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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Integrated airborne investigation of the air composition over the Russian sector of the Arctic
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2022
    In:  Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Vol. 15, No. 13 ( 2022-07-05), p. 3941-3967
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 15, No. 13 ( 2022-07-05), p. 3941-3967
    Abstract: Abstract. The change of the global climate is most pronounced in the Arctic, where the air temperature increases 2 to 3 times faster than the global average. This process is associated with an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. There are publications predicting the sharp increase in methane emissions into the atmosphere due to permafrost thawing. Therefore, it is important to study how the air composition in the Arctic changes in the changing climate. In the Russian sector of the Arctic, the air composition was measured only in the surface atmospheric layer at the coastal stations or earlier at the drifting stations. Vertical distributions of gas constituents of the atmosphere and aerosol were determined only in a few small regions. That is why the integrated experiment was carried out to measure the composition of the troposphere in the entire Russian sector of the Arctic from on board the Optik Tu-134 aircraft laboratory in the period of ​​​​​​​4 to 17 September of 2020. The aircraft laboratory was equipped with contact and remote measurement facilities. The contact facilities were capable of measuring the concentrations of CO2, CH4, O3, CO, NOx​​​​​​​, and SO2, as well as the disperse composition of particles in the size range from 3 nm to 32 µm, black carbon, and organic and inorganic components of atmospheric aerosol. The remote facilities were operated to measure the water transparency in the upper layer of the ocean, the chlorophyll content in water, and spectral characteristics of the underlying surface. The measured data have shown that the ocean continues absorbing CO2. This process is most intense over the Barents and Kara seas. The recorded methane concentration was increased over all the Arctic seas, reaching 2090 ppb in the near-water layer over the Kara Sea. The contents of other gas components and black carbon were close to the background level. In bioaerosol, bacteria predominated among the identified microorganisms. In most samples, they were represented by coccal forms, less often spore-forming and non-spore-bearing rod-shaped bacteria. No dependence of the representation of various bacterial genera on the height and the sampling site was revealed. The most turbid during the experiment was the upper layer of the Chukchi and Bering seas. The Barents Sea turned out to be the most transparent. The differences in extinction varied by more than a factor of 1.5. In all measurements, except for the Barents Sea, the tendency of an increase in chlorophyll fluorescence in more transparent waters was observed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1867-8548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/amt-15-3941-2022
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2505596-3
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  • 2
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    Disentangling methane and carbon dioxide sources and transport across the Russian Arctic from aircraft measurements
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2023
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 23, No. 3 ( 2023-02-16), p. 2293-2314
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 23, No. 3 ( 2023-02-16), p. 2293-2314
    Abstract: Abstract. A more accurate characterization of the sources and sinks of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the vulnerable Arctic environment is required to better predict climate change. A large-scale aircraft campaign took place in September 2020 focusing on the Siberian Arctic coast. CH4 and CO2 were measured in situ during the campaign and form the core of this study. Measured ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO) are used here as tracers. Median CH4 mixing ratios are fairly higher than the monthly mean hemispheric reference (Mauna Loa, Hawaii, US) with 1890–1969 ppb vs. 1887 ppb respectively, while CO2 mixing ratios from all flights are lower (408.09–411.50 ppm vs. 411.52 ppm). We also report on three case studies. Our analysis suggests that during the campaign the European part of Russia's Arctic and western Siberia were subject to long-range transport of polluted air masses, while the east was mainly under the influence of local emissions of greenhouse gases. The relative contributions of the main anthropogenic and natural sources of CH4 are simulated using the Lagrangian model FLEXPART in order to identify dominant sources in the boundary layer and in the free troposphere. On western terrestrial flights, air mass composition is influenced by emissions from wetlands and anthropogenic activities (waste management, fossil fuel industry, and to a lesser extent the agricultural sector), while in the east, emissions are dominated by freshwater, wetlands, and the oceans, with a likely contribution from anthropogenic sources related to fossil fuels. Our results highlight the importance of the contributions from freshwater and ocean emissions. Considering the large uncertainties associated with them, our study suggests that the emissions from these aquatic sources should receive more attention in Siberia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-23-2293-2023
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2092549-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2069847-1
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  • 3
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    Effects of Rossby Waves Breaking and Atmospheric Blocking Formation on the Extreme Forest Fire and Floods in Eastern Siberia 2019
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Fire Vol. 6, No. 3 ( 2023-03-15), p. 122-
    Details
    In: Fire, MDPI AG, Vol. 6, No. 3 ( 2023-03-15), p. 122-
    Abstract: In 2019, the southern region of Eastern Siberia (located between 45° N and 60° N) experienced heavy floods, while the northern region (between 60° N and 75° N) saw intense forest fires that lasted for almost the entire summer, from 25 June to 12 August. To investigate the causes of these natural disasters, we analyzed the large-scale features of atmospheric circulation, specifically the Rossby wave breaking and atmospheric blocking events. In the summer of 2019, two types of Rossby wave breaking were observed: a cyclonic type, with a wave breaking over Siberia from the east (110° E–115° E), and an anticyclonic type, with a wave breaking over Siberia from the west (75° E–90° E). The sequence of the Rossby wave breaking and extreme weather events in summer, 2019 are as follows: 24–26 June (cyclonic type, extreme precipitation, flood), 28–29 June and 1–2 July (anticyclonic type, forest fires), 14–17 July (both types of breaking, forest fires), 25–28 July (cyclonic type, extreme precipitation, flood), 2 and 7 August (anticyclonic type, forest fires). Rossby wave breaking occurred three times, resulting in the formation and maintenance of atmospheric blocking over Eastern Siberia: 26 June–3 July, 12–21 July and 4–10 August. In general, the scenario of the summer events was as follows: cyclonic Rossby wave breaking over the southern part of Eastern Siberia (45° N–60° N) caused extreme precipitation (floods) and led to low gradients of potential vorticity and potential temperature in the west and east of Lake Baikal. The increased wave activity flux from the Europe–North Atlantic sector caused the anticyclonic-type Rossby wave breaking to occur west of the area of a low potential vorticity gradient and north of 60° N. This, in turn, contributed to the maintenance of blocking anticyclones in the north of Eastern Siberia, which led to the intensification and expansion of the area of forest fires. These events were preceded by an increase in the amplitude of the quasi-stationary wave structure over the North Atlantic and Europe during the first half of June.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2571-6255
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/fire6030122
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2924038-4
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  • 4
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    New Insights on the Chemical Composition of the Siberian Air Shed From The Yak-Aerosib Aircraft Campaigns
    American Meteorological Society ; 2010
    In:  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 91, No. 5 ( 2010-05), p. 625-642
    Details
    In: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 91, No. 5 ( 2010-05), p. 625-642
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-0007 , 1520-0477
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/2009BAMS2663.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2029396-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 419957-1
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  • 5
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    Estimation of black carbon emissions from Siberian fires using satellite observations of absorption and extinction optical depths
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2018
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 18, No. 20 ( 2018-10-17), p. 14889-14924
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 18, No. 20 ( 2018-10-17), p. 14889-14924
    Abstract: Abstract. Black carbon (BC) emissions from open biomass burning (BB) are known to have a considerable impact on the radiative budget of the atmosphere at both global and regional scales; however, these emissions are poorly constrained in models by atmospheric observations, especially in remote regions. Here, we investigate the feasibility of constraining BC emissions from BB using satellite observations of the aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD) and the aerosol extinction optical depth (AOD) retrieved from OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) and MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) measurements, respectively. We consider the case of Siberian BB BC emissions, which have the strong potential to impact the Arctic climate system. Using aerosol remote sensing data collected at Siberian sites of the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) along with the results of the fourth Fire Lab at Missoula Experiment (FLAME-4), we establish an empirical parameterization relating the ratio of the elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) contents in BB aerosol to the ratio of AAOD and AOD at the wavelengths of the satellite observations. Applying this parameterization to the BC and OC column amounts simulated using the CHIMERE chemistry transport model, we optimize the parameters of the BB emission model based on MODIS measurements of the fire radiative power (FRP); we then obtain top-down optimized estimates of the total monthly BB BC amounts emitted from intense Siberian fires that occurred from May to September 2012. The top-down estimates are compared to the corresponding values obtained using the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED4) and the Fire Emission Inventory–northern Eurasia (FEI-NE). Our simulations using the optimized BB aerosol emissions are verified against AAOD and AOD data that were withheld from the estimation procedure. The simulations are further evaluated against in situ EC and OC measurements at the Zotino Tall Tower Observatory (ZOTTO) and also against aircraft aerosol measurement data collected in the framework of the Airborne Extensive Regional Observations in SIBeria (YAK-AEROSIB) experiments. We conclude that our BC and OC emission estimates, considered with their confidence intervals, are consistent with the ensemble of the measurement data analyzed in this study. Siberian fires are found to emit 0.41±0.14 Tg of BC over the whole 5-month period considered; this estimate is a factor of 2 larger and a factor of 1.5 smaller than the corresponding estimates based on the GFED4 (0.20 Tg) and FEI-NE (0.61 Tg) data, respectively. Our estimates of monthly BC emissions are also found to be larger than the BC amounts calculated using the GFED4 data and smaller than those calculated using the FEI-NE data for any of the 5 months. Particularly large positive differences of our monthly BC emission estimates with respect to the GFED4 data are found in May and September. This finding indicates that the GFED4 database is likely to strongly underestimate BC emissions from agricultural burns and grass fires in Siberia. All of these differences have important implications for climate change in the Arctic, as it is found that about a quarter of the huge BB BC mass emitted in Siberia during the fire season of 2012 was transported across the polar circle into the Arctic. Overall, the results of our analysis indicate that a combination of the available satellite observations of AAOD and AOD can provide the necessary constraints on BB BC emissions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-18-14889-2018
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-18-14889-2018-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2092549-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2069847-1
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  • 6
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    Composition and Concentration of the Biogenic Components of the Aerosols Collected over Vasyugan Marshes and Karakan Pine Forest at Altitudes from 500 to 7000 m
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Atmosphere Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2023-02-02), p. 301-
    Details
    In: Atmosphere, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2023-02-02), p. 301-
    Abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the concentration of total protein, as well as the composition and abundance of culturable microorganisms in atmospheric aerosols collected over the Vasyugan marshes and the Karakan pine forest during a flight in September 2018 at altitudes from 500 to 7000 m. The determined concentrations of total protein in Karakan samples were on average much less than those for the same area in September of other years. The concentration and composition of microorganisms in aerosol samples were determined by cultural methods and isolate genotyping. Altitude dependences of concentrations of total protein and culturable microorganisms were revealed. A rather stable altitude profile of culturable microorganism concentration was found over the Vasyugan marshes. No microorganisms were found at altitudes 4000 and 5500 m over the Karakan pine forest. Non-spore-bearing and spore-forming bacteria, as well as molds and yeast-like fungi, were isolated from aerosol samples. A high concentration of cosmopolitan psychrotolerant yeast Aureobasidium, capable of causing severe mycoses, and opportunistic bacteria Acinetobacter were found. A great similarity of composition and an atypically high abundance of non-spore-bearing bacteria and psychrotolerant yeast-like fungi were revealed in samples taken at altitudes of 1000 and 500 m in both studied regions, which may be a consequence of large-scale horizontal transport of layers of atmospheric air contaminated with microorganisms.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4433
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/atmos14020301
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2605928-9
    SSG: 23
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  • 7
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    The Energy Model of Urban Heat Island
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Atmosphere Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2022-03-11), p. 457-
    Details
    In: Atmosphere, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2022-03-11), p. 457-
    Abstract: Despite the fact that the presence of a heat island over a city was established quite a long time ago, now there is no versatile algorithm for the determination of the urban heat island intensity. The proposed models either take into account only one or several factors for the formation of an urban heat island or do not consider physical reasons for the difference in thermodynamic conditions between a city and countryside. In this regard, it is impossible to make a forecast and determine the optimal methods for reducing the urban heat island intensity for an arbitrarily chosen city in a wide range of its characteristics and climatic conditions. This paper studies the causes for the formation of an urban heat island in order to develop the quantitative model of this process through the determination of the difference in radiation fluxes of various nature between a city and countryside (background area). A new equation allowing the intensity of an urban heat island in different seasons and different times of day, as well as under various atmospheric conditions, to be calculated from meteorological parameters measured at a stationary observation station is proposed. The model has been tested through the comparison of the results of numerical simulation with direct measurements of the heat island in Tomsk with a mobile station. It is shown that the main contributors to the formation of the heat island in Tomsk are anthropogenic heat emissions (80–90% in winter, 40–50% in summer) and absorption of shortwave radiation by the urban underlying surface (5–15% in winter, 40–50% summer). The absorption of longwave radiation by the urban underlying surface, absorption by atmospheric water vapor and other constituents, and heat consumption for evaporation are insignificant. An increase in the turbulent heat flux is responsible for the outflow of 40–50% of absorbed energy in summer and 20–30% in winter.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4433
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/atmos13030457
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2605928-9
    SSG: 23
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    To What Extent Can Viable Bacteria in Atmospheric Aerosols be Dangerous for Humans?
    Wiley ; 2008
    In:  CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water Vol. 36, No. 7 ( 2008-07), p. 564-571
    Details
    In: CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water, Wiley, Vol. 36, No. 7 ( 2008-07), p. 564-571
    Abstract: Multi‐year monitoring of atmospheric bioaerosol in Southwestern Siberia revealed the presence of a large number of various culturable microorganisms. It is known that viable microorganisms can cause directly or provoke different human diseases. It's very difficult to evaluate the danger represented by each microorganism to man directly. Therefore, a relatively simple method is required for evaluation of potential danger represented to man by the whole assembly of culturable microorganisms in an atmospheric aerosol sample. For bacteria, the method can be based on a number of individual characteristics of each microorganism determined in the course of biochemical and other test required for identification of the detected bacterium, and a number of other tests. It is proposed to classify the measured individual characteristics of bacteria under four groups of indices responsible for: (i) potential pathogenicity for man; (ii) the numbers of bacteria in the sample; (iii) resistance to unfavorable environmental factors; (iv) drug resistance of bacteria. Each of four groups of indices is numerically evaluated by a certain integral index, which quantitatively reflects the contribution of experimentally determined characteristics of bacteria. Expert evaluation of the contribution of each characteristic of microorganisms to the corresponding group of indices is performed. The generalized index of potential danger of culturable bacteria in atmospheric aerosols for human health is presented as the product of four integral indices summarizing the normalized individual integral indices for all bacteria detected in the sample. The work presents the results of measuring the variations of all the above indices for atmospheric air samples collected during one year.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1863-0650 , 1863-0669
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/clen.v36:7
    DOI: 10.1002/clen.200700194
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2270984-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2271097-8
    SSG: 13
    SSG: 14
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Large-scale aircraft observations of ultra-fine and fine particle concentrations in the remote Siberian troposphere: New particle formation studies
    Elsevier BV ; 2009
    In:  Atmospheric Environment Vol. 43, No. 6 ( 2009-2), p. 1302-1309
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Environment, Elsevier BV, Vol. 43, No. 6 ( 2009-2), p. 1302-1309
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1352-2310
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.11.032
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 216368-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1499889-0
    SSG: 14
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Physical characteristics of concentration fields of tropospheric bioaerosols in the South of Western Siberia
    Elsevier BV ; 2005
    In:  Journal of Aerosol Science Vol. 36, No. 5-6 ( 2005-5), p. 785-800
    Details
    In: Journal of Aerosol Science, Elsevier BV, Vol. 36, No. 5-6 ( 2005-5), p. 785-800
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8502
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.12.009
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 242500-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1499134-2
    SSG: 13
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