter of up to 10 mm, the sensitivity of MSG / MBI was decreased to 83 %. In patients with various biological subtypes, the sensitivity of MSG / MBI was as follows: luminal A – 88 %; luminal B– – 91 %; luminal B+ – 92 %; triple negative – 93 %; HER2-positive – 96 %. The intensity of tumor uptake depended on the biological subtype of breast cancer. The average values of the 99m Tc-Technetril uptake coefficient were as follows: luminal A – 1.59; luminal B– – 1.71; luminal B+ – 1.95; triple negative – 1.93; HER2-positive – 2.22. Conclusion. Retrospective analysis indicate high diagnostic performance of MSG / MBI: sensitivity – 90 %, specificity – 98 %, accuracy – 95 %. There are significant differences in the intensity of 99m Tc-Technetril accumulation in tumors in patients with different biological subtypes of breast cancer ( p = 0.01–0.004). MSG / MBI characterized by significant differences in the sensitivity in the diagnosis of luminal A and HER2+ breast cancer subtypes: 88 % and 96 %, respectively ( p = 0.02).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-8627 , 1994-4098
    URL: Issue
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Publishing House ABV Press
    Publication Date: 2022
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