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  • 1
    In: ISEE Conference Abstracts, Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 2021, No. 1 ( 2021-08-23)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1078-0475
    Language: English
    Publisher: Environmental Health Perspectives
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028870-0
    SSG: 27
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2018
    In:  Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention Vol. 27, No. 7_Supplement ( 2018-07-01), p. IA16-IA16
    In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 27, No. 7_Supplement ( 2018-07-01), p. IA16-IA16
    Abstract: Epidemiologic evidence links chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) to a host of adverse health effects, including cancer of the bladder. This study aimed to identify DNA methylation patterns associated with arsenic and its metabolites in exfoliated urothelial cells (EUCs) that originate primarily from the urinary bladder, one of the targets of arsenic-induced carcinogenesis. EUCs from 46 residents of Chihuahua, Mexico were analyzed for genome-wide, gene-specific promoter DNA methylation levels. These were analyzed in relation to intracellular concentrations of total arsenic and arsenic species. A set of 49 differentially methylated genes was identified with increased promoter methylation associated with EUC tAs, iAs, and/or monomethylated As (MMAs) enriched for their roles in metabolic disease and cancer. Notably, no genes had differential methylation associated with EUC dimethylated As (DMAs), suggesting that DMAs may influence DNA methylation-mediated urothelial cell responses to a lesser extent than iAs or MMAs. Further analysis showed that 22 of the 49 arsenic-associated genes (45%) are also differentially methylated in bladder cancer tissue identified using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) repository. Both the arsenic- and cancer-associated genes were enriched for the binding sites of common transcription factors known to play roles in carcinogenesis, demonstrating a novel potential mechanistic link between iAs exposure and bladder cancer. Citation Format: Rebecca C. Fry, Rebecca C. Fry. Identifying an epigenetic basis for arsenic-associated bladder cancer in a population in Chihuahua Mexico [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr IA16.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1055-9965 , 1538-7755
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036781-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1153420-5
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  • 3
    In: JAMA Network Open, American Medical Association (AMA), Vol. 6, No. 4 ( 2023-04-28), p. e2310696-
    Abstract: Limited data exist on pediatric health care utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic among children and young adults born preterm. Objective To investigate differences in health care use related to COVID-19 concerns during the pandemic among children and young adults born preterm vs those born at term. Design, Setting, and Participants In this cohort study, questionnaires regarding COVID-19 and health care utilization were completed by 1691 mother-offspring pairs from 42 pediatric cohorts in the National Institutes of Health Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes Program. Children and young adults (ages 1-18 years) in these analyses were born between 2003 and 2021. Data were recorded by the August 31, 2021, data-lock date and were analyzed between October 2021 and October 2022. Exposures Premature birth ( & amp;lt;37 weeks’ gestation). Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was health care utilization related to COVID-19 concerns (hospitalization, in-person clinic or emergency department visit, phone or telehealth evaluations). Individuals born preterm vs term (≥37 weeks’ gestation) and differences among preterm subgroups of individuals ( & amp;lt;28 weeks’, 28-36 weeks’ vs ≥37 weeks’ gestation) were assessed. Generalized estimating equations assessed population odds for health care used and related symptoms, controlling for maternal age, education, and psychiatric disorder; offspring history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or asthma; and timing and age at COVID-19 questionnaire completion. Results Data from 1691 children and young adults were analyzed; among 270 individuals born preterm, the mean (SD) age at survey completion was 8.8 (4.4) years, 151 (55.9%) were male, and 193 (71.5%) had a history of BPD or asthma diagnosis. Among 1421 comparison individuals with term birth, the mean (SD) age at survey completion was 8.4 (2.4) years, 749 (52.7%) were male, and 233 (16.4%) had a history of BPD or asthma. Preterm subgroups included 159 individuals (58.5%) born at less than 28 weeks’ gestation. In adjusted analyses, individuals born preterm had a significantly higher odds of health care utilization related to COVID-19 concerns (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.70; 95% CI, 1.21-2.38) compared with term-born individuals; similar differences were also seen for the subgroup of individuals born at less than 28 weeks’ gestation (aOR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.40-3.29). Maternal history of a psychiatric disorder was a significant covariate associated with health care utilization for all individuals (aOR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.17-1.78). Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that during the COVID-19 pandemic, children and young adults born preterm were more likely to have used health care related to COVID-19 concerns compared with their term-born peers, independent of a history of BPD or asthma. Further exploration of factors associated with COVID-19–related health care use may facilitate refinement of care models.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2574-3805
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2931249-8
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  • 4
    In: JAMA Network Open, American Medical Association (AMA), Vol. 6, No. 2 ( 2023-02-24), p. e230672-
    Abstract: Preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, and gestational diabetes, the most common pregnancy complications, are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality in mothers and children. Little is known about the biological processes that link the occurrence of these pregnancy complications with adverse child outcomes; altered biological aging of the growing fetus up to birth is one molecular pathway of increasing interest. Objective To evaluate whether exposure to each of these 3 pregnancy complications (gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia) is associated with accelerated or decelerated gestational biological age in children at birth. Design, Setting, and Participants Children included in these analyses were born between 1998 and 2018 and spanned multiple geographic areas of the US. Pregnancy complication information was obtained from maternal self-report and/or medical record data. DNA methylation measures were obtained from blood biospecimens collected from offspring at birth. The study used data from the national Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) multisite cohort study collected and recorded as of the August 31, 2021, data lock date. Data analysis was performed from September 2021 to December 2022. Exposures Three pregnancy conditions were examined: gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes. Main Outcomes and Measures Accelerated or decelerated biological gestational age at birth, estimated using existing epigenetic gestational age clock algorithms. Results A total of 1801 child participants (880 male [48.9%]; median [range] chronological gestational age at birth, 39 [30-43] weeks) from 12 ECHO cohorts met the analytic inclusion criteria. Reported races included Asian (49 participants [2.7%] ), Black (390 participants [21.7%]), White (1026 participants [57.0%] ), and other races (92 participants [5.1%]) (ie, American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, multiple races, and other race not specified). In total, 524 participants (29.0%) reported Hispanic ethnicity. Maternal ages ranged from 16 to 45 years of age with a median of 29 in the analytic sample. A range of maternal education levels, from less than high school (260 participants [14.4%] ) to Bachelor’s degree and above (629 participants [34.9%]), were reported. In adjusted regression models, prenatal exposure to maternal gestational diabetes (β, −0.423; 95% CI, −0.709 to −0.138) and preeclampsia (β, −0.513; 95% CI, −0.857 to −0.170), but not gestational hypertension (β, 0.003; 95% CI, −0.338 to 0.344), were associated with decelerated epigenetic aging among exposed neonates vs those who were unexposed. Modification of these associations, by sex, was observed with exposure to preeclampsia (β, −0.700; 95% CI, −1.189 to −0.210) and gestational diabetes (β, −0.636; 95% CI, −1.070 to −0.200), with associations observed among female but not male participants. Conclusions and Relevance This US cohort study of neonate biological changes related to exposure to maternal pregnancy conditions found evidence that preeclampsia and gestational diabetes delay biological maturity, especially in female offspring.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2574-3805
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2931249-8
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  • 5
    In: Journal of Perinatology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 40, No. 2 ( 2020-02), p. 306-315
    Abstract: Infection of the placenta has been associated with preterm birth as well as neurocognitive impairment. This study aimed to determine whether specific bacterial species in the placenta of extremely preterm pregnancies are associated with neurological deficits later in life. Study Design Using data from 807 children in the ELGAN study the risks of a low score on six neurological assessments in relation to 15 different microbes were quantified with odds ratios. Results The presence of certain microbial species in the placenta was associated with lower scores on numerical and oral language assessments. Lactobacillus sp. was associated with decreased risk of a low oral language score and a composite measure of IQ and executive function. Conclusion Placental microorganisms were associated with neurocognitive, but not social-communicative, outcomes at age 10. In contrast, the presence of the anti-inflammatory Lactobacillus sp. in the placenta was associated with a lower risk of impaired neurocognitive functions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0743-8346 , 1476-5543
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2007668-X
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  • 6
    In: Clinical Epigenetics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2023-09-02)
    Abstract: Epigenetic clocks are promising tools for assessing biological age. We assessed the accuracy of pediatric epigenetic clocks in gestational and chronological age determination. Results Our study used data from seven tissue types on three DNA methylation profiling microarrays and found that the Knight and Bohlin clocks performed similarly for blood cells, while the Lee clock was superior for placental samples. The pediatric-buccal-epigenetic clock performed the best for pediatric buccal samples, while the Horvath clock is recommended for children's blood cell samples. The NeoAge clock stands out for its unique ability to predict post-menstrual age with high correlation with the observed age in infant buccal cell samples. Conclusions Our findings provide valuable guidance for future research and development of epigenetic clocks in pediatric samples, enabling more accurate assessments of biological age.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1868-7083
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2553921-8
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  • 7
    In: Radiology, Radiological Society of North America (RSNA), Vol. 304, No. 2 ( 2022-08), p. 419-428
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-8419 , 1527-1315
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Radiological Society of North America (RSNA)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 80324-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2010588-5
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  • 8
    In: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Elsevier BV, Vol. 130, No. 4 ( 2012-10), p. 958-967.e14
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0091-6749
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006613-2
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  • 9
    In: Frontiers in Toxicology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 4 ( 2022-6-22)
    Abstract: Research in environmental health is becoming increasingly reliant upon data science and computational methods that can more efficiently extract information from complex datasets. Data science and computational methods can be leveraged to better identify relationships between exposures to stressors in the environment and human disease outcomes, representing critical information needed to protect and improve global public health. Still, there remains a critical gap surrounding the training of researchers on these in silico methods. We aimed to address this gap by developing the inTelligence And Machine lEarning (TAME) Toolkit, promoting trainee-driven data generation, management, and analysis methods to “TAME” data in environmental health studies. Training modules were developed to provide applications-driven examples of data organization and analysis methods that can be used to address environmental health questions. Target audiences for these modules include students, post-baccalaureate and post-doctorate trainees, and professionals that are interested in expanding their skillset to include recent advances in data analysis methods relevant to environmental health, toxicology, exposure science, epidemiology, and bioinformatics/cheminformatics. Modules were developed by study coauthors using annotated script and were organized into three chapters within a GitHub Bookdown site. The first chapter of modules focuses on introductory data science, which includes the following topics: setting up R/RStudio and coding in the R environment; data organization basics; finding and visualizing data trends; high-dimensional data visualizations; and Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability (FAIR) data management practices. The second chapter of modules incorporates chemical-biological analyses and predictive modeling, spanning the following methods: dose-response modeling; machine learning and predictive modeling; mixtures analyses; -omics analyses; toxicokinetic modeling; and read-across toxicity predictions. The last chapter of modules was organized to provide examples on environmental health database mining and integration, including chemical exposure, health outcome, and environmental justice indicators. Training modules and associated data are publicly available online ( https://uncsrp.github.io/Data-Analysis-Training-Modules/ ). Together, this resource provides unique opportunities to obtain introductory-level training on current data analysis methods applicable to 21st century science and environmental health.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2673-3080
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3017830-7
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  • 10
    In: JAMA Network Open, American Medical Association (AMA), Vol. 5, No. 12 ( 2022-12-22), p. e2247957-
    Abstract: Physical and social neighborhood attributes may have implications for children’s growth and development patterns. The extent to which these attributes are associated with body mass index (BMI) trajectories and obesity risk from childhood to adolescence remains understudied. Objective To examine associations of neighborhood-level measures of opportunity and social vulnerability with trajectories of BMI and obesity risk from birth to adolescence. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used data from 54 cohorts (20 677 children) participating in the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program from January 1, 1995, to January 1, 2022. Participant inclusion required at least 1 geocoded residential address and anthropometric measure (taken at the same time or after the address date) from birth through adolescence. Data were analyzed from February 1 to June 30, 2022. Exposures Census tract–level Child Opportunity Index (COI) and Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) linked to geocoded residential addresses at birth and in infancy (age range, 0.5-1.5 years), early childhood (age range, 2.0-4.8 years), and mid-childhood (age range, 5.0-9.8 years). Main Outcomes and Measures BMI (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by length [if aged & amp;lt;2 years] or height in meters squared) and obesity (age- and sex-specific BMI ≥95th percentile). Based on nationwide distributions of the COI and SVI, Census tract rankings were grouped into 5 categories: very low ( & amp;lt;20th percentile), low (20th percentile to & amp;lt;40th percentile), moderate (40th percentile to & amp;lt;60th percentile), high (60th percentile to & amp;lt;80th percentile), or very high (≥80th percentile) opportunity (COI) or vulnerability (SVI). Results Among 20 677 children, 10 747 (52.0%) were male; 12 463 of 20 105 (62.0%) were White, and 16 036 of 20 333 (78.9%) were non-Hispanic. (Some data for race and ethnicity were missing.) Overall, 29.9% of children in the ECHO program resided in areas with the most advantageous characteristics. For example, at birth, 26.7% of children lived in areas with very high COI, and 25.3% lived in areas with very low SVI; in mid-childhood, 30.6% lived in areas with very high COI and 28.4% lived in areas with very low SVI. Linear mixed-effects models revealed that at every life stage, children who resided in areas with higher COI (vs very low COI) had lower mean BMI trajectories and lower risk of obesity from childhood to adolescence, independent of family sociodemographic and prenatal characteristics. For example, among children with obesity at age 10 years, the risk ratio was 0.21 (95% CI, 0.12-0.34) for very high COI at birth, 0.31 (95% CI, 0.20-0.51) for high COI at birth, 0.46 (95% CI, 0.28-0.74) for moderate COI at birth, and 0.53 (95% CI, 0.32-0.86) for low COI at birth. Similar patterns of findings were observed for children who resided in areas with lower SVI (vs very high SVI). For example, among children with obesity at age 10 years, the risk ratio was 0.17 (95% CI, 0.10-0.30) for very low SVI at birth, 0.20 (95% CI, 0.11-0.35) for low SVI at birth, 0.42 (95% CI, 0.24-0.75) for moderate SVI at birth, and 0.43 (95% CI, 0.24-0.76) for high SVI at birth. For both indices, effect estimates for mean BMI difference and obesity risk were larger at an older age of outcome measurement. In addition, exposure to COI or SVI at birth was associated with the most substantial difference in subsequent mean BMI and risk of obesity compared with exposure at later life stages. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, residing in higher-opportunity and lower-vulnerability neighborhoods in early life, especially at birth, was associated with a lower mean BMI trajectory and a lower risk of obesity from childhood to adolescence. Future research should clarify whether initiatives or policies that alter specific components of neighborhood environment would be beneficial in preventing excess weight in children.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2574-3805
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2931249-8
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