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Strategies to Modulate Specialized Metabolism in Mediterranean Crops: From Molecular Aspects to Field

Balestrini, Raffaella ; Brunetti, Cecilia ; Cammareri, Maria ; [et al.]

MDPI AG ; 2021

In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 6 ( 2021-03-12), p. 2887-

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In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 6 ( 2021-03-12), p. 2887-

Abstract: Plant specialized metabolites (SMs) play an important role in the interaction with the environment and are part of the plant defense response. These natural products are volatile, semi-volatile and non-volatile compounds produced from common building blocks deriving from primary metabolic pathways and rapidly evolved to allow a better adaptation of plants to environmental cues. Specialized metabolites include terpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, glucosinolates, tannins, resins, etc. that can be used as phytochemicals, food additives, flavoring agents and pharmaceutical compounds. This review will be focused on Mediterranean crop plants as a source of SMs, with a special attention on the strategies that can be used to modulate their production, including abiotic stresses, interaction with beneficial soil microorganisms and novel genetic approaches.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1422-0067

URL: Article

DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062887

Language: English

Publisher: MDPI AG

Publication Date: 2021

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6

SSG: 12

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Upland Rootzone Soil Water Deficit Regulates Streamflow in a Catchment Dominated by North American Tallgrass Prairie

Patrignani, Andres ; Parker, Nathaniel ; Cominelli, Sofia

MDPI AG ; 2022

In: Water Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2022-02-28), p. 759-

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In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2022-02-28), p. 759-

Abstract: Intermittent tallgrass prairie streams depend on surface runoff and are highly susceptible to hydrological disturbances such as droughts. The objective of this study was to investigate the timing of intermittent streamflow pulses and upstream rootzone soil water deficit in a watershed dominated by tallgrass prairie. The study was conducted from July to December 2021 in the Kings Creek watershed located within the Konza Prairie Biological station, Kansas, USA. Hourly precipitation and soil moisture observations in the 0–10, 10–30, and 30–50 cm depth were obtained from a hydrological network consisting of 16 monitoring stations across the Kings Creek watershed. Rootzone soil water storage (S) was computed at hourly time steps as the sum of the soil water storage of each soil layer. A drained upper limit (DUL) was estimated as the soil moisture remaining 24 h after the soil had been thoroughly wetted during large (~100 mm) rainfall events. A lower limit (LL) was estimated as the lowest rootzone soil water storage during the study period. Hourly soil water deficit (D) was computed as D = (DUL − S)/(DUL − LL). The study period had 19 precipitation events totaling 436 mm, and only 14 out of the 19 precipitation events exceeded a common canopy and litter interception threshold of 4 mm for tallgrass prairies in this region. Only two precipitation events resulted in measurable streamflow, and the inception of these two streamflow events was associated with a negative weighted soil water deficit (i.e., S 〉 DUL). This pilot study revealed that upland rootzone soil water deficit plays a major role controlling the timing of streamflow in the Kings Creek watershed and possibly in other catchment areas with intermittent prairie streams.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2073-4441

URL: Article

DOI: 10.3390/w14050759

Language: English

Publisher: MDPI AG

Publication Date: 2022

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2

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Table_1.csv

Cominelli, Sofia ; Patrignani, Andres

Frontiers Media SA ; 2022

In: Frontiers in Agronomy Vol. 4 ( 2022-10-14)

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In: Frontiers in Agronomy, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 4 ( 2022-10-14)

Abstract: Palmer amaranth ( Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) is a troublesome weed that can result in substantial crop yield loss in irrigated and rainfed agricultural systems of the U.S. Great Plains. Knowledge of the transpiration response to soil drying is necessary to better understand the competitive nature of Palmer amaranth against crops in limiting soil moisture conditions. The objective was to quantify the soil matric potential at which the transpiration rate of Palmer amaranth starts to decline during soil drying conditions. A greenhouse experiment consisting of six replications of well-watered and stressed plants growing in columns of a packed silt loam soil on automated load cells was established in May 2021 in Manhattan, KS. Hourly transpiration rates were computed as the difference of two consecutive mass readings. Stomatal conductance was measured every other day on the topmost fully developed leaf using a leaf porometer. Soil matric potential was estimated using a measured soil water retention curve. The stomatal conductance of plants undergoing soil drying conditions started to decrease at a soil matric potential of -120 kPa and the plant-level transpiration rate started to decrease at -176 kPa. Palmer amaranth exhibited high (246 g h -1 ) day-time transpiration rates when soil water was available at low tension levels (10 to 33 kPa). In advanced stages of development, well-watered plants also exhibited nighttime transpiration that accounted for ~10% of the day-time transpiration total. Mean transpiration use efficiency of well-watered and stressed plants considering total dry biomass was similar ( P = 0.247), with values of 10.9 and 11.6 g kg -1 , respectively. Overall, this study substantiates the competitive nature of Palmer amaranth for soil water in sub-humid and semi-arid environments and highlights the importance of early control of Palmer amaranth to minimize competition for soil moisture.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2673-3218

URL: Article

DOI: 10.3389/fagro.2022.1018251

DOI: 10.3389/fagro.2022.1018251.s001

DOI: 10.3389/fagro.2022.1018251.s002

Language: Unknown

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Publication Date: 2022

detail.hit.zdb_id: 3017794-7

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Exploring alternative crop rotations to continuous winter wheat for agricultural intensification in the US central Great Plains

Massigoge, Ignacio ; Baral, Rudra ; Cominelli, Sofía ; [et al.]

Elsevier BV ; 2024

In: Agricultural Systems Vol. 216 ( 2024-04), p. 103879-

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In: Agricultural Systems, Elsevier BV, Vol. 216 ( 2024-04), p. 103879-

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0308-521X

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2024.103879

Language: English

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Publication Date: 2024

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495825-9

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