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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of long-term exercise on regional myocardial function and coronary collateral development after gradual coronary artery occlusion in pigs.
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 1990
    In:  Circulation Vol. 82, No. 5 ( 1990-11), p. 1778-1789
    Details
    In: Circulation, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 82, No. 5 ( 1990-11), p. 1778-1789
    Abstract: The effect of myocardial ischemia, induced by long-term exercise, on regional myocardial function and coronary collateral development was examined in pigs after gradual occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) with an ameroid occluder. Thirty days after surgery, regional myocardial function and blood flow were assessed during exercise in 22 pigs separated into exercise (n = 12) and sedentary groups (n = 10). The exercise group trained on a treadmill for 25 +/- 1 days, 30-50 min/day, at heart rates of 210-220 beats/min. After 5 weeks, another exercise test was performed. In the exercise group, after training, we observed an improvement in systolic wall thickening, expressed as a percentage of rest, in the collateral-dependent LCx region from 64 +/- 8% to 87 +/- 6% (p less than 0.01) at moderate exercise levels (220 beats/min) and from 45 +/- 7% to 73 +/- 7% (p less than 0.01) at severe exercise levels (265 beats/min). Transmural myocardial blood flow in the LCx region expressed as a ratio of flow in the nonoccluded region of the left ventricle also increased significantly (p less than 0.01) during severe exercise after 5 weeks. The sedentary group showed an improvement in systolic wall thickening in the LCx region during moderate exercise compared with the initial exercise test (p less than 0.05) but no significant change in systolic wall thickening or myocardial blood flow ratios during severe exercise after 5 weeks. We conclude that long-term exercise after gradual LCx coronary artery occlusion in pigs improves myocardial function and coronary collateral reserve in collateral-dependent myocardium during exercise.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-7322 , 1524-4539
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.82.5.1778
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 1990
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1466401-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The use of a modified 'surprise' question to identify and recruit dying patients into a research project
    BMJ ; 2011
    In:  BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care Vol. 1, No. Suppl_1 ( 2011-04-01), p. A8-A9
    Details
    In: BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care, BMJ, Vol. 1, No. Suppl_1 ( 2011-04-01), p. A8-A9
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-435X , 2045-4368
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2011-000020.22
    Language: English
    Publisher: BMJ
    Publication Date: 2011
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development of coronary collateral circulation in left circumflex Ameroid-occluded swine myocardium
    American Physiological Society ; 1987
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology Vol. 253, No. 5 ( 1987-11-01), p. H1279-H1288
    Details
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 253, No. 5 ( 1987-11-01), p. H1279-H1288
    Abstract: Coronary collateral development was examined in 34 pigs after gradual occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) with an Ameroid constrictor. Collateral development was assessed by measurements of myocardial blood flow and regional myocardial function at rest and during exercise over a 16-wk period after placement of the constrictor. Coronary collateral development was adequate to prevent severe infarction and restore blood flow to the collateral-dependent LCX region within 3-7 wk. Infarction averaged 5.0 +/- 1.3% of the LCX region. Blood flows at rest were 1.05 +/- 0.14 and 1.13 +/- 0.15 ml.min-1.g-1 in the subendocardium of the collateral and control regions, respectively, 7 wk postoperatively. Concurrently, collateral vessel development supported normal myocardial function at rest as determined by systolic wall thickening in the LCX region. However, collateral development was limited, since blood flows during moderate and severe exercise were reduced in the LCX region compared with control and left anterior descending and right coronary regions. Blood flow ratios (collateral/control flow) during severe exercise 3 wk postoperatively were 0.23 +/- 0.03 and 0.57 +/- 0.05 in the subendocardium and subepicardium and were constant throughout the 16-wk period throughout the study. Myocardial function of the collateral region also was reduced during exercise and a 30-min recovery period. We suggest that this limited coronary collateral circulation, which develops in response to gradual coronary occlusion in swine, serves as a model for the human collateral circulation for the study of protocols to alter growth and development of coronary collateral vessels.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6135 , 1522-1539
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1987.253.5.H1279
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1987
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477308-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Validation of a respiratory mask for measuring gas exchange in exercising swine
    American Physiological Society ; 1986
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 61, No. 3 ( 1986-09-01), p. 1226-1229
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 61, No. 3 ( 1986-09-01), p. 1226-1229
    Abstract: A respiratory mask was developed for resting and exercising swine. The lightweight, low-dead-space design fits airtight against the animals' snouts to provide breath-by-breath measurements of respiration and metabolism. Validation of the mask was carried out using the Fick principle with dye-dilution cardiac outputs and arterial and mixed venous O2 content measurements. Linear regression analysis of O2 consumption (VO2) measurements by the two techniques revealed a slope of 1.07 and a Y-intercept of -1.06 ml X kg-1 X min-1. The standard error of the estimate of VO2 was 3.5 ml X kg-1 X min-1. The mask design permits rapid measurements of ventilation and metabolism in response to acute and chronic exercise.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1986.61.3.1226
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1986
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of endurance exercise on coronary collateral blood flow in miniature swine
    American Physiological Society ; 1978
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology Vol. 234, No. 5 ( 1978-05-01), p. H614-H619
    Details
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 234, No. 5 ( 1978-05-01), p. H614-H619
    Abstract: Coronary collateral blood flow was measured in 7 miniature pigs, exercise trained (ET) for 10 mo by running about 35 km/wk, and in 10 sedentary control pigs (SC). In acute, open-chest preparations, radiolabeled (85SR, 141CE, or 51Cr) microspheres, 15 +/- 5 micron in diameter, were injected into the left atrium during each of three conditions: control (C), total occlusion of the left circumflex artery (TO), and TO plus mechanically elevated aortic pressure (TOP). Blood flow to the circumflex bed during control condition in ET and SC was 0.36 +/- 0.07 (SE) and 0.43 +/- 0.10 ml.g-1.min-1, respectively. During TO, circumflex flow in ET and SC fell to 0.05 +/- 0.01 and 0.06 +/- 0.01 ml.g-1.min-1, respectively. In the presence of TOP, left circumflex flow in ET and SC rose to 0.11 +/- 0.04 and 0.11 +/- 0.02 ml.g-1.min-1, respectively. Blood flow to the tissue bed of the left anterior descendens was the same in both groups of pigs under all conditions. Thus, 10 mo of endurance exercise training seems to have no effect on the development of coronary collaterals in the left ventricles of pig hearts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6135 , 1522-1539
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1978.234.5.H614
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1978
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477308-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Coronary arterial tree remodeling in right ventricular hypertrophy
    American Physiological Society ; 1993
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology Vol. 265, No. 1 ( 1993-07-01), p. H366-H375
    Details
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 265, No. 1 ( 1993-07-01), p. H366-H375
    Abstract: We investigated coronary vascular adaptations occurring in right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH). Six pigs had RVH induced by pulmonary artery stenosis for 5 wk. Three pigs served as controls. At autopsy we made silicone elastomer casts of the right coronary arteries (RCA) and collected morphometric data. We organized the segments and their diameters and lengths into a framework of a modified Strahler's ordering scheme in which the order number of an offspring is increased only if its diameter is greater than the diameters of its parents by a specific amount. The segments of the same order arranged in series are combined into elements. In RVH the total number of orders of vessels was larger than the control by 1; the total number of elements in each order increased greatly, whereas the diameters and lengths of each order decreased somewhat. The total RCA resistance decreased in RVH mainly because the total cross-sectional area (CSA) of every order was increased. Because the diameters of the resistance vessels decreased, this decrease in total RCA resistance was due to a numerical increase in resistance vessels. These findings indicate that new flow channels have been established. In contrast, the RCA was remodeled in that the lumen diameter increased. Pressure-flow curves showed a decrease of coronary resistance in RVH, in agreement with the morphometric findings. We conclude that there is significant remodeling of the coronary arterial vasculature in RVH, and any future analysis of coronary hemodynamics of the right ventricle in hypertrophy must take the morphometric remodeling into account.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6135 , 1522-1539
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1993.265.1.H366
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1993
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477308-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    RESPONSES TO ADENOSINE AND REACTIVE HYPEREMIA DURING ADRENERGIC BLOCKADE IN EXERCISING MINIATURE SWINE
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 1976
    In:  Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 1976-21), p. 66-
    Details
    In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 1976-21), p. 66-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0195-9131
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1249/00005768-197621000-00102
    RVK:
    ZX 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 1976
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2031167-9
    SSG: 31
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Coronary collateral development in swine after coronary artery occlusion.
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 1992
    In:  Circulation Research Vol. 71, No. 6 ( 1992-12), p. 1490-1500
    Details
    In: Circulation Research, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 71, No. 6 ( 1992-12), p. 1490-1500
    Abstract: We have quantified the development of the coronary collateral circulation in the pig. The collateral circulation was induced to grow by placing an ameroid occluder on the left circumflex coronary artery. Two to 16 weeks after ameroid placement, the coronary collateral circulation was identified after the injection of several colors of a silicone polymer into the coronary arteries and the aorta. We identified intercoronary and extracardiac collaterals and quantified their number, location, size, and wall thickness. Intercoronary collaterals grew to a level that represents a 14-fold increase in normal collateral blood flow under resting conditions compared with the values in an animal not subjected to coronary artery occlusion. Extracardiac collaterals could potentially supply approximately 30% of resting flow. The sources of the extracardiac collaterals were the bronchial and internal mammary arteries. Coronary collateral morphometry and DNA synthesis in the pig heart also were examined. Coronary collaterals had significantly less smooth muscle than did normal arterioles. This may account, in part, for the reduced response of the coronary collaterals to vasodilators. We observed intense DNA synthesis in endothelial and smooth muscle cells in the first 2 or 3 weeks of ischemia. However, DNA synthesis rapidly ceased after this time, coincident with coronary collateral reserve values (ischemic/nonischemic regional blood flow ratios during maximal vasodilation) reaching their maximum level. This suggests that failure of the vessels to continue proliferating accounts for the occurrence of the plateau in blood flow levels.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-7330 , 1524-4571
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1161/01.RES.71.6.1490
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 1992
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467838-X
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of exercise on collateral development in myocardial ischemia in pigs
    American Physiological Society ; 1984
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 56, No. 3 ( 1984-03-01), p. 656-665
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 56, No. 3 ( 1984-03-01), p. 656-665
    Abstract: To study the effects of exercise on collateral development in myocardial ischemia, we induced coronary arterial stenosis of the left circumflex coronary artery (LCCA) in 18 of 30 pigs. During that surgery, we identified the coronary bed at risk. Nine of these pigs were then subjected to 5 mo of exercise training on a treadmill. After exercise training, we determined regional collateral and myocardial blood flow using radiolabeled microspheres. At autopsy, all animals had complete occlusion of the LCCA. Infarct size in the exercise-trained pigs was significantly less than in the sedentary pigs (5.9 +/- 1.0 vs. 11.7 +/- 1.0% of the left ventricle). The exercise-trained animals had a greater increase in collateral flow, 35.1 +/- 3.0 vs. 28.7 +/- 4.1 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1, in the noninfarcted jeopardized zone of the LCCA bed. The major findings of the study were the following: 1) chronic coronary artery stenosis progressing to occlusion stimulated development of the collateral circulation and salvaged tissue in the jeopardized myocardium of an animal model with sparse collaterals; 2) development of the collateral circulation and tissue salvage is increased by exercise training; 3) collaterals develop primarily in or near the ischemic zone; and 4) all collateral beds develop a circumferential flow gradient following occlusion.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1984.56.3.656
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1984
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Durchblutung des Herzmuskels von Miniaturschweinen bei körperlichem Training
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 1977
    In:  Basic Research in Cardiology Vol. 72, No. 4 ( 1977-7), p. 326-331
    Details
    In: Basic Research in Cardiology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 72, No. 4 ( 1977-7), p. 326-331
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0300-8428 , 1435-1803
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/BF02023592
    RVK:
    XA 31125
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 1977
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1458470-0
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