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Effect of Biannual Mass Azithromycin Distributions to Preschool-Aged Children on Trachoma Prevalence in Niger : A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial

Arzika, Ahmed M. ; Mindo-Panusis, Dallas ; Abdou, Amza ; [et al.]

American Medical Association (AMA) ; 2022

In: JAMA Network Open Vol. 5, No. 8 ( 2022-08-23), p. e2228244-

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In: JAMA Network Open, American Medical Association (AMA), Vol. 5, No. 8 ( 2022-08-23), p. e2228244-

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2574-3805

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.28244

Language: English

Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)

Publication Date: 2022

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2931249-8

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Monitoring transmission intensity of trachoma with serology

Tedijanto, Christine ; Solomon, Anthony W. ; Martin, Diana L. ; [et al.]

Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023

In: Nature Communications Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2023-06-05)

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In: Nature Communications, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2023-06-05)

Abstract: Trachoma, caused by ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection, is targeted for global elimination as a public health problem by 2030. To provide evidence for use of antibodies to monitor C. trachomatis transmission, we collated IgG responses to Pgp3 antigen, PCR positivity, and clinical observations from 19,811 children aged 1–9 years in 14 populations. We demonstrate that age-seroprevalence curves consistently shift along a gradient of transmission intensity: rising steeply in populations with high levels of infection and active trachoma and becoming flat in populations near elimination. Seroprevalence (range: 0–54%) and seroconversion rates (range: 0–15 per 100 person-years) correlate with PCR prevalence (r: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.97). A seroprevalence threshold of 13.5% (seroconversion rate 2.75 per 100 person-years) identifies clusters with any PCR-identified infection at high sensitivity ( 〉 90%) and moderate specificity (69–75%). Antibody responses in young children provide a robust, generalizable approach to monitor population progress toward and beyond trachoma elimination.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2041-1723

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38940-5

Language: English

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Publication Date: 2023

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2553671-0

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Changes in trachoma indicators in Kiribati with two rounds of azithromycin mass drug administration, measured in serial population-based surveys

Goodhew, E. Brook ; Taoaba, Raebwebwe ; Harding-Esch, Emma M. ; [et al.]

Public Library of Science (PLoS) ; 2023

In: PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases Vol. 17, No. 7 ( 2023-7-7), p. e0011441-

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In: PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 17, No. 7 ( 2023-7-7), p. e0011441-

Abstract: Baseline mapping in the two major population centers of Kiribati showed that trachoma was a public health problem in need of programmatic interventions. After conducting two annual rounds of antibiotic mass drug administration (MDA), Kiribati undertook trachoma impact surveys in 2019, using standardized two-stage cluster surveys in the evaluation units of Kiritimati Island and Tarawa. In Kiritimati, 516 households were visited and in Tarawa, 772 households were visited. Nearly all households had a drinking water source and access to an improved latrine. The prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis remained above the elimination threshold (0.2% in ≥15-year-olds) and was virtually unchanged from baseline. The prevalence of trachomatous inflammation—follicular (TF) in 1–9-year-olds decreased by approximately 40% from baseline in both evaluation units but remained above the 5% TF prevalence threshold for stopping MDA. TF prevalence at impact survey was 11.5% in Kiritimati and 17.9% in Tarawa. Infection prevalence in 1–9-year-olds by PCR was 0.96% in Kiritimati and 3.3% in Tarawa. Using a multiplex bead assay to measure antibodies to the C . trachomatis antigen Pgp3, seroprevalence in 1–9-year-olds was 30.2% in Kiritimati and 31.4% in Tarawa. The seroconversion rate, in seroconversion events/100 children/year, was 9.0 in Kiritimati and 9.2 in Tarawa. Seroprevalence and seroconversion rates were both assessed by four different assays, with strong agreement between tests. These results show that, despite decreases in indicators associated with infection at impact survey, trachoma remains a public health problem in Kiribati, and provide additional information about changes in serological indicators after MDA.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1935-2735

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011441

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011441.g001

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011441.g002

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011441.g003

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011441.g004

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011441.g005

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011441.t001

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011441.t002

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011441.t003

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011441.t004

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011441.s001

Language: English

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Publication Date: 2023

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2429704-5

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Multiplex Serologic Assessment of Schistosomiasis in Western Kenya: Antibody Responses in Preschool Aged Children as a Measure of Reduced Transmission

Won, Kimberly Y. ; Kanyi, Henry M. ; Mwende, Faith M. ; [et al.]

American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ; 2017

In: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Vol. 96, No. 6 ( 2017-06-07), p. 1460-1467

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In: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 96, No. 6 ( 2017-06-07), p. 1460-1467

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0002-9637 , 1476-1645

URL: Article

DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0665

Language: English

Publisher: American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Publication Date: 2017

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491674-5

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Effect of biannual azithromycin distribution on antibody responses to malaria, bacterial, and protozoan pathogens in Niger

Arzika, Ahmed M. ; Maliki, Ramatou ; Goodhew, E. Brook ; [et al.]

Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022

In: Nature Communications Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-02-21)

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In: Nature Communications, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-02-21)

Abstract: The MORDOR trial in Niger, Malawi, and Tanzania found that biannual mass distribution of azithromycin to children younger than 5 years led to a 13.5% reduction in all-cause mortality (NCT02048007). To help elucidate the mechanism for mortality reduction, we report IgG responses to 11 malaria, bacterial, and protozoan pathogens using a multiplex bead assay in pre-specified substudy of 30 communities in the rural Niger placebo-controlled trial over a three-year period ( n = 5642 blood specimens, n = 3814 children ages 1–59 months). Mass azithromycin reduces Campylobacter spp. force of infection by 29% (hazard ratio = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.89; P = 0.004) but serological measures show no significant differences between groups for other pathogens against a backdrop of high transmission. Results align with a recent microbiome study in the communities. Given significant sequelae of Campylobacter infection among preschool aged children, our results support an important mechanism through which biannual mass distribution of azithromycin likely reduces mortality in Niger.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2041-1723

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28565-5

Language: English

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Publication Date: 2022

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2553671-0

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Arnold, Benjamin F ; Martin, Diana L ; Juma, Jane ; [et al.]

eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd ; 2019

In: eLife Vol. 8 ( 2019-08-19)

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In: eLife, eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd, Vol. 8 ( 2019-08-19)

Abstract: Diarrhea, which is caused by bacteria such as Salmonella or by viruses like norovirus, is the fourth leading cause of death among children worldwide, with children in low-resource settings being at highest risk. The pathogens that cause diarrhea spread when stool from infected people comes into contact with new hosts, for example, through inadequate sanitation or by drinking contaminated water. Currently, the best way to track these infections is to collect stool samples from people and test them for the presence of the pathogens. Unfortunately, this is costly and difficult to do on a large scale outside of clinical settings, making it hard to track the spread of diarrhea-causing pathogens. The body produces antibodies – small proteins that can detect specific pathogens – in response to an infection. These antibodies help ward off future infections by the same pathogen, so if they are present in the blood, this indicates a current or previous infection. Scientists already collect blood samples to track malaria, HIV and vaccine-preventable diseases in low-resource settings. These samples could be tested more broadly to measure the levels of antibodies against diarrhea-causing pathogens. Now, Arnold et al. have used blood samples collected from children in Haiti, Kenya, and Tanzania to measure antibody responses to 8 diarrhea-causing pathogens. The results showed that many children in these settings had been infected with all 8 pathogens before age three, and that all of the pathogens shared similar age-dependent patterns of antibody response. This finding enabled Arnold et al. to combine antibody measurements with statistical models to estimate each pathogen’s force of infection, that is, the rate at which susceptible individuals in the population become infected. This is a key step for epidemiologists to understand which pathogens cause the most infections in a population. The experiments show that testing blood samples for antibodies could provide scientists with a new tool to track the transmission of diarrhea-causing pathogens in low-resource settings. This information could help public health officials design and test efforts to prevent diarrhea, for example, by improving water treatment or developing vaccines.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2050-084X

URL: Article

DOI: 10.7554/eLife.45594

DOI: 10.7554/eLife.45594.001

DOI: 10.7554/eLife.45594.002

DOI: 10.7554/eLife.45594.003

DOI: 10.7554/eLife.45594.004

DOI: 10.7554/eLife.45594.005

DOI: 10.7554/eLife.45594.006

DOI: 10.7554/eLife.45594.007

DOI: 10.7554/eLife.45594.008

DOI: 10.7554/eLife.45594.009

DOI: 10.7554/eLife.45594.010

DOI: 10.7554/eLife.45594.011

DOI: 10.7554/eLife.45594.012

DOI: 10.7554/eLife.45594.013

DOI: 10.7554/eLife.45594.014

DOI: 10.7554/eLife.45594.015

DOI: 10.7554/eLife.45594.016

DOI: 10.7554/eLife.45594.017

DOI: 10.7554/eLife.45594.018

DOI: 10.7554/eLife.45594.019

DOI: 10.7554/eLife.45594.020

DOI: 10.7554/eLife.45594.021

DOI: 10.7554/eLife.45594.022

DOI: 10.7554/eLife.45594.023

DOI: 10.7554/eLife.45594.024

DOI: 10.7554/eLife.45594.025

DOI: 10.7554/eLife.45594.026

DOI: 10.7554/eLife.45594.027

DOI: 10.7554/eLife.45594.028

DOI: 10.7554/eLife.45594.029

DOI: 10.7554/eLife.45594.033

DOI: 10.7554/eLife.45594.034

Language: English

Publisher: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd

Publication Date: 2019

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2687154-3

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Serology for Trachoma Surveillance after Cessation of Mass Drug Administration

Martin, Diana L. ; Bid, Rhiannon ; Sandi, Frank ; [et al.]

Public Library of Science (PLoS) ; 2015

In: PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2015-2-25), p. e0003555-

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In: PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2015-2-25), p. e0003555-

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1935-2735

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003555

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003555.g001

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003555.g002

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003555.t001

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003555.t002

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003555.s001

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003555.s002

Language: English

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Publication Date: 2015

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2429704-5

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Drug library screening against metronidazole-sensitive and metronidazole-resistant Trichomonas vaginalis isolates

Goodhew, E Brook ; Secor, W Evan

BMJ ; 2013

In: Sexually Transmitted Infections Vol. 89, No. 6 ( 2013-09), p. 479-484

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In: Sexually Transmitted Infections, BMJ, Vol. 89, No. 6 ( 2013-09), p. 479-484

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1368-4973 , 1472-3263

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051032

Language: English

Publisher: BMJ

Publication Date: 2013

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027968-1

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MPEG1/perforin-2 mutations in human pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infections

McCormack, Ryan M. ; Szymanski, Eva P. ; Hsu, Amy P. ; [et al.]

American Society for Clinical Investigation ; 2017

In: JCI Insight Vol. 2, No. 8 ( 2017-4-20)

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In: JCI Insight, American Society for Clinical Investigation, Vol. 2, No. 8 ( 2017-4-20)

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2379-3708

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.89635

DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.89635DS1

Language: English

Publisher: American Society for Clinical Investigation

Publication Date: 2017

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2874757-4

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CT694 and pgp3 as Serological Tools for Monitoring Trachoma Programs

Goodhew, E. Brook ; Priest, Jeffrey W. ; Moss, Delynn M. ; [et al.]

Public Library of Science (PLoS) ; 2012

In: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Vol. 6, No. 11 ( 2012-11-1), p. e1873-

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In: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 6, No. 11 ( 2012-11-1), p. e1873-

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1935-2735

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001873

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001873.g001

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001873.g002

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001873.g003

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001873.g004

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001873.t001

Language: English

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Publication Date: 2012

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2429704-5

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