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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Differential metabolism of choline supplements in adult volunteers
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  European Journal of Nutrition Vol. 61, No. 1 ( 2022-02), p. 219-230
    Details
    In: European Journal of Nutrition, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 61, No. 1 ( 2022-02), p. 219-230
    Abstract: Adequate intake of choline is essential for growth and homeostasis, but its supply does often not meet requirements. Choline deficiency decreases phosphatidylcholine (PC) and betaine synthesis, resulting in organ pathology, especially of liver, lung, and brain. This is of particular clinical importance in preterm infants and cystic fibrosis patients. We compared four different choline supplements for their impact on plasma concentration and kinetics of choline, betaine as a methyl donor and trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) as a marker of bacterial degradation prior to absorption. Methods Prospective randomized cross-over study (1/2020–4/2020) in six healthy adult men. Participants received a single dose of 550 mg/d choline equivalent in the form of choline chloride, choline bitartrate, α-glycerophosphocholine (GPC), and egg-PC in randomized sequence at least 1 week apart. Blood was taken from t  = − 0.1–6 h after supplement intake. Choline, betaine, TMAO, and total PC concentrations were analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. Results are shown as medians and interquartile range. Results There was no difference in the AUC of choline plasma concentrations after intake of the different supplements. Individual plasma kinetics of choline and betaine differed and concentrations peaked latest for PC (at ≈3 h). All supplements similarly increased plasma betaine. All water-soluble supplements rapidly increased TMAO, whereas egg-PC did not. Conclusion All supplements tested rapidly increased choline and betaine levels to a similar extent, with egg-PC showing the latest peak. Assuming that TMAO may have undesirable effects, egg-PC might be best suited for choline supplementation in adults. Study registration This study was registered at “Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien” (DRKS) (German Register for Clinical Studies), 17.01.2020, DRKS00020454.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1436-6207 , 1436-6215
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02637-6
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1463312-7
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  • 2
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    Choline supplementation for preterm infants: metabolism of four Deuterium-labeled choline compounds
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  European Journal of Nutrition Vol. 62, No. 3 ( 2023-04), p. 1195-1205
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    In: European Journal of Nutrition, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 62, No. 3 ( 2023-04), p. 1195-1205
    Abstract: Supply of choline is not guaranteed in current preterm infant nutrition. Choline serves in parenchyma formation by membrane phosphatidylcholine (PC), plasma transport of poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) via PC, and methylation processes via betaine. PUFA-PC concentrations are high in brain, liver and lung, and deficiency may result in developmental disorders. We compared different deuterated (D9-) choline components for kinetics of D9-choline, D9-betaine and D9-PC. Methods Prospective study (1/2021–12/2021) in 32 enterally fed preterm infants (28 0/7–32 0/7 weeks gestation). Patients were randomized to receive enterally a single dose of 2.7 mg/kg D9-choline-equivalent as D9-choline chloride, D9-phosphoryl-choline, D9-glycerophosphorylcholine (D9-GPC) or D9-1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-PC(D9-POPC), followed by blood sampling at 1 + 24 h or 12 + 60 h after administration. Plasma concentrations were analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. Results are expressed as median (25th/75th percentile). Results At 1 h, plasma D9-choline was 1.8 (0.9/2.2) µmol/L, 1.3 (0.9/1.5) µmol/L and 1.2 (0.7/1.4) µmol/L for D9-choline chloride, D9-GPC and D9-phosphoryl-choline, respectively. D9-POPC did not result in plasma D9-choline. Plasma D9-betaine was maximal at 12 h, with lowest concentrations after D9-POPC. Maximum plasma D9-PC values at 12 h were the highest after D9-POPC (14.4 (9.1/18.9) µmol/L), compared to the other components (D9-choline chloride: 8.1 [5.6/9.9] µmol/L; D9-GPC: 8.4 (6.2/10.3) µmol/L; D9-phosphoryl-choline: 9.8 (8.6/14.5) µmol/L). Predominance of D9-PC comprising linoleic, rather than oleic acid, indicated fatty-acyl remodeling of administered D9-POPC prior to systemic delivery. Conclusion D9-Choline chloride, D9-GPC and D9-phosphoryl-choline equally increased plasma D9-choline and D9-betaine. D9-POPC shifted metabolism from D9-betaine to D9-PC. Combined supplementation of GPC and (PO) PC may be best suited to optimize choline supply in preterm infants. Due to fatty acid remodeling of (PO) PC during its assimilation, PUFA co-supplementation with (PO) PC may increase PUFA-delivery to critical organs. This study was registered (22.01.2020) at the Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien (DRKS) (German Register for Clinical Studies), DRKS00020502. Study registration This study was registered at the Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien (DRKS) (German Register for Clinical Studies), DRKS00020502.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1436-6207 , 1436-6215
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03059-8
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1463312-7
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  • 3
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    Different choline supplement metabolism in adults using deuterium labelling
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  European Journal of Nutrition Vol. 62, No. 4 ( 2023-06), p. 1795-1807
    Details
    In: European Journal of Nutrition, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 62, No. 4 ( 2023-06), p. 1795-1807
    Abstract: Choline deficiency leads to pathologies particularly of the liver, brain and lung. Adequate supply is important for preterm infants and patients with cystic fibrosis. We analysed the assimilation of four different enterally administered deuterium-labelled (D9-) choline supplements in adults. Methods Prospective randomised cross-over study (11/2020–1/2022) in six healthy men, receiving four single doses of 2.7 mg/kg D9-choline equivalent each in the form of D9-choline chloride, D9-phosphorylcholine, D9-alpha-glycerophosphocholine (D9-GPC) or D9-1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycero-3-phosphoryl-choline (D9-POPC), in randomised order 6 weeks apart. Plasma was obtained at baseline ( t  = − 0.1 h) and at 0.5 h to 7d after intake. Concentrations of D9-choline and its D9-labelled metabolites were analysed by tandem mass spectrometry. Results are shown as median and interquartile range. Results Maximum D9-choline and D9-betaine concentrations were reached latest after D9-POPC administration versus other components. D9-POPC and D9-phosphorylcholine resulted in lower D9-trimethylamine (D9-TMAO) formation. The AUCs (0-7d) of plasma D9-PC concentration showed highest values after administration of D9-POPC. D9-POPC appeared in plasma after fatty acid remodelling, predominantly as D9-1-palmitoyl-2-linoleyl-PC (D9-PLPC), confirming cleavage to 1-palmitoyl-lyso-D9-PC and re-acylation with linoleic acid as the most prominent alimentary unsaturated fatty acid. Conclusion There was a delayed increase in plasma D9-choline and D9-betaine after D9-POPC administration, with no differences in AUC over time. D9-POPC resulted in a higher AUC of D9-PC and virtually absent D9-TMAO levels. D9-POPC is remodelled according to enterocytic fatty acid availability. D9-POPC seems best suited as choline supplement to increase plasma PC concentrations, with PC as a carrier of choline and targeted fatty acid supply as required by organs. This study was registered at Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien (DRKS) (German Register for Clinical Studies), DRKS00020498, 22.01.2020. Study registration This study was registered at Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien (DRKS) (German Register for Clinical Studies), DRKS00020498.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1436-6207 , 1436-6215
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03121-z
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1463312-7
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  • 4
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    Choline Content of Term and Preterm Infant Formulae Compared to Expressed Breast Milk—How Do We Justify the Discrepancies?
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2020-12-13), p. 3815-
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    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2020-12-13), p. 3815-
    Abstract: Choline/phosphatidylcholine concentrations are tightly regulated in all organs and secretions. During rapid organ growth in the third trimester, choline requirement is particularly high. Adequate choline intake is 17–18 mg/kg/day in term infants, whereas ~50–60 mg/kg/day is required to achieve fetal plasma concentrations in preterm infants. Whereas free choline is supplied via the placenta, other choline carriers characterize enteral feeding. We therefore quantified the concentrations and types of choline carriers and choline-related components in various infant formulae and fortifiers compared to breast milk, and calculated the supply at full feeds (150 mL/kg/day) using tandem mass spectrometry. Choline concentration in formula ranged from values below to far above that of breastmilk. Humana 0-VLB (2015: 60.7 mg/150 mL; 2020: 27.3 mg/150 mL), Aptamil-Prematil (2020: 34.7 mg/150 mL), Aptamil-Prematil HA (2020: 37.6 mg/150 mL) for preterm infants with weights 〈 1800 g, and Humana 0 (2020: 41.6 mg/150 mL) for those 〉 1800 g, comprised the highest values in formulae studied. Formulae mostly were rich in free choline or phosphatidylcholine rather than glycerophosphocholine and phosphocholine (predominating in human milk). Most formulae (150 mL/kg/day) do not supply the amounts and physiologic components of choline required to achieve fetal plasma choline concentrations. A revision of choline content in formulae and breast milk fortifiers and a clear declaration of the choline components in formulae is required to enable informed choices.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu12123815
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 5
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    Relationship between clinical and radiological signs of bronchiectasis in COPD patients: Results from COSYCONET
    Elsevier BV ; 2020
    In:  Respiratory Medicine Vol. 172 ( 2020-10), p. 106117-
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    In: Respiratory Medicine, Elsevier BV, Vol. 172 ( 2020-10), p. 106117-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0954-6111
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106117
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2002557-9
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