Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 199, No. 1 ( 2022-04-13), p. 470-495

Abstract: Areas of endemism characterize geographical regions by their unique biotas, providing the basis for studies on the ecological and historical drivers of these biologically distinct units. Tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae) are a highly diverse clade of lianas distributed throughout the Neotropics, representing an excellent model for studying the drivers of species diversity and distribution patterns in this region. We used a dataset representing 98% of the diversity of Bignonieae and 21 170 unique locality records to perform an analysis of endemicity using NDM/VNDM. We recovered areas of endemism distributed across the Neotropics, including a higher number of areas at coarser spatial scales. Although overlapping and nested patterns of endemism were common and the spatial congruence with the individual units of previous regionalization schemes was low, the patterns of endemism recovered were in general agreement with those documented for other taxa. Our findings are generally consistent with key Neotropical biogeographical hypotheses. These results highlight the importance of studying detailed distribution patterns of selected taxa for an improved understanding of Neotropical biogeography.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0024-4074 , 1095-8339

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boab066

Language: English

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Publication Date: 2022

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1462255-5

SSG: 12

In: Cladistics, Wiley, Vol. 33, No. 6 ( 2017-12), p. 574-616

Abstract: We present a phylogenetic analysis of spiders using a dataset of 932 spider species, representing 115 families (only the family Synaphridae is unrepresented), 700 known genera, and additional representatives of 26 unidentified or undescribed genera. Eleven genera of the orders Amblypygi, Palpigradi, Schizomida and Uropygi are included as outgroups. The dataset includes six markers from the mitochondrial (12S, 16S, COI ) and nuclear (histone H3, 18S, 28S) genomes, and was analysed by multiple methods, including constrained analyses using a highly supported backbone tree from transcriptomic data. We recover most of the higher‐level structure of the spider tree with good support, including Mesothelae, Opisthothelae, Mygalomorphae and Araneomorphae. Several of our analyses recover Hypochilidae and Filistatidae as sister groups, as suggested by previous transcriptomic analyses. The Synspermiata are robustly supported, and the families Trogloraptoridae and Caponiidae are found as sister to the Dysderoidea. Our results support the Lost Tracheae clade, including Pholcidae, Tetrablemmidae, Diguetidae, Plectreuridae and the family Pacullidae ( restored status ) separate from Tetrablemmidae. The Scytodoidea include Ochyroceratidae along with Sicariidae, Scytodidae, Drymusidae and Periegopidae; our results are inconclusive about the separation of these last two families. We did not recover monophyletic Austrochiloidea and Leptonetidae, but our data suggest that both groups are more closely related to the Cylindrical Gland Spigot clade rather than to Synspermiata. Palpimanoidea is not recovered by our analyses, but also not strongly contradicted. We find support for Entelegynae and Oecobioidea (Oecobiidae plus Hersiliidae), and ambiguous placement of cribellate orb‐weavers, compatible with their non‐monophyly. Nicodamoidea (Nicodamidae plus Megadictynidae) and Araneoidea composition and relationships are consistent with recent analyses. We did not obtain resolution for the titanoecoids (Titanoecidae and Phyxelididae), but the Retrolateral Tibial Apophysis clade is well supported. Penestomidae, and probably Homalonychidae, are part of Zodarioidea, although the latter family was set apart by recent transcriptomic analyses. Our data support a large group that we call the marronoid clade (including the families Amaurobiidae, Desidae, Dictynidae, Hahniidae, Stiphidiidae, Agelenidae and Toxopidae). The circumscription of most marronoid families is redefined here. Amaurobiidae include the Amaurobiinae and provisionally Macrobuninae. We transfer Malenellinae ( Malenella , from Anyphaenidae), Chummidae ( Chumma ) ( new syn. ) and Tasmarubriinae ( Tasmarubrius , Tasmabrochus and Teeatta , from Amphinectidae) to Macrobuninae. Cybaeidae are redefined to include Calymmaria , Cryphoeca , Ethobuella and Willisius (transferred from Hahniidae), and Blabomma and Yorima (transferred from Dictynidae). Cycloctenidae are redefined to include Orepukia (transferred from Agelenidae) and Pakeha and Paravoca (transferred from Amaurobiidae). Desidae are redefined to include five subfamilies: Amphinectinae, with Amphinecta , Mamoea , Maniho , Paramamoea and Rangitata (transferred from Amphinectidae); Ischaleinae, with Bakala and Manjala (transferred from Amaurobiidae) and Ischalea (transferred from Stiphidiidae); Metaltellinae, with Austmusia , Buyina , Calacadia , Cunnawarra , Jalkaraburra , Keera , Magua , Metaltella , Penaoola and Quemusia ; Porteriinae ( new rank ), with Baiami , Cambridgea , Corasoides and Nanocambridgea (transferred from Stiphidiidae); and Desinae, with Desis , and provisionally Poaka (transferred from Amaurobiidae) and Barahna (transferred from Stiphidiidae). Argyroneta is transferred from Cybaeidae to Dictynidae. Cicurina is transferred from Dictynidae to Hahniidae. The genera Neoramia (from Agelenidae) and Aorangia , Marplesia and Neolana (from Amphinectidae) are transferred to Stiphidiidae. The family Toxopidae ( restored status ) includes two subfamilies: Myroinae, with Gasparia , Gohia , Hulua , Neomyro , Myro , Ommatauxesis and Otagoa (transferred from Desidae); and Toxopinae, with Midgee and Jamara , formerly Midgeeinae, new syn. (transferred from Amaurobiidae) and Hapona , Laestrygones , Lamina , Toxops and Toxopsoides (transferred from Desidae). We obtain a monophyletic Oval Calamistrum clade and Dionycha; Sparassidae, however, are not dionychans, but probably the sister group of those two clades. The composition of the Oval Calamistrum clade is confirmed (including Zoropsidae, Udubidae, Ctenidae, Oxyopidae, Senoculidae, Pisauridae, Trechaleidae, Lycosidae, Psechridae and Thomisidae), affirming previous findings on the uncertain relationships of the “ctenids” Ancylometes and Cupiennius , although a core group of Ctenidae are well supported. Our data were ambiguous as to the monophyly of Oxyopidae. In Dionycha, we found a first split of core Prodidomidae, excluding the Australian Molycriinae, which fall distantly from core prodidomids, among gnaphosoids. The rest of the dionychans form two main groups, Dionycha part A and part B. The former includes much of the Oblique Median Tapetum clade (Trochanteriidae, Gnaphosidae, Gallieniellidae, Phrurolithidae, Trachelidae, Gnaphosidae, Ammoxenidae, Lamponidae and the Molycriinae), and also Anyphaenidae and Clubionidae. Orthobula is transferred from Phrurolithidae to Trachelidae. Our data did not allow for complete resolution for the gnaphosoid families. Dionycha part B includes the families Salticidae, Eutichuridae, Miturgidae, Philodromidae, Viridasiidae, Selenopidae, Corinnidae and Xenoctenidae (new fam. , including Xenoctenus , Paravulsor and Odo , transferred from Miturgidae, as well as Incasoctenus from Ctenidae). We confirm the inclusion of Zora (formerly Zoridae) within Miturgidae.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0748-3007 , 1096-0031

URL: Issue

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1111/cla.2017.33.issue-6

DOI: 10.1111/cla.12182

Language: English

Publisher: Wiley

Publication Date: 2017

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SSG: 12

SSG: 13

In: Cladistics, Wiley, Vol. 25, No. 3 ( 2009-06), p. 211-230

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0748-3007 , 1096-0031

URL: Issue

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1111/cla.2009.25.issue-3

DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00255.x

Language: English

Publisher: Wiley

Publication Date: 2009

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1462608-1

SSG: 12

SSG: 13

In: Cladistics, Wiley, Vol. 31, No. 5 ( 2015-10), p. 568-572

Abstract: Quantitative analyses of areas of endemism have rarely considered higher taxa. This paper discusses aspects related to the use of higher taxa in the analysis of areas of endemism, and computer implementations. An example of the application of the method is provided, with a data set for Nearctic mammals, showing that some of the areas recognized by species‐level taxa also adjust well to the distribution of other taxa of higher level (genera, monophyletic groups).

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0748-3007 , 1096-0031

URL: Issue

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1111/cla.2015.31.issue-5

DOI: 10.1111/cla.12112

Language: English

Publisher: Wiley

Publication Date: 2015

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1462608-1

SSG: 12

SSG: 13

In: Cladistics, Wiley, Vol. 38, No. 1 ( 2022-02), p. 126-146

Abstract: This paper examines the implementation of parsimony methods in the programs PAUP*, MEGA and MPBoot, and compares them with TNT. PAUP* implements standard, well‐tested algorithms, and flexible search strategies and options for handling trees; its main drawback is the lack of advanced search algorithms, which makes it difficult to find most parsimonious trees for large and complex datasets. In addition, branch‐swapping can be much slower than in TNT for datasets with large numbers of taxa, although this is only occasionally a problem for phylogenomic datasets given that they typically have small numbers of taxa. The parsimony implementation of MEGA has major drawbacks. MEGA often fails to find parsimonious trees because it does not perform all possible branch swapping subtree pruning regrafting (SPR)/tree bisection‐reconnection (TBR) rearrangements. It furthermore fails to properly handle ambiguity or multiple equally parsimonious trees, and it uses the same addition sequence for all bootstrap replicates. The latter yields values of group support that depend on the order in which taxa are listed in the dataset. In addition, tree searches are very slow and do not facilitate the exploration of different starting points (as random seed is fixed). MPBoot searches for optimal trees using the ratchet, but it is based on SPR instead of TBR (and only evaluates by default a subset of the SPR rearrangements). MPBoot approximates bootstrap frequencies by first finding a sample of trees and then selecting from those trees for every replicate, without performing a tree‐search. The approximation is too rough in many cases, producing serious under‐ or overestimations of the correct support values and, for most kinds of datasets, slower estimations than can be obtained with TNT. In addition, bootstrapping with PAUP*, MEGA or MPBoot can attribute strong supports to groups that have no support at all under any meaningful concept of support, such as likelihood ratios or Bremer supports. In TNT, this problem is decreased by using the strict consensus tree to represent each replicate, or eliminated entirely by using different approximations of the Bremer support.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0748-3007 , 1096-0031

URL: Issue

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1111/cla.v38.1

DOI: 10.1111/cla.12476

Language: English

Publisher: Wiley

Publication Date: 2022

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1462608-1

SSG: 12

SSG: 13

In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Elsevier BV, Vol. 161 ( 2021-08), p. 107086-

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1055-7903

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107086

Language: English

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Publication Date: 2021

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1471402-4

SSG: 12

In: Current Biology, Elsevier BV, Vol. 30, No. 20 ( 2020-10), p. 4033-4046.e8

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0960-9822

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.105

Language: English

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Publication Date: 2020

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019214-9

SSG: 12

In: Cladistics, Wiley, Vol. 26, No. 5 ( 2010-10), p. 539-549

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0748-3007

URL: Issue

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1111/cla.2010.26.issue-5

DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2010.00302.x

Language: English

Publisher: Wiley

Publication Date: 2010

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1462608-1

SSG: 12

SSG: 13

In: Cladistics, Wiley, Vol. 37, No. 5 ( 2021-10), p. 559-570

Abstract: We analyzed 769 242 occurrence records for 115 424 species of terrestrial arthropods, from three biodiversity repositories (Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), Natural History Museum, London, and “Sistema de Informação Distribuído para Coleções Biológicas” (SpeciesLink)), to test the use of global‐scale data points for quantitative assessments of areas of endemism. The data include Insecta (105,941 species), Arachnida (7984 species), Myriapoda (1229) and terrestrial crustaceans (270 Branchiopoda). The species were assigned to 14 543 higher taxonomic groups because such groups often characterize larger areas of endemism. Putative areas of endemism were visualized as sets of cells displaying unique groups of species without the assumption of hierarchical relationships. Yet, the use of 10° grid cells recovered many large areas broadly corresponding to biogeographic Regions (Nearctic, Neotropical, Panamanian, Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Australian, Oceanian and Oriental) albeit with the limits poorly defined. An analysis of 5° grids resulted in 306 sets included in the different biogeographic Realms: Afrotropical, Australian, Madagascan, Nearctic, Neotropical, Oceanian, Oriental, Palaearctic, Saharo‐Arabian and Sino‐Japanese. The Panamanian Realm comprises 89 partly overlapping sets, crossing the Nearctic and Neotropical boundaries. A total of 7338 species of Insecta were endemic to some areas (Sino‐Japanese, Afrotropical, Panamanian, Palaearctic, among others), followed by Arachnida (412 spp) and 105 species in other clades ranked as “classes”. Six sets were supported only by genera, except for Panamanian sets that were supported by genera and families. Many of the species in the dataset are included in IUCN red lists, but probably most of those have distributions more restricted than global areas of endemism; only 102 appear as endemic to some area (Neartic, Madagascan, Panamanian, Afrotropical, among others). The results show that data from global databases can be used to identify areas of endemism on a worldwide basis but—owing to their incompleteness—only at a relatively coarse level. At the level of resolution currently allowed by such databases, such global studies are only complementary to studies where areas are determined subjectively by systematists (instead of actual point records), or studies using point records in datasets for specific taxonomic groups curated and compiled by specialists.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0748-3007 , 1096-0031

URL: Issue

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1111/cla.v37.5

DOI: 10.1111/cla.12448

Language: English

Publisher: Wiley

Publication Date: 2021

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1462608-1

SSG: 12

SSG: 13

In: Cladistics, Wiley, Vol. 27, No. 1 ( 2011-02), p. 42-51

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0748-3007

URL: Issue

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1111/cla.2010.27.issue-1

DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2010.00318.x

Language: English

Publisher: Wiley

Publication Date: 2011

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1462608-1

SSG: 12

SSG: 13