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Prevalence, Clinical Severity, and Serotype Distribution of Pneumococcal Pneumonia Among Adults Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Tennessee and Georgia, 2018–2022

Self, Wesley H ; Johnson, Kelly D ; Resser, J Jackson ; [et al.]

Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2024

In: Clinical Infectious Diseases ( 2024-07-17)

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In: Clinical Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Press (OUP), ( 2024-07-17)

Abstract: Understanding the pneumococcal serotypes causing community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is essential for evaluating the impact of pneumococcal vaccines. Methods We conducted a prospective surveillance study of adults aged ≥18 years hospitalized with CAP at 3 hospitals in Tennessee and Georgia between 1 September 2018 and 31 October 2022. We assessed for pneumococcal etiology with cultures, the BinaxNOW urinary antigen detection test, and serotype-specific urinary antigen detection assays that detect 30 pneumococcal serotypes contained in the investigational pneumococcal conjugate vaccine V116, as well as licensed vaccines PCV15 and PCV20 (except serotype 15B). The distribution of pneumococcal serotypes was calculated based on serotype-specific urinary antigen detection results. Results Among 2917 hospitalized adults enrolled with CAP, 352 (12.1%) patients had Streptococcus pneumoniae detected, including 51 (1.7%) patients with invasive pneumococcal pneumonia. The 8 most commonly detected serotypes were: 3, 22F, 19A, 35B, 9N, 19F, 23A, and 11A. Among 2917 adults with CAP, 272 (9.3%) had a serotype detected that is contained in V116, compared to 196 (6.7%) patients with a serotype contained in PCV20 (P & lt; .001), and 168 (5.8%) patients with a serotype contained in PCV15 (P & lt; .001). A serotype contained in V116 but not PCV15 or PCV20 was detected in 120 (4.1%) patients, representing 38.0% of serotype detections. Conclusions Approximately 12% of adults hospitalized with CAP had S. pneumoniae detected, and approximately one-third of the detected pneumococcal serotypes were not contained in PCV15 or PCV20. Development of new pneumococcal vaccines with expanded serotype coverage has the potential to prevent a substantial burden of disease.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1058-4838 , 1537-6591

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciae316

RVK:

XA 10000

Language: English

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Publication Date: 2024

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2002229-3

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Molecular Epidemiology of Rhinovirus Detections in Young Children

Howard, Leigh M. ; Johnson, Monika ; Gil, Ana I. ; [et al.]

Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2016

In: Open Forum Infectious Diseases Vol. 3, No. 1 ( 2016-01-01)

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In: Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 3, No. 1 ( 2016-01-01)

Abstract: Background. Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are frequently detected in children with acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs) but also in asymptomatic children. We compared features of ARI with HRV species (A, B, C) and determined genotypes associated with repeated HRV detections within individuals. Methods. We used clinical data and respiratory samples obtained from children & lt;3 years old during weekly active household-based surveillance. A random subset of samples in which HRV was detected from individuals during both ARI and an asymptomatic period within 120 days of the ARI were genotyped. Features of ARI were compared among HRV species. Concordance of genotype among repeated HRV detections within individuals was assessed. Results. Among 207 ARI samples sequenced, HRV-A, HRV-B, and HRV-C were detected in 104 (50%), 20 (10%), and 83 (40%), respectively. Presence of fever, decreased appetite, and malaise were significantly higher in children with HRV-B. When codetections with other viruses were excluded (n = 155), these trends persisted, but some did not reach statistical significance. When 58 paired sequential HRV detections during asymptomatic and ARI episodes were sequenced, only 9 (16%) were identical genotypes of HRV. Conclusions. Clinical features may differ among HRV species. Repeated HRV detections in young children frequently represented acquisition of new HRV strains.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2328-8957

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofw001

Language: English

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Publication Date: 2016

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2757767-3

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Absolute and Relative Vaccine Effectiveness of Primary and Booster Series of COVID-19 Vaccines (mRNA and Adenovirus Vector) Against COVID-19 Hospitalizations in the United States, December 2021–April 2022

Lewis, Nathaniel M ; Murray, Nancy ; Adams, Katherine ; [et al.]

Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023

In: Open Forum Infectious Diseases Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2023-01-04)

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In: Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2023-01-04)

Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies are increasingly reporting relative VE (rVE) comparing a primary series plus booster doses with a primary series only. Interpretation of rVE differs from traditional studies measuring absolute VE (aVE) of a vaccine regimen against an unvaccinated referent group. We estimated aVE and rVE against COVID-19 hospitalization in primary-series plus first-booster recipients of COVID-19 vaccines. Methods Booster-eligible immunocompetent adults hospitalized at 21 medical centers in the United States during December 25, 2021–April 4, 2022 were included. In a test-negative design, logistic regression with case status as the outcome and completion of primary vaccine series or primary series plus 1 booster dose as the predictors, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to estimate aVE and rVE. Results A total of 2060 patients were analyzed, including 1104 COVID-19 cases and 956 controls. Relative VE against COVID-19 hospitalization in boosted mRNA vaccine recipients versus primary series only was 66% (95% confidence interval [CI], 55%–74%); aVE was 81% (95% CI, 75%–86%) for boosted versus 46% (95% CI, 30%–58%) for primary. For boosted Janssen vaccine recipients versus primary series, rVE was 49% (95% CI, −9% to 76%); aV E was 62% (95% CI, 33%–79%) for boosted versus 36% (95% CI, −4% to 60%) for primary. Conclusions Vaccine booster doses increased protection against COVID-19 hospitalization compared with a primary series. Comparing rVE measures across studies can lead to flawed interpretations of the added value of a new vaccination regimen, whereas difference in aVE, when available, may be a more useful metric.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2328-8957

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac698

Language: English

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Publication Date: 2023

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2757767-3

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Effectiveness of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna Vaccines Against COVID-19 Among Hospitalized Adults Aged ≥65 Years — United States, January–March 2021

Tenforde, Mark W. ; Olson, Samantha M. ; Self, Wesley H. ; [et al.]

Centers for Disease Control MMWR Office ; 2021

In: MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Vol. 70, No. 18 ( 2021-05-07), p. 674-679

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In: MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Centers for Disease Control MMWR Office, Vol. 70, No. 18 ( 2021-05-07), p. 674-679

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0149-2195 , 1545-861X

URL: Article

DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7018e1

Language: English

Publisher: Centers for Disease Control MMWR Office

Publication Date: 2021

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2067586-0

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Data_Sheet_7.docx

Celis, Carlos R. ; Ecker, Lucie ; Alvarado-Gamarra, Giancarlo ; [et al.]

Frontiers Media SA ; 2024

In: Frontiers in Public Health Vol. 12 ( 2024-8-14)

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In: Frontiers in Public Health, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2024-8-14)

Abstract: To characterize factors associated with parental willingness for their children participation in a COVID-19 vaccine trial, use of different COVID-19 vaccines and acceptance of a third vaccine dose. Methods Parents of children aged 12–17 years in Lima, Perú were asked to complete an online questionnaire via social networks, from November 9, 2021, to April 23, 2022. We calculated crude and adjusted prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals to compare factors with the mentioned outcomes. Results From 523 parents responding, 374 completed the survey. 90.4% would give their children a third vaccine dose, 36.6% would allow their children participation in a COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial, and 33.2% would accept different vaccine brands between doses. Parental belief that COVID-19 vaccine studies met quality standards was associated with acceptance of a third booster dose (adjusted PR 3.25; 95% CI1.57–6.74; p = 0.002), enrolment in a COVID-19 clinical trial (adjusted PR 4.49; 95% CI1.25–16.06; p = 0.02), and acceptance of different COVID-19 vaccine brands between doses (adjusted PR 10.02; 95% CI1.40–71.95; p = 0.02). Conclusion Most parents would accept a third vaccine booster dose, approximately a third would participate in COVID-19 vaccine trials. Believing COVID-19 vaccines studies fulfilled quality standards was associated with the study outcomes. It is necessary to inform about the rigorous processes for the development of COVID-19 vaccines to generate confidence in parents to accept these vaccine-related outcomes.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2296-2565

URL: Article

DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1421746

DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1421746.s001

DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1421746.s002

DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1421746.s003

DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1421746.s004

DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1421746.s005

DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1421746.s006

DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1421746.s007

Language: Unknown

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Publication Date: 2024

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2711781-9

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Antibiotic perceptions, adherence, and disposal practices among parents of pediatric patients

Dantuluri, Keerti L. ; Bonnet, Kemberlee R. ; Schlundt, David G. ; [et al.]

Public Library of Science (PLoS) ; 2023

In: PLOS ONE Vol. 18, No. 2 ( 2023-2-9), p. e0281660-

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In: PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 18, No. 2 ( 2023-2-9), p. e0281660-

Abstract: Antibiotics are frequently prescribed for children in the outpatient setting. Although sometimes necessary, antibiotic use is associated with important downstream effects including the development of antimicrobial resistance among human and environmental microorganisms. Current outpatient stewardship efforts focus on guiding appropriate antibiotic prescribing practices among providers, but little is known about parents’ understanding of antibiotics and appropriate disposal of leftover antibiotics. To help bridge this gap, we conducted a qualitative study to assess parental understanding of their children’s antibiotics, their adherence to antibiotic instructions, and their disposal practices. We conducted a semi-structured interview with parents of 13 children diagnosed with acute respiratory illnesses and prescribed antibiotics in an urban outpatient clinic. We found that parents had limited understanding of how antibiotics work. Although they received instructions about antibiotic use during the healthcare visit, adherence to the prescription and appropriate disposal of antibiotics was suboptimal. Limited baseline understanding of antibiotics, their prior experiences with antibiotics, perceptions about their social networks’ antibiotic use, and information provided to them by healthcare providers may influence these behaviors. Our findings can inform educational efforts of outpatient stewardship programs to help optimize parental understanding of how to use and dispose of their children’s antibiotics.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1932-6203

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281660

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281660.g001

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281660.t001

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281660.s001

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281660.s002

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281660.s003

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281660.s004

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281660.s005

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281660.r001

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281660.r002

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281660.r003

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281660.r004

Language: English

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Publication Date: 2023

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2267670-3

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Comparative Effectiveness of Moderna, Pfizer-BioNTech, and Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) Vaccines in Preventing COVID-19 Hospitalizations Among Adults Without Immunocompromising Conditions — United States, March–August 2021

Self, Wesley H. ; Tenforde, Mark W. ; Rhoads, Jillian P. ; [et al.]

Centers for Disease Control MMWR Office ; 2021

In: MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Vol. 70, No. 38 ( 2021-09-24), p. 1337-1343

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In: MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Centers for Disease Control MMWR Office, Vol. 70, No. 38 ( 2021-09-24), p. 1337-1343

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0149-2195 , 1545-861X

URL: Article

DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7038e1

Language: English

Publisher: Centers for Disease Control MMWR Office

Publication Date: 2021

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2067586-0

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Effectiveness of mRNA Vaccines Against COVID-19 Hospitalization by Age and Chronic Medical Conditions Burden Among Immunocompetent US Adults, March-August 2021

Lewis, Nathaniel M ; Naioti, Eric A ; Self, Wesley H ; [et al.]

Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022

In: The Journal of Infectious Diseases Vol. 225, No. 10 ( 2022-05-16), p. 1694-1700

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In: The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 225, No. 10 ( 2022-05-16), p. 1694-1700

Abstract: Vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19 hospitalization was evaluated among immunocompetent adults (≥18 years) during March–August 2021 using a case-control design. Among 1669 hospitalized COVID-19 cases (11% fully vaccinated) and 1950 RT-PCR–negative controls (54% fully vaccinated), VE was 96% (95% confidence interval [CI], 93%–98%) among patients with no chronic medical conditions and 83% (95% CI, 76%–88%) among patients with ≥ 3 categories of conditions. VE was similar between those aged 18–64 years versus ≥65 years (P & gt; .05). VE against severe COVID-19 was very high among adults without chronic conditions and lessened with increasing comorbidity burden.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0022-1899 , 1537-6613

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab619

RVK:

XA 10000

Language: English

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Publication Date: 2022

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473843-0

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Etiology and Impact of Coinfections in Children Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Nolan, Vikki G ; Arnold, Sandra R ; Bramley, Anna M ; [et al.]

Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2018

In: The Journal of Infectious Diseases Vol. 218, No. 2 ( 2018-06-20), p. 179-188

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In: The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 218, No. 2 ( 2018-06-20), p. 179-188

Abstract: Recognition that coinfections are common in children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is increasing, but gaps remain in our understanding of their frequency and importance. Methods We analyzed data from 2219 children hospitalized with CAP and compared demographic and clinical characteristics and outcomes between groups with viruses alone, bacteria alone, or coinfections. We also assessed the frequency of selected pairings of codetected pathogens and their clinical characteristics. Results A total of 576 children (26%) had a coinfection. Children with only virus detected were younger, more likely to be black, and more likely to have comorbidities such as asthma, compared with children infected with typical bacteria alone. Children with virus-bacterium coinfections had a higher frequency of leukocytosis, consolidation on chest radiography, parapneumonic effusions, intensive care unit admission, and need for mechanical ventilation and an increased length of stay, compared with children infected with viruses alone. Virus-virus coinfections were generally comparable to single-virus infections, with the exception of the need for oxygen supplementation, which was higher during the first 24 hours of hospitalization in some virus-virus pairings. Conclusions Coinfections occurred in 26% of children hospitalized for CAP. Children with typical bacterial infections, alone or complicated by a viral infection, have worse outcomes than children infected with a virus alone.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0022-1899 , 1537-6613

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix641

RVK:

XA 10000

Language: English

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Publication Date: 2018

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473843-0

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Sustained Effectiveness of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna Vaccines Against COVID-19 Associated Hospitalizations Among Adults — United States, March–July 2021

Tenforde, Mark W. ; Self, Wesley H. ; Naioti, Eric A. ; [et al.]

Centers for Disease Control MMWR Office ; 2021

In: MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Vol. 70, No. 34 ( 2021-08-27), p. 1156-1162

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In: MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Centers for Disease Control MMWR Office, Vol. 70, No. 34 ( 2021-08-27), p. 1156-1162

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0149-2195 , 1545-861X

URL: Article

DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7034e2

Language: English

Publisher: Centers for Disease Control MMWR Office

Publication Date: 2021

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2067586-0

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