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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Abstract B062: Kaiso influences immune signaling of breast cancer exosomes
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2020
    In:  Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention Vol. 29, No. 6_Supplement_2 ( 2020-06-01), p. B062-B062
    Details
    In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 29, No. 6_Supplement_2 ( 2020-06-01), p. B062-B062
    Abstract: Introduction: Exosomes are communication vesicles act as mediator of intracellular transfer of genetic information, act an important role in intercommunication between tumor cells and immune cells. However, the mechanism underlining this cell-cell communication is not well understanding, particularly in African American breast cancer patients. Recently, our lab has demonstrated that Kaiso, a novel bi-modal transcription factor is highly expressed in African American breast cancer and notably, high Kaiso expression correlates with breast cancer aggressiveness and the disparity in survival outcomes of breast cancer patients of African American compared to European American patients. However, the differential expression and biological consequences of Kaiso in immune signaling of breast cancer exosomes has not been studied yet. Herein we demonstrate the biological role of Kaiso in immune signaling in breast cancer exosomes. Methods: In this study we utilized Nanostring immune profiling technology along with multiple in vitro and in vivo assays were used to study the role of Kaiso in breast cancer immune escape. Results: Nanostring pan cancer immune profiling demonstrated that European American breast cancer exosomes exhibited higher expression of TILs markers, T cell activation markers and CD8+T Cells markers compared to African American, while we observed an increase in the expression of the anti-phagocytic molecule CD47 in breast cancer patient exosomes of African American compared to European American patients. In addition to that CD47 and SIRP-α (Signal Regulatory Protein) are highly expressed in Kaiso-scrambled MDA-MB-231 cells (sh-Scr) and exosomes, whereas THBS1, which is a regulator of CD47 expression and is regarded as angiogenesis inhibitor is significantly increased in sh-Kaiso MDA-231 cells and exosomes. Additionally, we observed that Kaiso directly binds methylated sequences in the promoter region of CD47 and THBS1 by ChIP assay. Furthermore, in vivo sh-Kaiso cells injected into athymic mice exhibited delayed tumor formation after four weeks with smaller tumor size as compared to sh-SCR cells, and we observed higher expression of THBS1 with lower expression of CD47 and SIRP-α molecules by IHC and exosomes isolated from invivo tumors, indicating that Kaiso is associated with macrophage mediated immune escape. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the important role of kaiso in immune signaling through exosomes which may be related with more aggressive cancer phenotype in breast cancer specially in African Americans. Citation Format: Shakir U Ahmed, Brittany Davis, Benjamin Adu Addai, Balasubramanyanam Karanam, Melissa Davis, William Grizzle, Honghe Wang, Clayton C Yates. Kaiso influences immune signaling of breast cancer exosomes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr B062.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1055-9965 , 1538-7755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/1538-7755.DISP19-B062
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036781-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1153420-5
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  • 2
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    High incidence of concurrent disease states detected during mobile lung cancer screening in an underserved population.
    American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Clinical Oncology Vol. 39, No. 15_suppl ( 2021-05-20), p. 6540-6540
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 39, No. 15_suppl ( 2021-05-20), p. 6540-6540
    Abstract: 6540 Background: Studies such as the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST; N Engl J Med 2011;365:395-409) have shown a survival benefit to low-dose Lung CT screening in high-risk smokers. Levine Cancer Institute (LCI) initiated the first mobile low dose computerized tomographic (LDCT) lung screening program for underserved populations in 2017. In addition to being able to intervene early in the natural history of lung cancer, the project has also shown a previously unreported high incidence of incidental diseases in this population. We characterize these findings in 1198 patients. Methods: From May 2017, subjects with criteria eligible for NLST screening were identified and underwent LDCT for lung cancer detection. Patients screened in the program were all uninsured or underinsured, mean age 60.8 years, 18% were African American, 3% Latin-x and 78% were rural with an overall 47.1 mean pack-year smoking history. These patients were screened using a novel mobile LDCT (J Clin Oncol 37, 2019 suppl; abstr 6567) created for this program. By December 2020, 1198 patients completed their first screening. All CT scans were reviewed by two separate radiologists and were reviewed for quality assurance by a separate expert multidisciplinary team. Results: Of the 1198 subjects, 84% (1006 subjects) were found by LDCT to have a least one incidental disease. More than half of the subjects (645, 53.8%) had coronary atherosclerosis. Of those, 25% (183) were described to have at least moderate disease with 8% (96) described as severe. Overall, 42% (504) were found to have emphysema and 25% (299) had vascular atherosclerotic disease; 1.8% (22) of those screened had a detected aortic aneurysm. In total, thirty separate disease findings were found (listed from fourth to tenth most common finding: degenerative spine changes [205], cholelithiasis [59] , hiatal hernia [52], pericardial effusions [38] , fatty liver [32], kidney stone [3] ), and cardiomegaly [30]). 3.5% (42) were found to have an undiscovered breast, adrenal, liver or kidney mass that required further workup. Conclusions: The number of incidental findings in our mainly rural underserved subject group was very high (84%). 35.5% of patients in the National Lung Screening Trial died from heart disease or respiratory disease. These numbers have not been overtly discussed and our study confirms the number of concerning incidental diseases that can lead to morbidity or mortality. In this high-risk, underserved population of heavy smokers, the opportunity for positive impact on other disease states can be increased by a mobile lung cancer screening program by increasing access to care.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2021.39.15_suppl.6540
    RVK:
    XA 52760
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2005181-5
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  • 3
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    Epidemiologic and Clinical Features of Children and Adolescents Aged 〈18 Years with Monkeypox — United States, May 17–September 24, 2022
    Centers for Disease Control MMWR Office ; 2022
    In:  MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Vol. 71, No. 44 ( 2022-11-04), p. 1407-1411
    Details
    In: MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Centers for Disease Control MMWR Office, Vol. 71, No. 44 ( 2022-11-04), p. 1407-1411
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0149-2195 , 1545-861X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7144a4
    Language: English
    Publisher: Centers for Disease Control MMWR Office
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2067586-0
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  • 4
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    Initial Results from Mobile Low-Dose Computerized Tomographic Lung Cancer Screening Unit: Improved Outcomes for Underserved Populations
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  The Oncologist Vol. 25, No. 5 ( 2020-05-01), p. e777-e781
    Details
    In: The Oncologist, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 25, No. 5 ( 2020-05-01), p. e777-e781
    Abstract: The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) demonstrated that screening high-risk patients with low-dose computed tomography (CT) of the chest reduces lung cancer mortality compared with screening with chest x-ray. Uninsured and Medicaid patients usually lack access to this hospital-based screening test because of geographic and socioeconomic factors. We hypothesized that a mobile screening unit would improve access and confer the benefits demonstrated by the NLST to this underserved group, which is most at risk of lung cancer deaths. Patients and Methods We created a mobile unit by building a Samsung BodyTom portable 32-slice low-dose CT scanner into a 35-foot coach; it delivers high-quality images for both soft tissue and bone and includes a waiting area and high-speed wireless internet connection for fast image transfer. The unit was extensively tested to show robustness and stability of mobile equipment. This project was designed to screen uninsured and underinsured patients, otherwise with eligibility criteria identical to that of the National Lung Screening Trial, with the only difference being exclusion of patients eligible for Medicare (which provides financial coverage for CT-based lung cancer screening). Results We screened 550 patients (20% black, 3% Hispanic, 70% rural) with a male-to-female ratio of 1.1:1, median age 61 years (range, 55–64), and found 12 lung cancers at initial screen (2.2%), including 6 at stage I–II (58% of total lung cancers early stage) and 38 Lung-RADS 4 (highly suspicious) lesions that are being followed closely. Incidental findings included nonlung cancers and coronary artery disease. Discussion In this initial pilot study, using the first mobile low-dose whole body CT screening unit in the U.S., the initial cancer detection rate is comparable to that reported in the NLST, despite excluding patients over the age of 64 years who have Medicare coverage, but with marked improvement of screening rates specifically in underserved sociodemographic, racial, and ethnic groups and with better outcomes than conventionally found in the underserved and at lower cost per case. Implications for Practice This study shows clearly that a mobile low-dose CT scanning unit allows effective lung cancer screening for underserved populations, such as impoverished African Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans, or isolated rural groups, and has a pick-up rate of 1% for early stage disease. If confirmed in a planned randomized trial, this will be policy changing, as these groups usually present with advanced disease; this approach will produce better survival data at lower cost per case.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1083-7159 , 1549-490X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0802
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2023829-0
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  • 5
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    Mobile low-dose computerized tomography (LDCT): Three-year follow up of solution for early diagnosis of lung cancer in under-served populations.
    American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Clinical Oncology Vol. 39, No. 15_suppl ( 2021-05-20), p. 6507-6507
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 39, No. 15_suppl ( 2021-05-20), p. 6507-6507
    Abstract: 6507 Background: Randomized trials have proven that screening high-risk patients with LDCT of chest reduces lung cancer mortality compared to screening with chest x-ray. Under-served patients lack access to this test due to geographic and socio-economic factors. We hypothesized that a mobile screening unit would improve access and increase survival in this group, which is most at risk of lung cancer deaths. Methods: We installed a BodyTom portable 32 slice low-dose CT scanner (Samsung Inc) into a 35 foot coach (Frazier Inc), reinforced to avoid equipment damage during road travel. It includes waiting area, high speed wireless internet connection for rapid image transfer, and electronic tablets to deliver smoking cessation and health education programs and shared decision-making video aids. We used LUNG RADS approach to lesion classification, yielding high sensitivity and specificity in assessment. All films were reviewed by a central panel. This is certified as a lung cancer screening Center of Excellence by the Lung Cancer Alliance. Protocol was approved by Advarra IRB. Medicare pts excluded as insurance covered them for LDCT, although this reduced potential number of cases diagnosed as this is highest risk population. Results: We screened 1200 uninsured or under-insured subjects, mean age 61 years (range 55-64), with average pack year history of 47.8 (30-150); 61% male; 18% Black, 3% Hispanic/Latino; 78% rural. We found 97 pts with LUNG RADS 4 lesions, 30 lung cancers (2.5%), including 15 at stage I-II treated with curative intent; 5 incidental non-lung cancers (renal CA 2, head & neck CA 1, pancreas CA 2); more than 50% with cardiovascular disease or COPD seen on LDCT. Of eligible first-screen subjects (J. Clin. Oncol., 2019, 37, 383S), 440 attended Year 1 repeat LDCT and 161 attended Year 2 LDCT. Only one pt with surgically resected CA lung has relapsed to date. Conclusions: Mobile LDCT yields higher screening rate for under-served pts than prior international studies, with strong protocol adherence and paucity of early cancer deaths in high-risk population with traditionally poor compliance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2021.39.15_suppl.6507
    RVK:
    XA 52760
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2005181-5
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  • 6
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    Mpox Cases Among Cisgender Women and Pregnant Persons — United States, May 11–November 7, 2022
    Centers for Disease Control MMWR Office ; 2023
    In:  MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Vol. 72, No. 1 ( 2023-01-06), p. 9-14
    Details
    In: MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Centers for Disease Control MMWR Office, Vol. 72, No. 1 ( 2023-01-06), p. 9-14
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0149-2195 , 1545-861X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7201a2
    Language: English
    Publisher: Centers for Disease Control MMWR Office
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2067586-0
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