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  • 1
    In: GigaScience, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2021-08-20)
    Abstract: As the global health crisis unfolded, many academic conferences moved online in 2020. This move has been hailed as a positive step towards inclusivity in its attenuation of economic, physical, and legal barriers and effectively enabled many individuals from groups that have traditionally been underrepresented to join and participate. A number of studies have outlined how moving online made it possible to gather a more global community and has increased opportunities for individuals with various constraints, e.g., caregiving responsibilities. Yet, the mere existence of online conferences is no guarantee that everyone can attend and participate meaningfully. In fact, many elements of an online conference are still significant barriers to truly diverse participation: the tools used can be inaccessible for some individuals; the scheduling choices can favour some geographical locations; the set-up of the conference can provide more visibility to well-established researchers and reduce opportunities for early-career researchers. While acknowledging the benefits of an online setting, especially for individuals who have traditionally been underrepresented or excluded, we recognize that fostering social justice requires inclusivity to actively be centered in every aspect of online conference design. Here, we draw from the literature and from our own experiences to identify practices that purposefully encourage a diverse community to attend, participate in, and lead online conferences. Reflecting on how to design more inclusive online events is especially important as multiple scientific organizations have announced that they will continue offering an online version of their event when in-person conferences can resume.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2047-217X
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2708999-X
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  • 2
    In: Frontiers in Genetics, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2021-7-2)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-8021
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606823-0
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  • 3
    In: Frontiers in Genetics, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2021-3-31)
    Abstract: Children with rare and common diseases now undergo whole genome sequencing (WGS) in clinical and research contexts. Parents sometimes request access to their child's raw genomic data, to pursue their own analyses or for onward sharing with health professionals and researchers. These requests raise legal, ethical, and practical issues for professionals and parents alike. The advent of widespread WGS in pediatrics occurs in a context where privacy and data protection law remains focused on giving individuals control-oriented rights with respect to their personal information. Acting in their child's stead and in their best interests, parents are generally the ones who will be exercising these informational rights on behalf of the child. In this paper, we map the contours of parental authority to access their child's raw genomic data. We consider three use cases: hospital-based researchers, healthcare professionals acting in a clinical-diagnostic capacity, and “pure” academic researchers at a public institution. Our research seeks to answer two principal questions: Do parents have a right of access to their child's raw WGS data? If so, what are the limits of this right? Primarily focused on the laws of Ontario, Canada's most populous province, with a secondary focus on Canada's three other most populous provinces (Quebec, British Columbia, and Alberta) and the European Union, our principal findings include (1) parents have a general right of access to information about their children, but that the access right is more capacious in the clinical context than in the research context; (2) the right of access extends to personal data in raw form; (3) a consideration of the best interests of the child may materially limit the legal rights of parents to access data about their child; (4) the ability to exercise rights of access are transferred from parents to children when they gain decision-making capacity in both the clinical and research contexts, but with more nuance in the former. With these findings in mind, we argue that professional guidelines, which are concerned with obligations to interpret and return results, may assist in furthering a child's best interests in the context of legal access rights. We conclude by crafting recommendations for healthcare professionals in the clinical and research contexts when faced with a parental request for a child's raw genomic data.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-8021
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606823-0
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  • 4
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 375, No. 6583 ( 2022-02-25), p. 825-826
    Abstract: International biomedical research, in which projects span borders and engage participants from multiple countries, has increased substantially during the last several decades. Despite the proven value of large, geographically, and ethnically diverse studies, further advancements are being impeded by the burden of submitting separate, and often numerous, applications for research ethics approval in compliance with country-specific laws or varied policy frameworks. To address this, we see promise in applying the international concept of “adequacy,” contained in the European Union (EU) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) ( 1 ), to ethics review of international health research. We advocate for countries to publish their prior determinations about the adequacy of ethics review requirements in other countries to enable review by one institutional review board (IRB) or comparable body (“single-site” review) in the researcher’s country, streamlining ethics review while safeguarding the welfare of local research participants.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 128410-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Law and the Biosciences Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2020-07-25)
    In: Journal of Law and the Biosciences, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2020-07-25)
    Abstract: Effective responses to the COVID-19 pandemic require novel solutions for research and responsible data sharing. Biobanking presents itself as a key priority in furthering our understanding of COVID-19. In this article, we propose a tripartite approach to consent to create resources for research relating to COVID-19. The approach aims to link three levels of participation: COVID-19 patients, respiratory/infectious disease patients, and longitudinal study participants. We explore the potential approaches that can be taken to consent processes with these three participant groups. We furthermore describe an access model for both single-site and multi-site data and sample storage. Through dealing with these topics at a high level, the model may be adapted to local legal and ethical requirements while still pursuing its ultimate goal: the creation of a research infrastructure that supports transparent, strong, and open science.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2053-9711
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2756090-9
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  Human Molecular Genetics Vol. 30, No. R2 ( 2021-10-01), p. R156-R160
    In: Human Molecular Genetics, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 30, No. R2 ( 2021-10-01), p. R156-R160
    Abstract: Debates surrounding genetic privacy have taken on different forms over the past 30 years. Taking genetic privacy to mean an interest that individuals, families, or even communities have with respect to genetic information, we examine the metaphors used in these debates to chronicle the development of genetic privacy. In 1990–2000, we examine claims for ownership and of ‘humanity’ spurred by the launch of the Human Genome Project and related endeavors. In 2000–2010, we analyze the interface of law and ethics with research infrastructures such as biobanks, for which notions of citizenship and ‘public goods’ were central. In 2010–2020, we detail the relational turn of genetic privacy in response of large international research consortia and big data. Although each decade had its leading conceptions of genetic privacy, the subject is neither strictly chronological nor static. We conclude with reflections on the nature of genetic privacy and the necessity to bring together the unique and private genetic self with the human other.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0964-6906 , 1460-2083
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474816-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    JMIR Publications Inc. ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Medical Internet Research Vol. 24, No. 10 ( 2022-10-19), p. e37236-
    In: Journal of Medical Internet Research, JMIR Publications Inc., Vol. 24, No. 10 ( 2022-10-19), p. e37236-
    Abstract: In this viewpoint, we argue for the importance of creating data spaces for genomic research that are detached from contexts in which fundamental rights concerns related to surveillance measures override a purpose-specific balancing of fundamental rights. Genomic research relies on molecular and phenotypic data, on comparing findings within large data sets, on searchable metadata, and on translating research results into a clinical setting. These methods require sensitive genetic and health data to be shared across borders. International data sharing between the European Union (EU) or the European Economic Area and third countries has accordingly become a cornerstone of genomics. The EU General Data Protection Regulation contains rules that accord privileged status to data processing for research purposes to ensure that strict data protection requirements do not impede biomedical research. However, the General Data Protection Regulation rules applicable to international transfers of data accord no such preferential treatment to international data transfers made in the research context. The rules that govern the international transfer of data create considerable barriers to international data sharing because of the cost-intensive procedural and substantive compliance burdens that they impose. For certain jurisdictions and select use cases, there exist practically no lawful mechanisms to enable the international transfer of data because of concerns about the protection of fundamental rights. The proposed solutions further fail to address the need to share large data sets of local and regional cohorts across national borders to enable joint analyses. The European Health Data Space is an emerging federated, EU-wide data infrastructure that is intended to function as an infrastructure bringing together EU health data to improve patient care and enable the secondary use of health-related data for research purposes. Such infrastructure is implementing new institutions to support its functioning and is being implemented in reliance on a new enabling law, the regulation on the European Health Data Space. This innovation provides the opportunity to facilitate EU contribution to international genomic research efforts. The draft regulation for this data space provides for a concept of data infrastructure intended to enable cross-border data exchange and access, including access to genetic and health data for scientific analysis purposes. The draft regulation also provides for obligations of national actors aimed at making data widely available. This effort is laudable. However, in the absence of further, more fundamental changes to the manner in which the EU regulates the secondary use of health data, it is reasonable to believe that EU participation in international genomic research efforts will remain impeded.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1438-8871
    Language: English
    Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028830-X
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Philosophies Vol. 6, No. 4 ( 2021-11-11), p. 93-
    In: Philosophies, MDPI AG, Vol. 6, No. 4 ( 2021-11-11), p. 93-
    Abstract: International direct-to-participant (DTP) genomics research involves the use of mobile technology to recruit, consent, and study participants remotely. This model can facilitate research across broad geographies and many countries, but must also comply with the norms of multiple recruitment jurisdictions, with each jurisdiction typically requiring at least one local research ethics review. Each additional research ethics review increases bureaucratic hurdles without necessarily strengthening the protection of participants’ rights and interests. For DTP genomic research, obtaining a review may in fact be impossible in the absence of a local research partner. This paper proposes an “adequacy” approach, inspired by data protection law, to coordinate the regulation and oversight of international DTP genomics research. This involves one country voluntarily assessing whether another country’s research ethics reviews are equivalent to its own, in terms of objectives and effectiveness. Ethics-approved projects led by researchers from countries recognized as adequate are deemed to comply with local norms, eliminating the need for a duplicative local review. Adequacy preserves the sovereignty of countries to determine their own regulatory aims and which other countries to trust. It therefore provides a voluntary, incremental path towards greater global coordination of health research oversight.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2409-9287
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2856361-X
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Genetics Vol. 12 ( 2021-4-14)
    In: Frontiers in Genetics, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2021-4-14)
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the need for new ways of thinking about data protection. This is especially so in the case of health research with children. The responsible use of children’s data plays a key role in promoting children’s well-being and securing their right to health and to privacy. In this article, we contend that a contextual approach that appropriately balances children’s legal and moral rights and interests is needed when thinking about data protection issues with children. We examine three issues in health research through a child-focused lens: consent to data processing, data retention, and data protection impact assessments. We show that these issues present distinctive concerns for children and that the General Data Protection Regulation provides few bright-line rules. We contend that there is an opportunity for creative approaches to children’s data protection when child-specific principles, such as the best interests of the child and the child’s right to be heard, are put into dialogue with the structure and logic of data protection law.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-8021
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606823-0
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  • 10
    In: Cell Genomics, Elsevier BV, Vol. 1, No. 2 ( 2021-11), p. 100029-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2666-979X
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3110160-4
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