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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Physical Education Pedagogues Association, Ljubuski ; 2021
    In:  Acta kinesiologica , No. S1 2021 ( 2021)
    In: Acta kinesiologica, Physical Education Pedagogues Association, Ljubuski, , No. S1 2021 ( 2021)
    Abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyze the gap between the current and optimal status of ambush marketing risk management in major sporting events. The research method was descriptive-causal comparative. The statistical population was all people who had the experience of leading sports caravans and being a member of the executive board for holding major sporting events. From them 160 people (by available-random method) were selected as a sample. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of factors affecting the management of risks arising from ambush marketing, which was set in two parts: the current situation and the desired situation. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by professors and sports experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained through Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.86. Frequency table, frequency percentage, mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the data at the level of descriptive statistics. Due to the normality of data distribution, correlated t-test was used to compare the current situation of marketing management in ambush with the expected limit and paired t-test was used to analyze the gap between the current and desired status in a significant way (α = 0.05). The results showed that among the factors related to the management of marketing risks lurking in sporting events, cultural factors, spectator factors, rule factors, sport event management factors and media factors were lower than expected (average) and factors related to sports marketing, factors related to sporting events and factors related to sporting event sponsors were higher than expected. Analysis of the gap between the current and optimal status of ambush marketing risk management showed that in terms of professors, elites and organizers of sporting events, the situation of all aspects of ambush marketing risk management in sporting events is relatively weak.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1840-3700 , 1840-2976
    URL: Issue
    Language: Croatian
    Publisher: Physical Education Pedagogues Association, Ljubuski
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2616779-7
    SSG: 31
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Academic Journals ; 2012
    In:  AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT Vol. 6, No. 36 ( 2012-09-12)
    In: AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT, Academic Journals, Vol. 6, No. 36 ( 2012-09-12)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1993-8233
    URL: Issue
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Academic Journals
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2379628-5
    SSG: 3,2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Walter de Gruyter GmbH ; 2019
    In:  Biomedical Human Kinetics Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2019-01-01), p. 175-180
    In: Biomedical Human Kinetics, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2019-01-01), p. 175-180
    Abstract: Study aim: External focus of attention is considered as a critical factor in the OPTIMAL theory of motor learning. This theory proposes that external focus of attention facilitates motor performance and learning because it promotes focusing on the task goal. However, the effects of external focus of attention on focusing on the task goal are not well understood. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the effects of an external focus of attention versus an internal focus of attention on motor learning and promoting focus of the learner on the task goal. Material and methods: Thirty-six right-handed male students (mean age 21.16 ± 1.85 years old) with no prior experiences with the motor task were randomly assigned to three groups: external focus, internal focus, and control groups. Participants were asked to throw darts at a target during an acquisition phase (10 blocks of six trials each) and during subsequent retention and transfer tests. Throwing accuracy and focus on the task goal were measured as dependent variables. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures as well as a one-way ANOVA was used to analyze the differences in accuracy scores between groups during the acquisition phase as well as retention and transfer tests, respectively. The significance level was set at p 〈 .05. The author supervised all phases of the experiment. Results: The results showed that adopting an external focus promoted a focus on the task goal and resulted in significantly better motor learning than adopting an internal focus and control conditions ( p 〈 0.05). Conclusions: The findings of the present study provided support for the propositions of the OPTIMAL theory and showed that adopting an external focus of attention promotes focus of the learner on the task goal. The results are discussed in terms of benefits of external focus instructions for facilitating motor learning and goal-action coupling.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2080-2234
    Language: English
    Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2504081-9
    SSG: 31
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