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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Micropatterned primary hepatocyte co-culture (HEPATOPAC) for fatty liver disease modeling and drug screening
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2023-09-22)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2023-09-22)
    Abstract: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a highly prevalent, progressive disorder and growing public health concern. To address this issue considerable research has been undertaken in pursuit of new NAFLD therapeutics. Development of effective, high-throughput in vitro models is an important aspect of drug discovery. Here, a micropatterned hepatocyte co-culture (MPCC) was used to model liver steatosis. The MPCC model (HEPATOPAC TM ) is comprised of hepatocytes and 3T3-J2 mouse stromal cells plated onto a patterned standard 96-well or 24-well plate, allowing the cultures to be handled and imaged in a standardized multi-well format. These studies employed high content imaging (HCI) analysis to assess lipid content in cultures. HCI analysis of lipid accumulation allows large numbers of samples to be imaged and analyzed in a relatively short period of time compared to manual acquisition and analysis methods. Treatment of MPCC with free fatty acids (FFA), high glucose and fructose (HGF), or a combination of both induces hepatic steatosis. MPCC treatment with ACC1/ACC2 inhibitors, as either a preventative or reversal agent, showed efficacy against FFA induced hepatic steatosis. Drug induced steatosis was also evaluated. Treatment with valproic acid showed steatosis induction in a lean background, which was significantly potentiated in a fatty liver background. Additionally, these media treatments changed expression of fatty liver related genes. Treatment of MPCC with FFA, HGF, or a combination reversibly altered expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, insulin signaling, and lipid transport. Together, these data demonstrate that MPCC is an easy to use, long-term functional in vitro model of NAFLD having utility for compound screening, drug toxicity evaluation, and assessment of gene regulation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42785-9
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Was the decline of saltmarsh tabanid populations after the 2010 oil spill associated with change in the larval food web?
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Ecosphere Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2022-07)
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    In: Ecosphere, Wiley, Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2022-07)
    Abstract: Horse flies of the species Tabanus nigrovittatus and Tabanus acutus are native to coastal marshlands. Their larvae are apex invertebrate predators, and their development is dependent on the food web in the marsh sediment. Surveillance of T. nigrovittatus after the 2010 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico showed population crashes of adult flies in southeast Louisiana marshes near oil landfall, but not in southwest Louisiana where oil did not reach. Sediment collection in 2011 from Louisiana marshes showed a near‐complete absence of larvae in the southeast yet high numbers in the southwest. We hypothesized that oil contamination destroyed critical components of the larval food web and/or residual toxicity led to larval death. We used 18S rRNA gene metagenomics to identify components of the food web in larval guts and sediment from southeast and southwest Louisiana marshes. Sediment oil contamination, biochemistry, and toxicity could not explain the lack of larvae in the southeast, because oiling at our high‐tide mark sites was low at the time of the study and toxicity was independent of sediment biochemistry. Hexapods were the main food web components in tabanid larval guts. Abundance of stink bug, vinegar fly, and mosquito species in the sediment was positively associated with the presence of larvae. However, these taxa were enriched in southeastern (near oil) versus southwestern (unoiled reference) sediment, and thus, lack of major food web components due to oiling could not explain lack of larva in the east. We conclude that the immediate crash in adult populations in oiled regions was the main cause for the absence of larvae the following year. While most saltmarsh arthropod groups had rebounded within a year after the oil spill, recovery of saltmarsh horse flies was ongoing for 5 years.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2150-8925 , 2150-8925
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.v13.7
    DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4157
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2572257-8
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    High-throughput detection of eukaryotic parasites and arboviruses in mosquitoes
    The Company of Biologists ; 2021
    In:  Biology Open Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2021-07-15)
    Details
    In: Biology Open, The Company of Biologists, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2021-07-15)
    Abstract: Vector-borne pathogens cause many human infectious diseases and are responsible for high mortality and morbidity throughout the world. They can also cause livestock epidemics with dramatic social and economic consequences. Due to its high costs, vector-borne disease surveillance is often limited to current threats, and the investigation of emerging pathogens typically occurs after the reports of clinical cases. Here, we use high-throughput sequencing to detect and identify a wide range of parasites and viruses carried by mosquitoes from Cambodia, Guinea, Mali and the USA. We apply this approach to individual Anopheles mosquitoes as well as pools of mosquitoes captured in traps; and compare the outcomes of this assay when applied to DNA or RNA. We identified known human and animal pathogens and mosquito parasites belonging to a wide range of taxa, as well as DNA sequences from previously uncharacterized organisms. Our results also revealed that analysis of the content of an entire trap could be an efficient approach to monitor and identify rare vector-borne pathogens in large surveillance studies. Overall, we describe a high-throughput and easy-to-customize assay to screen for a wide range of pathogens and efficiently complement current vector-borne disease surveillance approaches.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2046-6390
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1242/bio.058855
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Company of Biologists
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2632264-X
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Gut, oral and skin microbiome of Indian patrilineal families reveal perceptible association with age
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2020
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2020-03-30)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2020-03-30)
    Abstract: The human microbiome plays a key role in maintaining host homeostasis and is influenced by age, geography, diet, and other factors. Traditionally, India has an established convention of extended family arrangements wherein three or more generations, bound by genetic relatedness, stay in the same household. In the present study, we have utilized this unique family arrangement to understand the association of age with the microbiome. We characterized stool, oral and skin microbiome of 54 healthy individuals from six joint families by 16S rRNA gene-based metagenomics. In total, 69 (1.03%), 293 (2.68%) and 190 (8.66%) differentially abundant OTUs were detected across three generations in the gut, skin and oral microbiome, respectively. Age-associated changes in the gut and oral microbiome of patrilineal families showed positive correlations in the abundance of phyla Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria, respectively. Genera Treponema and Fusobacterium showed a positive correlation with age while Granulicatella and Streptococcus showed a negative correlation with age in the oral microbiome. Members of genus Prevotella illustrated high abundance and prevalence as a core OTUs in the gut and oral microbiome. In conclusion, this study highlights that precise and perceptible association of age with microbiome can be drawn when other causal factors are kept constant.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62195-5
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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