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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Antibiotic Susceptibility of Periodontal Streptococcus constellatus and Streptococcus intermedius Clinical Isolates
    Wiley ; 2014
    In:  Journal of Periodontology Vol. 85, No. 12 ( 2014-12), p. 1792-1798
    Details
    In: Journal of Periodontology, Wiley, Vol. 85, No. 12 ( 2014-12), p. 1792-1798
    Abstract: Background: Streptococcus constellatus and Streptococcus intermedius in subgingival dental plaque biofilms may contribute to forms of periodontitis that resist treatment with conventional mechanical root debridement/surgical procedures and may additionally participate in some extraoral infections. Because systemic antibiotics are often used in these clinical situations, and little is known of the antibiotic susceptibility of subgingival isolates of these two bacterial species, this study determined the in vitro susceptibility to six antibiotics of fresh S. constellatus and S. intermedius clinical isolates from human periodontitis lesions. Methods: A total of 33 S. constellatus and 17 S. intermedius subgingival strains, each recovered from separate patients with severe chronic periodontitis (n = 50) before treatment, were subjected to antibiotic gradient strip susceptibility testing with amoxicillin, azithromycin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, and doxycycline on blood‐supplemented Mueller‐Hinton agar and to the inhibitory effects of metronidazole at 16 mg/L in an enriched Brucella blood agar dilution assay. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing interpretative standards were used to assess the results. Results: Clindamycin was the most active antibiotic against S. constellatus (minimum inhibitory concentration at 90% [MIC 90 ] 0.25 mg/L), and amoxicillin was most active against S. intermedius (MIC 90 0.125 mg/L). A total of 30% of the S. constellatus and S. intermedius clinical isolates were resistant in vitro to doxycycline, 98% were only intermediate in susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, and 90% were resistant to metronidazole at 16 mg/L. Conclusion: Subgingival S. constellatus and S. intermedius exhibited variable antibiotic susceptibility profiles, potentially complicating empirical selection of periodontitis antibiotic therapy in patients who are species positive.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3492 , 1943-3670
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.130291
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2040047-0
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Centipeda periodontii in human periodontitis
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2015
    In:  Odontology Vol. 103, No. 3 ( 2015-9), p. 286-291
    Details
    In: Odontology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 103, No. 3 ( 2015-9), p. 286-291
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1618-1247 , 1618-1255
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s10266-014-0166-1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2064980-0
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  • 3
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    Antibiotic Susceptibility of Periodontal Enterococcus faecalis
    Wiley ; 2013
    In:  Journal of Periodontology Vol. 84, No. 7 ( 2013-07), p. 1026-1033
    Details
    In: Journal of Periodontology, Wiley, Vol. 84, No. 7 ( 2013-07), p. 1026-1033
    Abstract: Background: Enterococcus faecalis may contribute to periodontal breakdown in heavily infected subgingival sites, particularly in patients responding poorly to mechanical forms of periodontal therapy. Because only limited data are available on the antimicrobial sensitivity of enterococci of subgingival origin, this study evaluates the in vitro antibiotic susceptibility of E. faecalis isolated from periodontitis patients in the United States. Methods: Pure cultures of 47 subgingival E. faecalis clinical isolates were each inoculated onto specially prepared broth microdilution susceptibility panels containing vancomycin, teicoplanin, and six oral antibiotics of potential use in periodontal therapy. After incubation in ambient air for 18 to 20 hours, minimal inhibitory drug concentrations were determined using applicable Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute criteria and interpretative guidelines. The organisms were additionally evaluated for in vitro resistance to metronidazole at 4 μg/mL. Results: Periodontal E. faecalis exhibited substantial in vitro resistance to tetracycline (53.2% resistant), erythromycin (80.8% resistant or intermediate resistant), clindamycin (100% resistant to 2 μg/mL), and metronidazole (100% resistant to 4 μg/mL). In comparison, the clinical isolates were generally sensitive to ciprofloxacin (89.4% susceptible; 10.6% intermediate resistant) and 100% susceptible in vitro to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, vancomycin, and teicoplanin. Conclusions: Tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, and metronidazole revealed poor in vitro activity against human subgingival E. faecalis clinical isolates, and would likely be ineffective therapeutic agents against these species in periodontal pockets. Among orally administered antibiotics, ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, and ciprofloxacin exhibited marked in vitro inhibitory activity against periodontal E. faecalis, and may be clinically useful in treatment of periodontal infections involving enterococci.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3492 , 1943-3670
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1902/jop.2012.120050
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2040047-0
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  • 4
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    Spiramycin resistance in human periodontitis microbiota
    Elsevier BV ; 2011
    In:  Anaerobe Vol. 17, No. 4 ( 2011-8), p. 201-205
    Details
    In: Anaerobe, Elsevier BV, Vol. 17, No. 4 ( 2011-8), p. 201-205
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1075-9964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2011.03.017
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461095-4
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Improving compliance with hospital antibiotic guidelines: a time-series intervention analysis
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2005
    In:  Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Vol. 55, No. 4 ( 2005-04-01), p. 550-557
    Details
    In: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 55, No. 4 ( 2005-04-01), p. 550-557
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1460-2091 , 0305-7453
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jac/dki037
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467478-6
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Cold Spots in Neonatal Incubators Are Hot Spots for Microbial Contamination
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2011
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 77, No. 24 ( 2011-12-15), p. 8568-8572
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 77, No. 24 ( 2011-12-15), p. 8568-8572
    Abstract: Thermal stability is essential for the survival and well-being of preterm neonates. This is achieved in neonatal incubators by raising the ambient temperature and humidity to sufficiently high levels. However, potentially pathogenic microorganisms also can thrive in such warm and humid environments. We therefore investigated whether the level of microbial contamination (i.e., the bacterial load) inside neonatal incubators can be predicted on the basis of their average temperature and relative humidity settings, paying special attention to local temperature differences. Swab samples were taken from the warmest and coldest spots found within Caleo incubators, and these were plated to determine the number of microbial CFU per location. In incubators with high average temperature (≥34°C) and relative humidity (≥60%) values, the level of microbial contamination was significantly higher at cold spots than at hot spots. This relates to the fact that the local equilibrium relative humidity at cold spots is sufficiently high to sustain microbial growth. The abundance of staphylococci, which are the main causative agents of late-onset sepsis in preterm neonates, was found to be elevated significantly in cold areas. These findings can be used to improve basic incubator hygiene.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.06015-11
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Antibiotic Resistance in Human Chronic Periodontitis Microbiota
    Wiley ; 2014
    In:  Journal of Periodontology Vol. 85, No. 1 ( 2014-01), p. 160-169
    Details
    In: Journal of Periodontology, Wiley, Vol. 85, No. 1 ( 2014-01), p. 160-169
    Abstract: Background: Patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) may yield multiple species of putative periodontal bacterial pathogens that vary in their antibiotic drug susceptibility. This study determines the occurrence of in vitro antibiotic resistance among selected subgingival periodontal pathogens in patients with CP. Methods: Subgingival biofilm specimens from inflamed deep periodontal pockets were removed before treatment from 400 adults with CP in the United States. The samples were cultured, and selected periodontal pathogens were tested in vitro for susceptibility to amoxicillin at 8 mg/L, clindamycin at 4 mg/L, doxycycline at 4 mg/L, and metronidazole at 16 mg/L, with a post hoc combination of data for amoxicillin and metronidazole. Gram‐negative enteric rods/pseudomonads were subjected to ciprofloxacin disk‐diffusion testing. Results: Overall, 74.2% of the patients with CP revealed subgingival periodontal pathogens resistant to at least one of the test antibiotics. One or more test species, most often Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens , Streptococcus constellatus , or Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans , were resistant in vitro to doxycycline, amoxicillin, metronidazole, or clindamycin, in 55%, 43.3%, 30.3%, and 26.5% of the patients with CP, respectively. Fifteen percent of patients harbored subgingival periodontal pathogens resistant to both amoxicillin and metronidazole, which were mostly either S. constellatus (45 individuals) or ciprofloxacin‐susceptible strains of Gram‐negative enteric rods/pseudomonads (nine individuals). Conclusions: Patients with CP in the United States frequently yielded subgingival periodontal pathogens resistant in vitro to therapeutic concentrations of antibiotics commonly used in clinical periodontal practice. The wide variability found in periodontal pathogen antibiotic‐resistance patterns should concern clinicians empirically selecting antibiotic treatment regimens for patients with CP.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3492 , 1943-3670
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130142
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2040047-0
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Antibiotic resistance in human peri‐implantitis microbiota
    Wiley ; 2014
    In:  Clinical Oral Implants Research Vol. 25, No. 1 ( 2014-01), p. 82-90
    Details
    In: Clinical Oral Implants Research, Wiley, Vol. 25, No. 1 ( 2014-01), p. 82-90
    Abstract: Because antimicrobial therapy is often employed in the treatment of infectious dental implant complications, this study determined the occurrence of in vitro antibiotic resistance among putative peri‐implantitis bacterial pathogens. Methods Submucosal biofilm specimens were cultured from 160 dental implants with peri‐implantitis in 120 adults, with isolated putative pathogens identified to species level, and tested in vitro for susceptibility to 4 mg/l of doxycycline, 8 mg/l of amoxicillin, 16 mg/l of metronidazole, and 4 mg/l of clindamycin. Findings for amoxicillin and metronidazole were combined post‐hoc to identify peri‐implantitis species resistant to both antibiotics. Gram‐negative enteric rods/pseudomonads were subjected to ciprofloxacin disk diffusion testing. Results One or more cultivable submucosal bacterial pathogens, most often P revotella intermedia / nigrescens or S treptococcus constellatus , were resistant in vitro to clindamycin, amoxicillin, doxycycline, or metronidazole in 46.7%, 39.2%, 25%, and 21.7% of the peri‐implantitis subjects, respectively. Only 6.7% subjects revealed submucosal test species resistant in vitro to both amoxicillin and metronidazole, which were either S . constellatus (one subject) or ciprofloxacin‐susceptible strains of gram‐negative enteric rods/pseudomonads (seven subjects). Overall, 71.7% of the 120 peri‐implantitis subjects exhibited submucosal bacterial pathogens resistant in vitro to one or more of the tested antibiotics. Conclusions Peri‐implantitis patients frequently yielded submucosal bacterial pathogens resistant in vitro to individual therapeutic concentrations of clindamycin, amoxicillin, doxycycline, or metronidazole, but only rarely to both amoxicillin and metronidazole. Due to the wide variation in observed drug resistance patterns, antibiotic susceptibility testing of cultivable submucosal bacterial pathogens may aid in the selection of antimicrobial therapy for peri‐implantitis patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0905-7161 , 1600-0501
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/clr.2013.25.issue-1
    DOI: 10.1111/clr.12160
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027104-9
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Transmission of Infection by Flexible Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and Bronchoscopy
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2013
    In:  Clinical Microbiology Reviews Vol. 26, No. 2 ( 2013-04), p. 231-254
    Details
    In: Clinical Microbiology Reviews, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 26, No. 2 ( 2013-04), p. 231-254
    Abstract: Flexible endoscopy is a widely used diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. Contaminated endoscopes are the medical devices frequently associated with outbreaks of health care-associated infections. Accurate reprocessing of flexible endoscopes involves cleaning and high-level disinfection followed by rinsing and drying before storage. Most contemporary flexible endoscopes cannot be heat sterilized and are designed with multiple channels, which are difficult to clean and disinfect. The ability of bacteria to form biofilms on the inner channel surfaces can contribute to failure of the decontamination process. Implementation of microbiological surveillance of endoscope reprocessing is appropriate to detect early colonization and biofilm formation in the endoscope and to prevent contamination and infection in patients after endoscopic procedures. This review presents an overview of the infections and cross-contaminations related to flexible gastrointestinal endoscopy and bronchoscopy and illustrates the impact of biofilm on endoscope reprocessing and postendoscopic infection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0893-8512 , 1098-6618
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00085-12
    RVK:
    XA 36863
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1497041-7
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Limited effect of patient and disease characteristics on compliance with hospital antimicrobial guidelines
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2006
    In:  European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Vol. 62, No. 4 ( 2006-4), p. 297-305
    Details
    In: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 62, No. 4 ( 2006-4), p. 297-305
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-6970 , 1432-1041
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00228-005-0058-y
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1459058-X
    SSG: 15,3
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