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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Early stages of plant succession following the complete felling and burning of Eucalyptus regnans forest in the Florentine Valley, Tasmania
    CSIRO Publishing ; 1965
    In:  Australian Journal of Botany Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 1965), p. 303-
    Details
    In: Australian Journal of Botany, CSIRO Publishing, Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 1965), p. 303-
    Abstract: Permanent milacre quadrats were stsdied on a mnge of sites burnt in vario.;s years. All the recent burns occurred in March. Low herbs, predominantly bryophytes, colonized about 90% of the ground 12 months after burning, and 99 % 6 months later. Marchantia polymorpha was one of the earliest colonizers. On the wetter sites it covered up to 75 % of the ground 14 years after burning, and then declined rapidly. Marchantia growing in exposed places tended to be killed during summer. The fire mosses, Funaria hygrometrica and Ceratodon purpureus, colonized most of the ground not covered by Marchantia and reached peaks of 30-84% cover about 2 years after the fire. After 5 years the fire mosses had almost disappeared. Polytrichum juniperinum succeeded Marchantia and the fire mosses, reaching its peak (38-90 %) about 4 years after burning. Practically all of the low herbs tend to disappear when the taller vegetation becomes dense. The taller vegetation tends to be successively dominated in time by herbaceous fire-weeds, ferns, and woody perennials. Senecio minimus, the most abundant fire-weed, reached up to 79 %cover 2 years after burning, but died suddenly after reaching its peak. The development of ferns depended largely on the abundance of rhizomes surviving the fire (abundance before the fire, nature of fire). Histiopteris incisa and Hypolepis rugulosa were typical of sites which had carried rain-forest understoreys. Pteridium esculentum was initially limited to sites which had carried wet sclerophyll understoreys, but tended to replace the other ferns within 10 years on all but the most sheltered, moist sites. Although patchy at first, the ferns covered 50% of some areas within 4 years. Their expansion and persistence seems to be limited mainly by competition from taller plants. Most of the woody plants germinated within a few months after the fire from seed which was either stored in the ground or shed from nearby trees (depending on the species). Availability of seed and intensity of browsing by native game appear to be the two main factors which determined the abundance of established woody plants. Under favourable conditions the woody plants became dominant so early that the fern stage was by-passed. Intensive browsing was able to delay the dominance of woody plants, often for many years.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0067-1924
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1071/BT9650303
    Language: English
    Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
    Publication Date: 1965
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496155-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Morphology and development of the primary and accessory buds of Eucalyptus regnans
    CSIRO Publishing ; 1972
    In:  Australian Journal of Botany Vol. 20, No. 2 ( 1972), p. 175-
    Details
    In: Australian Journal of Botany, CSIRO Publishing, Vol. 20, No. 2 ( 1972), p. 175-
    Abstract: The vegetative axillary buds of Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell. at various ages were studied by light microscopy in serial sections and by direct observations in the field and glasshouse. All buds (except the very first apical bud) originated from axillary meristems, i.e. from generative tissue which arose in the axils of primordial leaves and survived in a meristematic condition for many years. Each axillary meristem normally produced one emergent primary bud and then an indefinite sequence of concealed accessory buds. The extensive dynamic shoot-system condensed within a primary bud comprised secondary as well as tertiary axes and their respective appendages. All parts were present throughout the year in a continuous sequence of maturation which extended also to the expanding shoot. During winter, development appeared to be merely slowed down or suspended. Primary buds which did not grow into shoots were shed after only a few weeks. The accessory buds were formed in a uniserial descending series at the base of and abaxial to each primary axillary bud. The first of the accessory buds was initiated within the primary bud, and the second within the expanding shoot. The first accessory bud resembled young primary buds in structure, but subsequent accessory buds were less and less complex. Keeping pace with the cambium, the axillary meristem formed a radial trace of thick-walled parenchyma in the wood and accessory buds embedded in a strand of thin-walled parenchyma in the bark. The distal portions of the bud strand and the buds embedded in it were shed progressively with the decorticating bark. Each of the bud strands which traversed the bark of 20-year-old E. viminalis Labill. was found to contain six to 12 radial strips of meristematic tissue. When epicormic growth was stimulated, several of these strips produced files of separate, new, condensed shoots. Of the scores of shoots thus initiated throughout the length of the bud strand, up to 10 or 20 of the distal ones emerged from the bark and grew into epicormic shoots. The buds of 20 other eucalypt species were examined by dissecting microscope only. It appeared that their bud systems were essentially similar to that of E. regnans. The widened concept of the axillary meristem shifts attention from individual buds to the continuous generative powers of the axillary meristem and helps to explain the outstanding capacity of the eucalypts to produce new shoots.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0067-1924
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1071/BT9720175
    Language: English
    Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
    Publication Date: 1972
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496155-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How Eucalypt fruits release their seed
    CSIRO Publishing ; 1965
    In:  Australian Journal of Botany Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 1965), p. 11-
    Details
    In: Australian Journal of Botany, CSIRO Publishing, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 1965), p. 11-
    Abstract: Living fruits are completely filled with seeds; and although partial dehiscence is usual in some species as soon as the fruit has matured, no seed is shed until the fruit died and the loculi have widened. The widening is accomplished by three mechanisms, illustrated respectively by E. regnans, E. globulus, and E. calophylla. In .E. regnans there is a thin, woody ovary wall which retracts well into the calyx tube. In E. globulus the loculi are surrounded by thick fleshy tissue which shrinks strongly when dried but remains adnate to the rigid exterior calyx tube. In E. calophylla the valves are also rather fleshy, but not adnate to the calyx tube; they shrink strongly in both longitudinal and centrifugal directions. The above three mechanisms serve not only to widen but also to open the loculi. the case of fruits with strongly protruding valves, opening is aided by the outward bending of the valve tips (e.g. E. viminalis). The bending occurs because the dorsal layer of the valve consists of softer tissue which shrinks more strongly than the ventral layer. The other species examined (E. simmondsii, E. urnigera, E. obliqua, E. delegatensis, E. coccifera, E. ficifolia, E. setosa, E. eximia, E. grandfilia, E. aspera, E. clavigera, E. tesselaris) all depend on one or more of the above mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0067-1924
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1071/BT9650011
    Language: English
    Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
    Publication Date: 1965
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496155-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Temperature and Other Climatic Influences on Shoot Development and Growth of Eucalyptus regnans
    CSIRO Publishing ; 1975
    In:  Australian Journal of Botany Vol. 23, No. 1 ( 1975), p. 27-
    Details
    In: Australian Journal of Botany, CSIRO Publishing, Vol. 23, No. 1 ( 1975), p. 27-
    Abstract: The growth and development of shoots of Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell. trees up to 8 m tall growing in their natural environment in central Tasmania were studied continuously for 3 years and related to climatic factors. The influences of temperature were further investigated by experiments with seedlings in a phytotron. Height growth was practically nil in winter and greatest in summer. Throughout the year weekly rates of height growth were closely related to weekly mean maximum air temperatures, increasing from nil or slight at 10�C to peak rates at the highest temperatures experienced (25°). Substantial diameter increments were observed in all seasons and their relation to temperature was relatively weak. There was no positive relation between weekly growth in height or diameter and weekly precipitation. Bud and shoot growth were characterized by continuity of development of all organs throughout the growing season. The youngest of the leaves and internodes which had emerged before winter from the bud resumed growth in spring, but did not reach the lengths achieved by those leaves and internodes which emerged from the bud after winter. It was only by this morphological feature that the boundaries of the annual shoot were identifiable. In agreement with the field observations, the growth of seedlings in glasshouses was found to be slow at day/night air temperatures of 10/5°C and to increase steeply with temperatures to 24/19°. Amongst the notable morphogenic influences associated with increasing temperatures in the glasshouses were poorer root development relative to top growth, thinner and smaller but more numerous leaves, and shorter and more numerous internodes. The elongation of individual leaves and internodes was faster but considerably less prolonged as temperatures increased. The E. regnans seedlings tested failed to prove thermoperiodically sensitive. It is concluded that the dormancy in shoot development observed in the field during winter is due to quiescence imposed by low temperatures, and that in the Tasmanian environment the pattern of growth and development of the vegetative shoots of E. regnans is directly and predominantly controlled by air temperatures throughout the year.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0067-1924
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1071/BT9750027
    Language: English
    Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
    Publication Date: 1975
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496155-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Internode Extension of Eucalypts Reduced in Artificial Light
    CSIRO Publishing ; 1972
    In:  Australian Journal of Biological Sciences Vol. 25, No. 4 ( 1972), p. 849-
    Details
    In: Australian Journal of Biological Sciences, CSIRO Publishing, Vol. 25, No. 4 ( 1972), p. 849-
    Abstract: In several experiments the author found that eucalypt seedlings grown in artificial light were "dwarfed" compared with those grown in sunlight. The most obvious abnormality in dwarfed seedlings of the species tested was a severe reduction in the elongation of internodes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0004-9417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1071/BI9720849
    Language: English
    Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
    Publication Date: 1972
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2602883-9
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