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An intercomparison study of ELISAs for the detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus – evaluating six conditionally dependent tests

Schoneberg, Clara ; Böttcher, Jens ; Janowetz, Britta ; [et al.]

Public Library of Science (PLoS) ; 2022

In: PLOS ONE Vol. 17, No. 1 ( 2022-1-25), p. e0262944-

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In: PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 17, No. 1 ( 2022-1-25), p. e0262944-

Abstract: Latent class analysis is a widely used statistical method for evaluating diagnostic tests without any gold standard. It requires the results of at least two tests applied to the same individuals. Based on the resulting response patterns, the method estimates the test accuracy and the unknown disease status for all individuals in the sample. An important assumption is the conditional independence of the tests. If tests with the same biological principle are used, the assumption is not fulfilled, which may lead to biased results. In a recent publication, we developed a method that considers the dependencies in the latent class model and estimates all parameters using frequentist methods. Here, we evaluate the practicability of the method by applying it to the results of six ELISA tests for antibodies against the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus in pigs that generally follow the same biological principle. First, we present different methods of identifying suitable starting values for the algorithm and apply these to the dataset and a vaccinated subgroup. We present the calculated values of the test accuracies, the estimated proportion of antibody-positive animals and the dependency structure for both datasets. Different starting values led to matching results for the entire dataset. For the vaccinated subgroup, the results were more dependent on the selected starting values. All six ELISA tests are well suited to detect antibodies against PRRS virus, whereas none of the tests had the best values for sensitivity and specificity simultaneously. The results thus show that the method used is able to determine the parameter values of conditionally dependent tests with suitable starting values. The choice of test should be based on the general fit-for-purpose concept and the population under study.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1932-6203

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262944

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262944.g001

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262944.t001

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262944.t002

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262944.t003

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262944.t004

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262944.s001

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262944.s002

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262944.s003

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262944.s004

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262944.s005

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262944.s006

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262944.s007

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262944.s008

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262944.s009

Language: English

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Publication Date: 2022

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2267670-3

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Prevalence of and factors associated with swellings of the ribs in tie stall housed dairy cows in Germany

Abele, Greta E. ; Zablotski, Yury ; Feist, Melanie ; [et al.]

Public Library of Science (PLoS) ; 2022

In: PLOS ONE Vol. 17, No. 7 ( 2022-7-15), p. e0269726-

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In: PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 17, No. 7 ( 2022-7-15), p. e0269726-

Abstract: Swellings of the ribs result from severe injury and affected animals are subjected to considerable and prolonged pain and suffering. The knowledge on rib swellings in dairy cows has yet been very limited. Therefore, the present study aimed at determining the prevalence of rib swellings in tie stall housed dairy cows in Germany as well as at identifying associated factors. Mean animal-level prevalence of rib swellings for 2,134 cows was 7.54% with a mean of 7.00% on farm level (range 0.00% - 37.49%). Multivariable mixed logistic regression models including nested random effects were built and factors associated with swellings of the ribs were evaluated for 1,740 dairy cows on 96 farms in Germany. Out of the initial 22 predictors, 8 factors were selected for the final model. Managing dairy cows on a part-time basis (OR 0.49 [CI 0.25–0.98]) appeared to decrease the odds for rib swellings compared with full-time farming. Cattle breeds other than Simmental entailed lower odds for rib swellings (OR 0.29 [CI 0.14–0.59] ). Lame cows (OR 2.59 [CI 1.71–3.93]) and cows with wounds and/or swellings of the hocks (OR 2.77 [CI 1.32–5.84] ) had more than two times the odds for rib swellings compared with sound animals. The results of the present study can help raising awareness of rib swellings in dairy cows and contribute to the body of evidence on this condition.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1932-6203

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269726

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269726.g001

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269726.t001

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269726.t002

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269726.t003

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269726.s001

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269726.s002

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269726.s003

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269726.s004

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269726.s005

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269726.s006

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269726.s007

Language: English

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Publication Date: 2022

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2267670-3

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Seroprevalence of Major Pasture-Borne Parasitoses (Gastrointestinal Nematodes, Liver Flukes and Lungworms) in German Dairy Cattle Herds, Association with Management Factors and Impact on Production Parameters

Springer, Andrea ; Jordan, Daniela ; Kirse, Alina ; [et al.]

MDPI AG ; 2021

In: Animals Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2021-07-12), p. 2078-

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In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2021-07-12), p. 2078-

Abstract: Pasture-borne parasites adversely affect bovine health and productivity worldwide. In Europe, gastrointestinal nematodes, especially Ostertagia ostertagi, the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica and the lungworm Dictyocaulus viviparus represent the most important parasites of dairy cattle. The present study assessed exposure towards these parasites among 646 cattle herds in three parts of Germany during 2017–2019 via antibody detection in bulk tank milk (BTM). Overall, O. ostertagi levels indicative of production losses were detected in 41.2% (266/646; 95% confidence interval (CI): 37.4–45.1%) of BTM samples, while F. hepatica seroprevalence amounted to 14.9% (96/646; 95% CI: 12.2–17.9%). Only 2.3% (15/646; 95% CI: 1.4–3.9%) of samples were D. viviparus antibody-positive. Significantly lower O. ostertagi as well as F. hepatica seroprevalence was detected in dual-purpose breeds compared to high-performance breeds from the same region. Management factors related to parasite exposure included access to fresh grass and hay, silage quality and anthelmintic treatment. Furthermore, F. hepatica and O. ostertagi seropositivity was significantly associated with suboptimal herd-level body condition. Interestingly, the relationship between seropositivity and productivity differed between breed types. Negative impacts on milk yield were detected only in high-performance breeds, while O. ostertagi seropositivity was associated with a lower milk fat content in dual-purpose herds.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2076-2615

URL: Article

DOI: 10.3390/ani11072078

Language: English

Publisher: MDPI AG

Publication Date: 2021

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7

SSG: 23

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Inventory of Epidemiological Data Sources in Preparation of a Joint Analysis of Zoonotic Disease Information

Wendt, Anna ; Kreienbrock, Lothar ; Campe, Amely

University of Illinois Libraries ; 2014

In: Online Journal of Public Health Informatics Vol. 6, No. 1 ( 2014-03-09)

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In: Online Journal of Public Health Informatics, University of Illinois Libraries, Vol. 6, No. 1 ( 2014-03-09)

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1947-2579

URL: Article

DOI: 10.5210/ojphi.v6i1.5124

Language: Unknown

Publisher: University of Illinois Libraries

Publication Date: 2014

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606835-7

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Data_Sheet_1.zip

Schoneberg, Clara ; Kreienbrock, Lothar ; Campe, Amely

Frontiers Media SA ; 2021

In: Frontiers in Veterinary Science Vol. 8 ( 2021-2-10)

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In: Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 8 ( 2021-2-10)

Abstract: Latent class analysis is a well-established method in human and veterinary medicine for evaluating the accuracy of diagnostic tests without a gold standard. An important assumption of this procedure is the conditional independence of the tests. If tests with the same biological principle are used, this assumption is no longer met. Therefore, the model has to be adapted so that the dependencies between the tests can be considered. Our approach extends the traditional latent class model with a term for the conditional dependency of the tests. This extension increases the number of parameters to be estimated and leads to negative degrees of freedom of the model, meaning that not enough information is contained in the existing data to obtain a unique estimate. As a result, there is no clear solution. Hence, an iterative algorithm was developed to keep the number of parameters to be estimated small. Given adequate starting values, our approach first estimates the conditional dependencies and then regards the resulting values as fixed to recalculate the test accuracies and the prevalence with the same method used for independent tests. Subsequently, the new values of the test accuracy and prevalence are used to recalculate the terms for the conditional dependencies. These two steps are repeated until the model converges. We simulated five application scenarios based on diagnostic tests used in veterinary medicine. The results suggest that our method and the Bayesian approach produce similar precise results. However, while the presented approach is able to calculate more accurate results than the Bayesian approach if the test accuracies are initially misjudged, the estimates of the Bayesian method are more precise when incorrect dependencies are assumed. This finding shows that our approach is a useful addition to the existing Bayesian methods, while it has the advantage of allowing simpler and more objective estimations.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2297-1769

URL: Article

DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.588176

DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.588176.s001

Language: Unknown

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Publication Date: 2021

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2834243-4

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Vergiftungsverdachtsfälle in der Kleintierpraxis – eine retrospektive und prospektive Erfassung

Kösters, Sarah ; Campe, Amely ; Kietzmann, Manfred ; [et al.]

Georg Thieme Verlag KG ; 2018

In: Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere / Heimtiere Vol. 46, No. 03 ( 2018-06), p. 145-155

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In: Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere / Heimtiere, Georg Thieme Verlag KG, Vol. 46, No. 03 ( 2018-06), p. 145-155

Abstract: Ziel: Systematische Untersuchung der Behandlungsdaten von Patienten, die mit Vergiftungsverdacht in Kleintierpraxen vorgestellt wurden. Material und Methoden: In 11 exemplarisch ausgewählten Kleintierpraxen erfolgten eine Auswertung der elektronischen Daten von Vergiftungsverdachtsfällen über 2 Jahre (2006 und 2007), eine Evaluierung der von den Tierärzten im Zeitraum eines Jahres (2009/2010) ausgefüllten Erhebungsbögen zu Vergiftungsverdachtsfällen sowie eine Auswertung der „Kontaktgruppe”, d. h. aller Patienten mit mindestens einem Besuch in 2007. Ergebnisse: Im Jahr 2007 wurde etwa 1 von 200 Hunden bzw. 1 von 500 Katzenpatienten mit einer Vergiftung vorgestellt. Über 70 % der Fälle betrafen Hunde, wobei einige Jagdhunderassen häufiger betroffen waren als ihrem Anteil an der Patientenpopulation entsprechen würde. Der Verdacht war retrospektiv vor allem bei kastrierten Hunden begründet. Neben zahlreichen unspezifischen Symptomen wurden häufig Blutungen beobachtet. Bei ZNS-Symptomen oder kritischem Allgemeinzustand lag vermehrt ein begründeter Verdacht vor. Bei unbegründetem Vergiftungsverdacht bestand meist eine Entzündung im Magen-Darm-Trakt. Weitere häufige Erkrankungen waren Infektionen, Tumoren und Autoimmunerkrankungen. Als häufigste Toxine wurden retrospektiv Cumarinderivate (37 %), Arzneimittel (10 %) und Schokolade (7 %) ermittelt. Prospektiv war der Anteil von Arzneimittel- und Pflanzenvergiftungen größer. Die Diagnose wurde meist anhand von Anamnese und klinischem Bild gestellt. Die Behandlung erfolgte überwiegend symptomatisch. Schlussfolgerungen: Eine Vergiftung mit Cumarinderivaten stellt bei Hunden, aber auch Katzen die häufigste Vergiftung dar. Die Gefahr durch Permethrin für Katzen ist weiterhin aktuell. In der täglichen Praxis wird meist ohne Toxinnachweis symptomatisch therapiert. Dabei ist das ursächliche Toxin oft nicht bekannt. Gerade deshalb sollten zusätzliche Maßnahmen zur Elimination (Magen-/Rektumspülung, medizinische Kohle, Lipidtherapie) als Therapieoption mit einbezogen werden. Eine erfolgreiche systematische prospektive Erhebung im Praxisalltag erfordert eine gute Zusammenarbeit zwischen Praxis und Untersucher.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1434-1239 , 2567-5842

URL: Article

DOI: 10.15654/TPK-170475

Language: German

Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG

Publication Date: 2018

SSG: 22

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Data_Sheet_1.xlsx

Winter, Fenja ; Schoneberg, Clara ; Wolf, Annika ; [et al.]

Frontiers Media SA ; 2021

In: Frontiers in Veterinary Science Vol. 8 ( 2021-2-10)

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In: Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 8 ( 2021-2-10)

Abstract: Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii . Inhalation of contaminated dust particles or aerosols originating from animals (esp. small ruminants) is the main source of human infection. Hence, an active early warning system for Q fever in German small ruminant livestock was conceptualized to prevent human infections. First, we describe the best practice for establishing this system before evaluating its feasibility, as the combination of both evokes conflicts. Vaginal swabs from all husbandry systems with a focus on reproductive females should pooled and investigated by PCR to detect C. burnetii -shedding animals. Multistage risk-based sampling shall be carried out at the flock level and within-flock level. At the flock level, all flocks that are at risk to transmit the pathogen to the public must be sampled. At the within-flock level, all primi- and multiparous females after lambing must be tested in order to increase the probability of identifying a positive herd. Sampling should be performed during the main lambing period and before migration in residential areas. Furthermore, individual animals should be tested before migration or exhibition to ensure a negative status. If a flock tests positive in at least one individual sample, then flock-specific preventive measures should be implemented. This approach implies huge financial costs (sample testing, action/control measures). Hence, taking the step to develop more feasible and affordable preventive measures, e.g., vaccinating small ruminant flocks, should replace testing wherever justifiable.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2297-1769

URL: Article

DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.623786

DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.623786.s001

Language: Unknown

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Publication Date: 2021

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2834243-4

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Detection of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin genes (A–F) in dairy farms from Northern Germany using PCR: A case-control study

Fohler, Svenja ; Discher, Sabrina ; Jordan, Eva ; [et al.]

Elsevier BV ; 2016

In: Anaerobe Vol. 39 ( 2016-06), p. 97-104

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In: Anaerobe, Elsevier BV, Vol. 39 ( 2016-06), p. 97-104

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1075-9964

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.03.008

Language: English

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Publication Date: 2016

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461095-4

SSG: 12

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Correction to: Unexpected high frequency of neurofibroma in the celiac ganglion of German cattle

Dammann, Insa ; Wemheuer, Wiebke M. ; Wrede, Arne ; [et al.]

Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2020

In: Veterinary Research Vol. 51, No. 1 ( 2020-12)

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In: Veterinary Research, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 51, No. 1 ( 2020-12)

Abstract: An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1297-9716

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00855-0

Language: English

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Publication Date: 2020

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2012391-7

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Case-control study on factors associated with a decreased milk yield and a depressed health status of dairy herds in northern Germany

Jensen, Katharina Charlotte ; Frömke, Cornelia ; Schneider, Bettina ; [et al.]

Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2019

In: BMC Veterinary Research Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2019-12)

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In: BMC Veterinary Research, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2019-12)

Abstract: In the past years, it became apparent that health status and performance differ considerably within dairy farms in Northern Germany. In order to obtain clues with respect to possible causes of these differences, a case-control study was performed. Case farms, which showed signs of health and performance problems, and control farms, which had none of these signs, were compared. Risk factors from different areas such as health management, housing, hygiene and nutrition were investigated as these are known to be highly influential. The aim of this study was to identify major factors within these areas that have the strongest association with health and performance problems of dairy herds in Northern Germany. Results In the final model, a lower energy density in the roughage fraction of the diet, more pens with dirty lying areas and a low ratio of cows per watering spaces were associated with a higher risk for herd health problems. Moreover, case farms were affected by infections with intestinal parasites, lungworms, liver flukes and Johne’s Disease numerically more often than control farms. Case farms more often had pens with raised cubicles compared to the deep bedded stalls or straw yards found in control farms. In general, the hygiene of the floors and beddings was worse in case farms. Concerning nutrition, the microbiological and sensory quality of the provided silages was often insufficient, even in control farms. Less roughage was provided to early lactating cows and the feed was pushed to the feeding fence less frequently in case farms than in control farms. Conclusions The results show that milk yield and health status were associated with various factors from different areas stressing the importance of all aspects of management for good animal health and performance. Moreover, this study confirmed well-known risk factors for health problems and performance losses. These should better be taken heed of in herd health management.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1746-6148

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2190-4

Language: English

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Publication Date: 2019

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2191675-5

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