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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2013
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2374, No. 1 ( 2013-01), p. 190-200
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2374, No. 1 ( 2013-01), p. 190-200
    Abstract: A sustained increase in gross rail loads and cumulative freight tonnages as well as growing interest in high-speed passenger rail development is placing an increasing demand on North American railway infrastructure. To meet this demand, improvements to the performance and durability of concrete crossties and fastening systems are necessary. One of the typical failure modes for concrete crossties in North America is rail seat deterioration, and researchers have hypothesized that localized crushing of the concrete in the rail seat is one of the potential mechanisms that contributes to this failure mode. To understand this mechanism better, the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign is using a matrix-based tactile surface sensor to measure and quantify the forces and pressure distribution acting at the contact interface between the concrete rail seat and the bottom of the rail pad. Preliminary data collected during laboratory experimentation have shown that a direct relationship existed between rail pad modulus and maximum rail seat pressure. In addition, under a constant vertical load, a direct relationship between the lateral-to-vertical force ratio and the maximum field side rail seat pressure was observed. Given that all preliminary results indicate that various combinations of pad modulus, track geometry, and lateral-to-vertical force ratio create localized areas of high pressure, crushing remains a potential mechanism leading to rail seat deterioration. Through the analysis of rail seat pressure data, valuable insight can be gained that can be applied to the development of designs for concrete crosstie and fastening system components that meet current and projected service demands.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2014
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2448, No. 1 ( 2014-01), p. 53-61
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2448, No. 1 ( 2014-01), p. 53-61
    Abstract: The North American railroad network is projected to experience increasingly constrained capacity. Growth in long-term demand for freight transportation combined with higher speeds and greater frequency of passenger trains operating on the same trackage will increase congestion at many locations. To accommodate this demand and maintain traffic fluidity, investment in projects to increase the capacity of many lines will be necessary. Recent changes in commodity flows, particularly related to rail transport of energy sources such as petroleum, alcohol, and coal, have led to growth on lines with historically lower traffic density and infrequent passing sidings that are too short for modern unit trains. This study aimed to find the most effective capacity expansion strategy for these single-track lines with sparse sidings. Rail Traffic Controller software was used to conduct experiments simulating traffic operation on such lines under several expansion alternatives, and the performance in terms of train delay and reliability was evaluated. The results suggest that for a single-track line with sparse sidings, the best strategy is first to construct new sidings between existing sidings in the middle of the corridor. Then these investments should be extended toward the two end terminals by constructing new sidings in successive gaps until the maximum number of sidings is reached. The results are also used to develop a relationship between the total length of the second main track and average freight train delay for use in planning capacity expansion on these lines.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2013
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2374, No. 1 ( 2013-01), p. 111-118
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2374, No. 1 ( 2013-01), p. 111-118
    Abstract: Federal, state, and regional transportation authorities have shown an increased interest in adding or increasing passenger rail service between many city pairs. The most commonly proposed approach has been to operate passenger trains on existing freight railroad infrastructure. However, operation of passenger and freight trains on the same infrastructure poses a variety of challenges because of their different performance characteristics. In addition, track configuration—single versus double track—can significantly influence the interaction effects between trains. The maximum speed of passenger trains has little impact on the performance of freight trains on single-track lines. However, in double-track configurations, the speed of the passenger train has a major impact on freight train delays. Single-track operation can show an asymmetrical delay distribution centered on an average run time, with very few trains arriving close to the minimum run time. A double-track configuration can result in a delay distribution shaped similarly to an exponential distribution with many trains maintaining their minimum run times. In both single- and double-track operations, a higher passenger train maximum speed can lead to a greater range of possible travel times. These analyses can help transportation authorities further understand the interactions between passenger and freight trains for current and future shared-corridor operations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2003
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 1825, No. 1 ( 2003-01), p. 48-55
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 1825, No. 1 ( 2003-01), p. 48-55
    Abstract: Broken rails are the leading cause of major accidents on U.S. railroads and frequently cause delays. A multivariate statistical model was developed to improve the prediction of broken-rail incidences (i.e., service failures). Improving the prediction of conditions that cause broken rails can assist railroads in allocating inspection, detection, and preventive resources more efficiently, to enhance safety, reduce the risk of hazardous materials transportation, improve service quality, and maximize rail assets. The service failure prediction model (SFPM) uses a combination of engineering and traffic data commonly recorded by major railroads. A Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway database was developed in which the locations of approximately 1,800 service failures over 2 years were recorded. The data on each location were supplemented with information on other engineering and traffic volume parameters. A complementary database with the same parameters was developed for a randomly selected set of locations at which service failures had not occurred. The combined databases were analyzed using multivariate statistical methods to identify the variables and their combinations most strongly correlated with service failures. SFPM accuracy in predicting service failures at specific locations exceeded 85%. Although further validation is necessary, SFPM is promising in the quantitative prediction of broken rails, thereby improving a railroad’s ability to manage its assets and risks.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    ASTM International ; 2017
    In:  Materials Performance and Characterization Vol. 6, No. 1 ( 2017-12-12), p. 20170051-
    In: Materials Performance and Characterization, ASTM International, Vol. 6, No. 1 ( 2017-12-12), p. 20170051-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2379-1365
    Language: English
    Publisher: ASTM International
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2003
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 1825, No. 1 ( 2003-01), p. 64-74
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 1825, No. 1 ( 2003-01), p. 64-74
    Abstract: U.S. freight railroad accident and hazardous materials release rates have declined substantially since 1980. Ironically, this trend has made the identification and implementation of further safety improvement options more challenging because less empirical information exists on which accident causes present the greatest risks. Consequently, more sophisticated methods are needed to identify the best options for transportation risk reduction. Of particular interest is identifying the principal causes of accidents that can result in a tank car release of hazardous materials, which can harm people, property, and the environment. Because large hazardous materials release accidents are relatively rare, railroads cannot effectively manage safety improvement efforts solely in response to the causes of specific accidents. Instead, a risk-based approach is needed to better understand predictive factors for conditions that can cause a release. Railroad derailment data were analyzed to identify the conditions most likely to lead to a release accident. The objective was to identify proxy variables that can be used as performance measures. The speed of derailment and number of derailed cars highly correlated with hazardous materials releases. Some accident causes are much more likely to lead to release conditions than others. Accident prevention efforts to reduce these causes are more likely to reduce the risk of major railroad hazardous materials release accidents.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2010
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2159, No. 1 ( 2010-01), p. 77-84
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2159, No. 1 ( 2010-01), p. 77-84
    Abstract: Railroads are increasingly using new technologies to improve capacity and operating efficiency. To plan their investments and prepare for the implementation of these technologies, railroads must understand their net effect on operations. This requires understanding both the particular aspects of these technologies that affect capacity and the characteristics of the systems into which they are being introduced. Two important technologies in this regard are communications-based train control (CBTC) and electronically controlled pneumatic (ECP) brakes. Each element of CBTC and ECP brakes with the potential to affect capacity was identified, and its effect under various implementation scenarios was evaluated. The potential impact of each element was assessed and compared with the various baseline conditions and conventional technologies to understand the incremental effect. An extensive review of the literature on the subject was conducted in support of these evaluations. CBTC implementation with enforcement braking will generally result in a loss of capacity, but as these systems become more fully integrated, the potential for capacity enhancement improves. ECP brakes will provide benefits under most operational scenarios because of the shorter braking distances and thus the potential for the closer spacing of trains. The two technologies have a potential interactive effect: CBTC may make it possible to more effectively take advantage of one of the principal benefits of ECP brakes: shorter stopping distances. The results for either technology will be route and network specific, so individual railroads will need to conduct analyses to understand the net effect on the capacity of their systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2003
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 1845, No. 1 ( 2003-01), p. 203-212
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 1845, No. 1 ( 2003-01), p. 203-212
    Abstract: Many of the major railroad lines in the Mid-America earthquake region are potentially susceptible to high peak ground accelerations (PGA) and soil liquefaction effects due to an earthquake associated with the New Madrid fault. With geographic information systems (GIS) data and analysis techniques, the risk to the rail network posed by a major earthquake in the region was estimated. It was estimated that about 2,107 active rail route miles and 2,082 railroad bridges, including eight major river-crossing bridges over the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, are in areas with a 2% probability of experiencing PGA values with potential to cause moderate to severe damage ( 〉 20% g) in the next 50 years. Because of the importance of this portion of the rail network and the bridges in the region, a model to calculate the cost-effectiveness of retrofitting railway bridges for enhanced seismic resistance was developed. Analysis using the model indicates that retrofitting small to moderately sized bridges is not generally cost-effective in the Mid-America region. However, a sensitivity analysis indicated that for large river-crossing bridges there may be plausible conditions when retrofitting would be cost-effective.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2014
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2448, No. 1 ( 2014-01), p. 80-86
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2448, No. 1 ( 2014-01), p. 80-86
    Abstract: In North America, many design guidelines for track components in shared-use railway infrastructure use historic wheel loads that may not necessarily be representative of those seen on rail networks today. Without a clear understanding of the nature of these loads, it is impossible to evaluate the superstructure adequately to make design improvements. Therefore, researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign are conducting research to lay the groundwork for an improved and thorough understanding of the loading environment entering the track structure. Wheel impact load detectors (WILDs) have been used in North America for decades to identify defective wheels that could damage the rail infrastructure or result in a rolling stock failure. Information regarding loads obtained from a WILD can be used to identify trends that not only provide a clearer picture of the existing loading environment created by widely varied traffic characteristics but also can be used in future design and maintenance planning of infrastructure according to the anticipated traffic. The current trends in wheel loads across the North American rail network are discussed, and the effects of speed and other sources of load variability are investigated. In addition to WILD data, instrumented wheel set data were used to gain insight into loading conditions, and preliminary analyses of these data are included. Ultimately this work will lead to useful distinctions of loads for improved design methodologies that are specific to the intended type of traffic traversing a given route or network.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2015
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2475, No. 1 ( 2015-01), p. 63-71
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2475, No. 1 ( 2015-01), p. 63-71
    Abstract: The North American rail network is experiencing capacity constraints because of traffic growth and increases in traffic heterogeneity. Further increases in speed and frequency of passenger service will combine with record levels of crude oil carload and intermodal traffic to demand even more network capacity. Understanding the interaction between passenger trains and this mix of freight traffic can help railroads develop effective strategies to improve network capacity and mitigate delay. Although previous research has focused on heterogeneity between two train types, actual rail lines are subject to multiple classes of trains such as passenger, priority intermodal, manifest, and bulk freight trains. To understand this environment better, this study presents a capacity evaluation process to analyze the performance of lines serving three train types. Although any combination of three train types can be considered, this study focuses on the interaction of passenger, intermodal, and bulk freight trains. The presented process can estimate the maximum train throughput for a particular corridor based on the unique characteristics and required level of service for each train type. A case study demonstrates three potential uses of the capacity evaluation process: the impact of additional passenger trains on lines with multiple types of freight trains, the sensitivity of capacity to the required level of service of each train type, and the effect of train speed heterogeneity between three types of trains. The results of this study provide better insight into the interaction of multiple train types and will aid railroads in maximizing the utility of their network.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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