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Leisure time television watching, computer use and risks of breast, colorectal and prostate cancer: A Mendelian randomisation analysis

Papadimitriou, Nikos ; Kazmi, Nabila ; Dimou, Niki ; [et al.]

Wiley ; 2024

In: Cancer Medicine Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2024-01)

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In: Cancer Medicine, Wiley, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2024-01)

Abstract: Sedentary behaviours have been associated with increased risks of some common cancers in epidemiological studies; however, it is unclear if these associations are causal. Methods We used univariable and multivariable two‐sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) to examine potential causal relationships between sedentary behaviours and risks of breast, colorectal and prostate cancer. Genetic variants associated with self‐reported leisure television watching and computer use were identified from a recent genome‐wide association study (GWAS). Data related to cancer risk were obtained from cancer GWAS consortia. A series of sensitivity analyses were applied to examine the robustness of the results to the presence of confounding. Results A 1‐standard deviation (SD: 1.5 h/day) increment in hours of television watching increased risk of breast cancer (OR per 1‐SD: 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–1.26) and colorectal cancer (OR per 1‐SD: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.16–1.49) while there was little evidence of an association for prostate cancer risk (OR per 1‐SD: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.84–1.06). After adjusting for years of education, the effect estimates for television watching were attenuated (breast cancer, OR per 1‐SD: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.92–1.27; colorectal cancer, OR per 1‐SD: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.90–1.31). Post hoc analyses showed that years of education might have a possible confounding and mediating role in the association between television watching with breast and colorectal cancer. Consistent results were observed for each cancer site according to sex (colorectal cancer), anatomical subsites and cancer subtypes. There was little evidence of associations between genetically predicted computer use and cancer risk. Conclusions Our univariable analysis identified some positive associations between hours of television watching and risks of breast and colorectal cancer. However, further adjustment for additional lifestyle factors especially years of education attenuated these results. Future studies using objective measures of exposure can provide new insights into the possible role of sedentary behaviour in cancer development.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2045-7634 , 2045-7634

URL: Issue

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1002/cam4.v13.1

DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6732

Language: English

Publisher: Wiley

Publication Date: 2024

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2659751-2

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A comprehensive re-assessment of the association between vitamin D and cancer susceptibility using Mendelian randomization

Ong, Jue-Sheng ; Dixon-Suen, Suzanne C. ; Han, Xikun ; [et al.]

Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021

In: Nature Communications Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2021-01-11)

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In: Nature Communications, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2021-01-11)

Abstract: Previous Mendelian randomization (MR) studies on 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and cancer have typically adopted a handful of variants and found no relationship between 25(OH)D and cancer; however, issues of horizontal pleiotropy cannot be reliably addressed. Using a larger set of variants associated with 25(OH)D (74 SNPs, up from 6 previously), we perform a unified MR analysis to re-evaluate the relationship between 25(OH)D and ten cancers. Our findings are broadly consistent with previous MR studies indicating no relationship, apart from ovarian cancers (OR 0.89; 95% C.I: 0.82 to 0.96 per 1 SD change in 25(OH)D concentration) and basal cell carcinoma (OR 1.16; 95% C.I.: 1.04 to 1.28). However, after adjustment for pigmentation related variables in a multivariable MR framework, the BCC findings were attenuated. Here we report that lower 25(OH)D is unlikely to be a causal risk factor for most cancers, with our study providing more precise confidence intervals than previously possible.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2041-1723

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20368-w

Language: English

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Publication Date: 2021

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2553671-0

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Adult height is associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer: a Mendelian randomisation study

Dixon-Suen, Suzanne C. ; Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group ; Nagle, Christina M. ; [et al.]

Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2018

In: British Journal of Cancer Vol. 118, No. 8 ( 2018-4), p. 1123-1129

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In: British Journal of Cancer, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 118, No. 8 ( 2018-4), p. 1123-1129

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0007-0920 , 1532-1827

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0011-3

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Language: English

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Publication Date: 2018

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2002452-6

detail.hit.zdb_id: 80075-2

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Physical activity, sedentary time and breast cancer risk: a Mendelian randomisation study

Dixon-Suen, Suzanne C ; Lewis, Sarah J ; Martin, Richard M ; [et al.]

BMJ ; 2022

In: British Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 56, No. 20 ( 2022-10), p. 1157-1170

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In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, BMJ, Vol. 56, No. 20 ( 2022-10), p. 1157-1170

Abstract: Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour are associated with higher breast cancer risk in observational studies, but ascribing causality is difficult. Mendelian randomisation (MR) assesses causality by simulating randomised trial groups using genotype. We assessed whether lifelong physical activity or sedentary time, assessed using genotype, may be causally associated with breast cancer risk overall, pre/post-menopause, and by case-groups defined by tumour characteristics. Methods We performed two-sample inverse-variance-weighted MR using individual-level Breast Cancer Association Consortium case-control data from 130 957 European-ancestry women (69 838 invasive cases), and published UK Biobank data (n=91 105–377 234). Genetic instruments were single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated in UK Biobank with wrist-worn accelerometer-measured overall physical activity (n snps =5) or sedentary time (n snps =6), or accelerometer-measured (n snps =1) or self-reported (n snps =5) vigorous physical activity. Results Greater genetically-predicted overall activity was associated with lower breast cancer overall risk (OR=0.59; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.42 to 0.83 per-standard deviation (SD;~8 milligravities acceleration)) and for most case-groups. Genetically-predicted vigorous activity was associated with lower risk of pre/perimenopausal breast cancer (OR=0.62; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.87,≥3 vs. 0 self-reported days/week), with consistent estimates for most case-groups. Greater genetically-predicted sedentary time was associated with higher hormone-receptor-negative tumour risk (OR=1.77; 95% CI 1.07 to 2.92 per-SD (~7% time spent sedentary)), with elevated estimates for most case-groups. Results were robust to sensitivity analyses examining pleiotropy (including weighted-median-MR, MR-Egger). Conclusion Our study provides strong evidence that greater overall physical activity, greater vigorous activity, and lower sedentary time are likely to reduce breast cancer risk. More widespread adoption of active lifestyles may reduce the burden from the most common cancer in women.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0306-3674 , 1473-0480

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-105132

Language: English

Publisher: BMJ

Publication Date: 2022

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2003204-3

SSG: 31

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Diet and risk of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study

Wang, Sabrina E ; Hodge, Allison M ; Dashti, S Ghazaleh ; [et al.]

Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2021

In: Public Health Nutrition Vol. 24, No. 15 ( 2021-10), p. 5034-5046

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In: Public Health Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 24, No. 15 ( 2021-10), p. 5034-5046

Abstract: To examine associations between diet and risk of developing gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Design: Prospective cohort with a median follow-up of 15·8 years. Baseline diet was measured using a FFQ. GERD was defined as self-reported current or history of daily heartburn or acid regurgitation beginning at least 2 years after baseline. Sex-specific logistic regressions were performed to estimate OR for GERD associated with diet quality scores and intakes of nutrients, food groups and individual foods and beverages. The effect of substituting saturated fat for monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fat on GERD risk was examined. Setting: Melbourne, Australia. Participants: A cohort of 20 926 participants (62 % women) aged 40–59 years at recruitment between 1990 and 1994. Results: For men, total fat intake was associated with increased risk of GERD (OR 1·05 per 5 g/d; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·09; P = 0·016), whereas total carbohydrate (OR 0·89 per 30 g/d; 95 % CI 0·82, 0·98; P = 0·010) and starch intakes (OR 0·84 per 30 g/d; 95 % CI 0·75, 0·94; P = 0·005) were associated with reduced risk. Nutrients were not associated with risk for women. For both sexes, substituting saturated fat for polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fat did not change risk. For both sexes, fish, chicken, cruciferous vegetables and carbonated beverages were associated with increased risk, whereas total fruit and citrus were associated with reduced risk. No association was observed with diet quality scores. Conclusions: Diet is a possible risk factor for GERD, but food considered as triggers of GERD symptoms might not necessarily contribute to disease development. Potential differential associations for men and women warrant further investigation.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1368-9800 , 1475-2727

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1017/S1368980021000197

Language: English

Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Publication Date: 2021

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016337-X

SSG: 21

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Diet and risk of Barrett’s oesophagus: Melbourne collaborative cohort study

Wang, Sabrina E. ; Hodge, Allison ; Dashti, S Ghazaleh ; [et al.]

Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2023

In: British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 129, No. 7 ( 2023-04-14), p. 1232-1241

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In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 129, No. 7 ( 2023-04-14), p. 1232-1241

Abstract: Barrett’s oesophagus (BE) is the precursor of oesophageal adenocarcinoma, which has become the most common type of oesophageal cancer in many Western populations. Existing evidence on diet and risk of BE predominantly comes from case–control studies, which are subject to recall bias in measurement of diet. We aimed to investigate the potential effect of diet, including macronutrients, carotenoids, food groups, specific food items, beverages and dietary scores, on risk of BE in over 20 000 participants of the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. Diet at baseline (1990–1994) was measured using a food frequency questionnaire. The outcome was BE diagnosed between baseline and follow-up (2007–2010). Logistic regression models were used to estimate OR and 95 % CI for diet in relation to risk of BE. Intakes of leafy vegetables and fruit were inversely associated with risk of BE (highest v . lowest quartile: OR = 0·59; CI: 0·38, 0·94; P -trend = 0·02 and OR = 0·58; CI: 0·37, 0·93; P -trend = 0·02 respectively), as were dietary fibre and carotenoids. Stronger associations were observed for food than the nutrients found in them. Positive associations were observed for discretionary food (OR = 1·54; CI: 0·97, 2·44; P -trend = 0·04) and total fat intake (OR per 10 g/d = 1·11; CI: 1·00, 1·23), the association for fat was less robust in sensitivity analyses. No association was observed for meat, protein, dairy products or diet scores. Diet is a potential modifiable risk factor for BE. Public health and clinical guidelines that incorporate dietary recommendations could contribute to reduction in risk of BE and, thereby, oesophageal adenocarcinoma.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1017/S0007114522002112

Language: English

Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Publication Date: 2023

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016047-1

SSG: 12

SSG: 21

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Demographic and lifestyle risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett’s esophagus in Australia

Wang, Sabrina E ; Kendall, Bradley J ; Hodge, Allison M ; [et al.]

Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022

In: Diseases of the Esophagus Vol. 35, No. 1 ( 2022-01-07)

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In: Diseases of the Esophagus, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 35, No. 1 ( 2022-01-07)

Abstract: We examined demographic and lifestyle risk factors for incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and Barrett’s esophagus (BE) in an Australian cohort of 20,975 participants aged 40–63 at recruitment (1990–1994). Information on GERD and BE was collected between 2007 and 2010. GERD symptoms were defined as self-reported heartburn or acid regurgitation. BE was defined as endoscopically confirmed columnar-lined esophagus. Risk factors for developing GERD symptoms, BE diagnosis, age at symptom onset, and age at BE diagnosis were quantified using regression. During a mean follow-up of 15.8 years, risk of GERD symptoms was 7.5% (n = 1,318) for daily, 7.5% (n = 1,333) for 2–6 days/week, and 4.3% (n = 751) for 1 day/week. There were 210 (1.0%) endoscopically diagnosed BE cases, of whom 141 had histologically confirmed esophageal intestinal metaplasia. Female sex, younger age, lower socioeconomic position (SEP) and educational attainment, and former smoking were associated with higher GERD risk. Male sex and smoking were associated with earlier GERD symptom onset. Men, older participants, those with higher SEP, and former smokers were at higher BE risk. There was some evidence higher SEP was associated with earlier BE diagnosis. GERD and BE had different demographic risk factors but shared similar lifestyle factors. Earlier GERD symptom onset for men and smokers might have contributed to higher BE risk. The SEP patterns observed for GERD and BE suggest potential inequity in access to care. These findings would be important in the development of clinical risk prediction models for early detection of BE.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1120-8694 , 1442-2050

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1093/dote/doab058

Language: English

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Publication Date: 2022

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004949-3

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Statin use and survival among women with ovarian cancer: an Australian national data-linkage study

Feng, Jia-Li ; Dixon-Suen, Suzanne C. ; Jordan, Susan J. ; [et al.]

Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021

In: British Journal of Cancer Vol. 125, No. 5 ( 2021-08-31), p. 766-771

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In: British Journal of Cancer, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 125, No. 5 ( 2021-08-31), p. 766-771

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0007-0920 , 1532-1827

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01460-4

RVK:

XA 33500

RVK:

XA 10000

Language: English

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Publication Date: 2021

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2002452-6

detail.hit.zdb_id: 80075-2

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Hysterectomy and Risk of Breast, Colorectal, Thyroid, and Kidney Cancer – an Australian Data Linkage Study

Wilson, Louise F. ; Tuesley, Karen M. ; Webb, Penelope M. ; [et al.]

American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2021

In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention Vol. 30, No. 5 ( 2021-05-01), p. 904-911

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In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 30, No. 5 ( 2021-05-01), p. 904-911

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the associations between hysterectomy for benign indications and risk of breast, colorectal, kidney, and thyroid cancer, and to explore whether these associations are modified by removal of ovaries at the time of surgery or by age at surgery. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of the female population of Western Australia (n = 839,332) linking data from electoral, hospital, births, deaths, and cancer records. We used Cox regression to estimate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between hysterectomy and diagnosis of breast, colorectal, kidney, and thyroid cancers. Results: Compared with no surgery, hysterectomy without oophorectomy (hysterectomy) and hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (hysterectomy-BSO) were associated with higher risk of kidney cancer (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.11–1.56 and HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.96–1.73, respectively). Hysterectomy, but not hysterectomy-BSO, was related to higher risk of thyroid cancer (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.19–1.60). In contrast, hysterectomy (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.90–0.98) and hysterectomy-BSO (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.85–1.00) were associated with lower risk of breast cancer. We found no association between hysterectomy status and colorectal cancer. Conclusions: The associations between hysterectomy and cancer varied by cancer type with increased risks for thyroid and kidney cancer, decreased risk for breast cancer, and no association for colorectal cancer. Impact: As breast, colorectal, and gynecologic cancers comprise a sizeable proportion of all cancers in women, our results suggest that hysterectomy is unlikely to increase overall cancer risk; however, further research to understand the higher risk of thyroid and kidney cancer is warranted.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1055-9965 , 1538-7755

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-20-1670

Language: English

Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)

Publication Date: 2021

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036781-8

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1153420-5

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Mechanisms for the Sex-Specific Effect of H. Pylori on Risk of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Barrett's Esophagus

Wang, Sabrina E. ; Dashti, S. Ghazaleh ; Hodge, Allison M. ; [et al.]

American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2022

In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention Vol. 31, No. 8 ( 2022-08-02), p. 1630-1637

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In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 31, No. 8 ( 2022-08-02), p. 1630-1637

Abstract: Mechanisms for how Helicobacter pylori infection affects risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and Barrett's esophagus are incompletely understood and might differ by sex. Methods: In a case–control study nested in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study with 425 GERD cases and 169 Barrett's esophagus cases (identified at 2007–2010 follow-up), we estimated sex-specific odds ratios for participants who were H. pylori seronegative versus seropositive at baseline (1990–1994). To explore possible mechanisms, we (i) compared patterns of H. pylori-induced gastritis by sex using serum pepsinogen-I and gastrin-17 data and (ii) quantified the effect of H. pylori seronegativity on Barrett's esophagus mediated by GERD using causal mediation analysis. Results: For men, H. pylori seronegativity was associated with 1.69-fold [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03–2.75] and 2.28-fold (95% CI, 1.27–4.12) higher odds of GERD and Barrett's esophagus, respectively. No association was observed for women. H. pylori-induced atrophic antral gastritis was more common in men (68%) than in women (56%; P = 0.015). For men, 5 of the 15 per 1,000 excess Barrett's esophagus risk from being seronegative were mediated by GERD. Conclusions: Men, but not women, who were H. pylori seronegative had increased risks of GERD and Barrett's esophagus. A possible explanation might be sex differences in patterns of H. pylori-induced atrophic antral gastritis, which could lead to less erosive reflux for men. Evidence of GERD mediating the effect of H. pylori on Barrett's esophagus risk among men supports this proposed mechanism. Impact: The findings highlight the importance of investigating sex differences in the effect of H. pylori on risk of GERD and Barrett's esophagus in future studies.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1055-9965 , 1538-7755

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-22-0234

Language: English

Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)

Publication Date: 2022

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036781-8

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1153420-5

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