In:
Journal AWWA, Wiley, Vol. 85, No. 9 ( 1993-09), p. 89-97
Abstract:
Experiments were carried out to confirm the presence of chlorate ion (ClO 3 − ) in the treated water of utilities that use hypochlorination. Sixteen commercially produced, concentrated liquid hypochlorite feedstocks were analyzed for ClO 3 − , and levels as high as 158 g percent ClO 3 − relative to hypochlorite ion were measured. Finished‐water samples from the utilities surveyed contained as much as 0.30 mg ClO 3 − /L, primarily the result of decomposition of the liquid hypochlorite feedstocks. Although both dilution and lower temperatures can be effective in minimizing ClO 3 − formation, it was observed that diluting the initial liquid hypochlorite concentration by a factor of 2 is more effective than decreasing the temperature from 24 to 10°C. A methodology is proposed that predicts the dilution or temperature reduction (or both) required to avoid significant ClO 3 − formation in the feedstock solutions.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
0003-150X
,
1551-8833
DOI:
10.1002/awwa.1993.85.issue-9
DOI:
10.1002/j.1551-8833.1993.tb06065.x
Language:
English
Publisher:
Wiley
Publication Date:
1993
detail.hit.zdb_id:
2144899-1
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