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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    The Winchcombe meteorite, a unique and pristine witness from the outer solar system
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2022
    In:  Science Advances Vol. 8, No. 46 ( 2022-11-18)
    Details
    In: Science Advances, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 8, No. 46 ( 2022-11-18)
    Abstract: Rapid analysis of a meteorite from an asteroid reveals the primitive composition of volatiles in the early Solar System.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2375-2548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq3925
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2810933-8
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  • 2
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    The amino acid and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compositions of the promptly recovered CM2 Winchcombe carbonaceous chondrite
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Meteoritics & Planetary Science
    Details
    In: Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Wiley
    Abstract: The rapid recovery of the Winchcombe meteorite offers a valuable opportunity to study the soluble organic matter (SOM) profile in pristine carbonaceous astromaterials. Our interests in the biologically relevant molecules, amino acids—monomers of protein, and the most prevalent meteoritic organics—polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are addressed by analyzing the solvent extracts of a Winchcombe meteorite stone using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The Winchcombe sample contains an amino acid abundance of ~1132 parts‐per‐billion that is about 10 times lower than other CM2 meteorites. The detection of terrestrially rare amino acids, including α‐aminoisobutyric acid (AIB); isovaline; β‐alanine; α‐, β‐, and γ‐amino‐n‐butyric acids; and 5‐aminopentanoic acid, and the racemic enantiomeric ratios ( D / L  = 1) observed for alanine and isovaline indicate that these amino acids are indigenous to the meteorite and not terrestrial contaminants. The presence of predominantly α‐AIB and isovaline is consistent with their formation via the Strecker‐cyanohydrin synthetic pathway. The L‐enantiomeric excesses in isovaline previously observed for aqueously altered meteorites were viewed as an indicator of parent body aqueous processing; thus, the racemic ratio of isovaline observed for Winchcombe, alongside the overall high free:total amino acid ratio, and the low amino acid concentration suggest that the analyzed stone is derived from a lithology that has experienced brief episode(s) of aqueous alteration. Winchcombe also contains 2‐ to 6‐ring alkylated and nonalkylated PAHs. The low total PAHs abundance (6177 ppb) and high nonalkylated:alkylated ratio are distinct from that observed for heavily aqueously altered CMs. The weak petrographic properties of Winchcombe, as well as the discrepancies observed for the Winchcombe SOM content—a low total amino acid abundance comparable to heavily altered CMs, and yet the high free:total amino acid and nonalkylated:alkylated PAH ratios are on par with the less altered CMs—suggest that Winchcombe could represent a class of weak, poorly lithified meteorite not been previously studied.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1086-9379 , 1945-5100
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/maps.13936
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2011097-2
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 3
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    Insoluble macromolecular organic matter in the Winchcombe meteorite
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Meteoritics & Planetary Science
    Details
    In: Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Wiley
    Abstract: The Winchcombe meteorite fell on February 28, 2021 in Gloucestershire, United Kingdom. As the most accurately recorded carbonaceous chondrite fall, the Winchcombe meteorite represents an opportunity to link a tangible sample of known chemical constitution to a specific region of the solar system whose chemistry can only be otherwise predicted or observed remotely. Winchcombe is a CM carbonaceous chondrite, a group known for their rich and varied abiotic organic chemistry. The rapid collection of Winchcombe provides an opportunity to study a relatively terrestrial contaminant‐limited meteoritic organic assemblage. The majority of the organic matter in CM chondrites is macromolecular in nature and we have performed nondestructive and destructive analyses of Winchcombe by Raman spectroscopy, online pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (pyrolysis–GC–MS), and stepped combustion. The Winchcombe pyrolysis products were consistent with a CM chondrite, namely aromatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, sulfur‐containing units including thiophenes, oxygen‐containing units such as phenols and furans, and nitrogen‐containing units such as pyridine; many substituted/alkylated forms of these units were also present. The presence of phenols in the online pyrolysis products indicated only limited influence from aqueous alteration, which can deplete the phenol precursors in the macromolecule when aqueous alteration is extensive. Raman spectroscopy and stepped combustion also generated responses consistent with a CM chondrite. The pyrolysis–GC–MS data are likely to reflect the more labile and thermally sensitive portions of the macromolecular materials while the Raman and stepped combustion data will also reflect the more refractory and nonpyrolyzable component; hence, we accessed the complete macromolecular fraction of the recently fallen Winchcombe meteorite and revealed a chemical constitution that is similar to other meteorites of the CM group.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1086-9379 , 1945-5100
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/maps.13952
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2011097-2
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 4
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    A novel organic-rich meteoritic clast from the outer solar system
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2019
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2019-02-28)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2019-02-28)
    Abstract: The Zag meteorite which is a thermally-metamorphosed H ordinary chondrite contains a primitive xenolithic clast that was accreted to the parent asteroid after metamorphism. The cm-sized clast contains abundant large organic grains or aggregates up to 20 μm in phyllosilicate-rich matrix. Here we report organic and isotope analyses of a large (~10 μm) OM aggregate in the Zag clast. The X-ray micro-spectroscopic technique revealed that the OM aggregate has sp 2 dominated hydrocarbon networks with a lower abundance of heteroatoms than in IOM from primitive (CI,CM,CR) carbonaceous chondrites, and thus it is distinguished from most of the OM in carbonaceous meteorites. The OM aggregate has high D/H and 15 N/ 14 N ratios (δD = 2,370 ± 74‰ and δ 15 N = 696 ± 100‰), suggesting that it originated in a very cold environment such as the interstellar medium or outer region of the solar nebula, while the OM is embedded in carbonate-bearing matrix resulting from aqueous activities. Thus, the high D/H ratio must have been preserved during the extensive late-stage aqueous processing. It indicates that both the OM precursors and the water had high D/H ratios. Combined with 16 O-poor nature of the clast, the OM aggregate and the clast are unique among known chondrite groups. We further propose that the clast possibly originated from D/P type asteroids or trans-Neptunian Objects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39357-1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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  • 5
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    One-pot synthesis of amino acid precursors with insoluble organic matter in planetesimals with aqueous activity
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2017
    In:  Science Advances Vol. 3, No. 3 ( 2017-03-03)
    Details
    In: Science Advances, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 3, No. 3 ( 2017-03-03)
    Abstract: The exogenous delivery of organic molecules could have played an important role in the emergence of life on the early Earth. Carbonaceous chondrites are known to contain indigenous amino acids as well as various organic compounds and complex macromolecular materials, such as the so-called insoluble organic matter (IOM), but the origins of the organic matter are still subject to debate. We report that the water-soluble amino acid precursors are synthesized from formaldehyde, glycolaldehyde, and ammonia with the presence of liquid water, simultaneously with macromolecular organic solids similar to the chondritic IOM. Amino acid products from hydrothermal experiments after acid hydrolysis include α-, β-, and γ-amino acids up to five carbons, for which relative abundances are similar to those extracted from carbonaceous chondrites. One-pot aqueous processing from simple ubiquitous molecules can thus produce a wide variety of meteoritic organic matter from amino acid precursors to macromolecular IOM in chondrite parent bodies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2375-2548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602093
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2810933-8
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  • 6
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    Organics preserved in anhydrous interplanetary dust particles: Pristine or not?
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Meteoritics & Planetary Science Vol. 55, No. 6 ( 2020-06), p. 1320-1348
    Details
    In: Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Wiley, Vol. 55, No. 6 ( 2020-06), p. 1320-1348
    Abstract: The chondritic‐porous subset of interplanetary dust particles ( CP ‐ IDP s) are thought to have a cometary origin. Since the CP ‐ IDP s are anhydrous and unaltered by aqueous processes that are common to chondritic organic matter ( OM ), they represent the most pristine material of the solar system. However, the study of IDP OM might be hindered by their further alteration by flash heating during atmospheric entry, and we have limited understanding on how short‐term heating influences their organic content. In order to investigate this problem, five CP ‐ IDP s were studied for their OM contents, distributions, and isotopic compositions at the submicro‐ to nanoscale levels. The OM contained in the IDP s in this study spans the spectrum from primitive OM to that which has been significantly processed by heat. Similarities in the Raman D bands of the meteoritic and IDP OM s indicate that the overall gain in the sizes of crystalline domains in response to heating is similar. However, the Raman Γ G values of the OM in all of the five IDP s clearly deviate from those of chondritic OM that had been processed during a prolonged episode of parent body heating. Such disparity suggests that the nonaromatic contents of the OM are different. Short duration heating further increases the H/C ratio and reduces the δ 13 C and δD values of the IDP OM . Our findings suggest that IDP OM contains a significant proportion of disordered C with low H content, such as sp 2 olefinic C=C, sp 3 C–C, and/or carbonyl contents as bridging material.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1086-9379 , 1945-5100
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/maps.v55.6
    DOI: 10.1111/maps.13414
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2011097-2
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 7
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    Non‐protein amino acids identified in carbon‐rich Hayabusa particles
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Meteoritics & Planetary Science Vol. 57, No. 4 ( 2022-04), p. 776-793
    Details
    In: Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Wiley, Vol. 57, No. 4 ( 2022-04), p. 776-793
    Abstract: Amino acid abundances in acid‐hydrolyzed hot water extracts of gold foils containing five Category 3 (carbon‐rich) Hayabusa particles were studied using liquid chromatography with tandem fluorescence and accurate mass detection. Initial particle analyses using field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry indicated that the particles were composed mainly of carbon. Prior to amino acid analysis, infrared and Raman microspectroscopy showed some grains possessed primitive organic carbon. Although trace terrestrial contamination, namely l ‐protein amino acids, was observed in all Hayabusa extracts, several terrestrially uncommon non‐protein amino acids were also identified. Some Hayabusa particles contained racemic ( d ≈ l ) mixtures of the non‐protein amino acids β‐aminoisobutyric acid (β‐AIB) and β‐amino ‐n ‐butyric acid (β‐ABA) at low abundances ranging from 0.09 to 0.31 nmol g −1 . Larger abundances of the non‐protein amino acid β‐alanine (9.2 nmol g −1 , ≈4.5 times greater than background levels) were measured in an extract of three Hayabusa particles. This β‐alanine abundance was ≈6 times higher than that measured in an extract of a CM2 Murchison grain processed in parallel. The comparatively high β‐alanine abundance is surprising as asteroid Itokawa is similar to amino acid‐poor LL ordinary chondrites. Elevated β‐alanine abundances and racemic β‐AIB and β‐ABA in Hayabusa grains suggested these compounds have non‐biological and plausibly non‐terrestrial origins. These results are the first evidence of plausibly extraterrestrial amino acids in asteroid material from a sample‐return mission and demonstrate the capabilities of the analytical protocols used to study asteroid Ryugu and Bennu samples returned by the JAXA Hayabusa2 and NASA OSIRIS‐REx missions, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1086-9379 , 1945-5100
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/maps.v57.4
    DOI: 10.1111/maps.13794
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2011097-2
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 8
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    The Martian subsurface as a potential window into the origin of life
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2018
    In:  Nature Geoscience Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2018-1), p. 21-26
    Details
    In: Nature Geoscience, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2018-1), p. 21-26
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1752-0894 , 1752-0908
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41561-017-0015-2
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2396648-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2405323-5
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Heating experiments of the Tagish Lake meteorite: Investigation of the effects of short‐term heating on chondritic organics
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Meteoritics & Planetary Science Vol. 54, No. 1 ( 2019-01), p. 104-125
    Details
    In: Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Wiley, Vol. 54, No. 1 ( 2019-01), p. 104-125
    Abstract: We present in this study the effects of short‐term heating on organics in the Tagish Lake meteorite and how the difference in the heating conditions can modify the organic matter ( OM ) in a way that complicates the interpretation of a parent body's heating extent with common cosmothermometers. The kinetics of short‐term heating and its influence on the organic structure are not well understood, and any study of OM is further complicated by the complex alteration processes of the thermally metamorphosed carbonaceous chondrites—potential analogues of the target asteroid Ryugu of the Hayabusa2 mission—which had experienced posthydration, short‐duration local heating. In an attempt to understand the effects of short‐term heating on chondritic OM , we investigated the change in the OM contents of the experimentally heated Tagish Lake meteorite samples using Raman spectroscopy, scanning transmission X‐ray microscopy utilizing X‐ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy, and ultraperformance liquid chromatography fluorescence detection and quadrupole time of flight hybrid mass spectrometry. Our experiment suggests that graphitization of OM did not take place despite the samples being heated to 900 °C for 96 h, as the OM maturity trend was influenced by the heating conditions, kinetics, and the nature of the OM precursor, such as the presence of abundant oxygenated moieties. Although both the intensity of the 1s−σ* exciton cannot be used to accurately interpret the peak metamorphic temperature of the experimentally heated Tagish Lake sample, the Raman graphite band widths of the heated products significantly differ from that of chondritic OM modified by long‐term internal heating.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1086-9379 , 1945-5100
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/maps.2019.54.issue-1
    DOI: 10.1111/maps.13193
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2011097-2
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 10
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    Organic matter in extraterrestrial water-bearing salt crystals
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2018
    In:  Science Advances Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 2018-01-05)
    Details
    In: Science Advances, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 2018-01-05)
    Abstract: Direct evidence of complex prebiotic chemistry from a water-rich world in the outer solar system is provided by the 4.5-billion-year-old halite crystals hosted in the Zag and Monahans (1998) meteorites. This study offers the first comprehensive organic analysis of the soluble and insoluble organic compounds found in the millimeter-sized halite crystals containing brine inclusions and sheds light on the nature and activity of aqueous fluids on a primitive parent body. Associated with these trapped brines are organic compounds exhibiting wide chemical variations representing organic precursors, intermediates, and reaction products that make up life’s precursor molecules such as amino acids. The organic compounds also contain a mixture of C-, O-, and N-bearing macromolecular carbon materials exhibiting a wide range of structural order, as well as aromatic, ketone, imine, and/or imidazole compounds. The enrichment in 15 N is comparable to the organic matter in pristine Renazzo-type carbonaceous chondrites, which reflects the sources of interstellar 15 N, such as ammonia and amino acids. The amino acid content of the Zag halite deviates from the meteorite matrix, supporting an exogenic origin of the halite, and therefore, the Zag meteorite contains organics synthesized on two distinct parent bodies. Our study suggests that the asteroidal parent body where the halite precipitated, potentially asteroid 1 Ceres, shows evidence for a complex combination of biologically and prebiologically relevant molecules.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2375-2548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aao3521
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2810933-8
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