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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2022
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 119, No. 22 ( 2022-05-31)
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 119, No. 22 ( 2022-05-31)
    Abstract: Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment ( n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111091119
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Language Landscape: A digital platform for mapping languages
    Intellect ; 2014
    In:  Book 2.0 Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 2014-10-01), p. 71-89
    Details
    In: Book 2.0, Intellect, Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 2014-10-01), p. 71-89
    Abstract: Language Landscape (LL) is a non-profit organization set up by a group of postgraduate linguistics students in 2011. It comprises of an interactive online map (languagelandscape.org), which is the main focus of this article, and educational outreach projects. The LL Mapping model relies not on representing languages per se, but rather on using instances of language use as data points. This method can be particularly useful for mapping language variation and multilingualism, especially in urban contexts. Through digitization, LL reaches a wide audience of educators, primary and secondary school students, university students, academic researchers, minority and endangered language communities and finally, social media users.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2042-8022 , 2042-8030
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1386/btwo.4.1-2.71_1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Intellect
    Publication Date: 2014
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Lexically driven patterns of contact in alignment systems of languages of the northern Upper Amazon
    Walter de Gruyter GmbH ; 2023
    In:  Open Linguistics Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2023-03-09)
    Details
    In: Open Linguistics, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2023-03-09)
    Abstract: Despite ample attention in the literature for alignment patterns and case frames more generally, we know very little about how these elements of grammar spread from one language to another in a contact situation. Achieving a better understanding of this will help explain areal patterns in alignment and grammatical relation marking. In this contribution, we zoom in on a contact situation in the foothills of North-West Amazon, where languages of the Quechuan and Tukanoan families are in contact, and where previous authors have suggested that grammatical relation marking shows many potential contact effects. We find that, despite the absence of loanwords, abstract lexico-grammatical information associated with individual lexical items may spread from one language to another, especially within the class of sensation predicates. These can be characterized as lexically driven diffusion patterns, without formal borrowing, consistent with an overall characterization of the area’s sociolinguistics as loanword-avoiding.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2300-9969
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1515/opli-2022-0224
    Language: English
    Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2827114-2
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    ¿Es necesario elegir entre la estandarización de las lenguas minoritarias y la vitalidad de sus variedades? Estudio de caso del kichwa de Alto Napo
    Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile ; 2017
    In:  Onomázein Revista de lingüística filología y traducción , No. 3 ( 2017), p. 16-34
    Details
    In: Onomázein Revista de lingüística filología y traducción, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, , No. 3 ( 2017), p. 16-34
    Abstract: El tema central de este artículo es la estandarización del quichua (kichwa) ecuatoriano y la influencia que tiene este proceso en las variedades minoritarias de la lengua habladas en el país. Se analiza, en particular, el caso del “kichwa de Tena”, también denominado “kichwa de Alto Napo” (código ISO 639-3: quw), una variante amazónica del quichua, hablada en la provincia del Napo, en la Amazonía ecuatoriana. A partir de los datos y observaciones recogidas durante un año de trabajo de campo, se describe el efecto de la normativización del kichwa ecuatoriano sobre una de sus variedades no estándares: el kichwa de Tena. El artículo expone los mecanismos que contribuyen al hecho de que la unificación del kichwa cause una creciente atrición de las variantes locales, en vez de fomentarlas. La interrupción de la transmisión intergeneracional del kichwa de Tena se debe no solo a la creciente dominación del español, a la urbanización y a otros procesos de cambio sociopolítico, sino también a la estandarización del propio kichwa. La disparidad en el uso de las variantes del kichwa en las escuelas e instituciones estatales, por un lado, y en la vida diaria de la comunidad, por el otro, acelera el abandono de la lengua. Asimismo, las políticas lingüísticas que implementan las autoridades locales y estatales no responden a las necesida-des de la población local y contribuyen a la creciente marginalización de los dialectos locales.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    URL: Issue
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.7764/onomazein.amerindias
    DOI: 10.7764/onomazein
    DOI: 10.7764/onomazein.amerindias.02
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    The role of pragmatics in the definition of evidentiality
    Walter de Gruyter GmbH ; 2023
    In:  STUF - Language Typology and Universals Vol. 76, No. 1 ( 2023-04-25), p. 1-30
    Details
    In: STUF - Language Typology and Universals, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Vol. 76, No. 1 ( 2023-04-25), p. 1-30
    Abstract: This paper argues that a definition of evidentiality as a linguistic notion should be based on the pragmatic properties of evidential forms and their distribution in spoken discourse. The prevailing definition of evidentiality as signaling “information source” is based on the idea that evidentials encode a solitary speaker’s perception and cognitive processes, but this definition does not fit well with observations regarding the use and distribution of evidentials. A definition of evidentiality in terms of “information source” has largely disregarded evidentials in-use, which is especially true for typologically oriented studies of evidentiality. Recent descriptions of evidentials and evidential systems have shown that evidentials encode meanings related to ownership of knowledge, rather than information source and it is evident from such descriptions that social and interactional parameters are encoded in evidential forms. The attested semantic and pragmatic complexity of evidential systems constitutes an analytical challenge that the present paper aims to address.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1867-8319 , 2196-7148
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1515/stuf-2023-2004
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    RVK:
    EQ 5800
    RVK:
    ER 715
    Language: English
    Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2244789-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1149842-0
    SSG: 7,11
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    The Effect of Er:YAG Laser on a Shear Bond Strength Value of Orthodontic Brackets to Enamel—A Preliminary Study
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Materials Vol. 14, No. 9 ( 2021-04-21), p. 2093-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 9 ( 2021-04-21), p. 2093-
    Abstract: We sought to evaluate the effects of Er:YAG laser (LightTouch, LightInstruments, Israel) conditioning on enamel roughness and shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets on enamel. Eighteen human molars (n = 9) and premolars (n = 9), were divided into 3 groups depending on the enamel conditioning method; Er:YAG laser (G1, n = 6), conventional etching with 37% orthophosphoric acid (G2, n = 6), Er:YAG laser combined with conventional etching (G3, n = 6). Er:YAG laser parameters were as follows: energy: 100 mJ, frequency: 10 Hz, exposure time: 10 s, applicator diameter: 600 μm, fluence: 35.37 J/cm2, distance: 1 mm away from a tooth, cooling: 80%. An MTS 858 MiniBionix® machine was used to determine the shear bond strength (MTS System, Eden Prairie, MN, USA). The enamel structure was assessed using X-ray microtomography (SkyScan 1172, Bruker, Kontich, Belgium). The highest values of shear bond strength were obtained in the G3 group (9.23 ± 2.38 MPa) and the lowest values in the G2 group (6.44 ± 2.11 MPa) (p 〈 0.05). A significant change in the enamel surface was noted after applying laser, reaching up to 9% of enamel thickness, which was not observed in the etched samples. Moreover, the Er:YAG laser-irradiated enamel surface was characterized by the greatest roughness. The combined use of an Er:YAG laser with a conventional etching improves the adhesion of composite materials to the tooth.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma14092093
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    In COVID-19 Health Messaging, Loss Framing Increases Anxiety with Little-to-No Concomitant Benefits: Experimental Evidence from 84 Countries
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Affective Science Vol. 3, No. 3 ( 2022-09), p. 577-602
    Details
    In: Affective Science, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 3, No. 3 ( 2022-09), p. 577-602
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2662-2041 , 2662-205X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s42761-022-00128-3
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2978299-5
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Fieldwork on epistemic authority markers: What we can learn from different types of data
    Walter de Gruyter GmbH ; 2020
    In:  Folia Linguistica Vol. 54, No. 2 ( 2020-09-25), p. 405-445
    Details
    In: Folia Linguistica, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Vol. 54, No. 2 ( 2020-09-25), p. 405-445
    Abstract: Epistemicity in language encompasses various kinds of constructions and expressions that have to do with knowledge-related aspects of linguistic meaning (cf. Grzech, Karolina, Eva Schultze-Berndt and Henrik Bergqvist. 2020c. Knowing in interaction: an introduction. Folia Linguistica [this issue]). It includes some well-established categories, such as evidentiality and epistemic modality (Boye, Kasper. 2012. Epistemic meaning: A crosslinguistic and functional-cognitive study . Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton), but also categories that have been less well described to-date. In this paper, I focus on one such category: the marking of epistemic authority, i.e. the encoding of “the right to know or claim” (Stivers, Tanya, Lorenza Mondada & Jakob Steensig. 2011b. Knowledge, morality and affiliation in social interaction. In Stivers et al. 2011a). I explore how the marking of epistemic authority can be documented and analysed in the context of linguistic fieldwork. The discussion is based on a case study of Upper Napo Kichwa, a Quechuan language spoken in the Ecuadorian Amazon that exhibits a rich paradigm of epistemic discourse markers, encoding meanings related to epistemic authority and distribution of knowledge between discourse participants. I describe and appraise the methodology for epistemic fieldwork used in the Upper Napo Kichwa documentation and description project. I give a detailed account of the different tools and methods of data collection, showing their strengths and weaknesses. I also discuss the decisions made at the different stages of the project and their implications for data collection and analysis. In discussing these issues, I extrapolate from the case study, proposing practical solutions for fieldwork-based research on epistemic markers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1614-7308 , 0165-4004
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1515/flin-2020-2046
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2202459-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2039-4
    SSG: 7,11
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Autoridad epistémica y atenuación en Tena Kichwa: Análisis de enclítico =cha basado en el corpus
    Universitat de Valencia ; 2017
    In:  Normas Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2017-12-20), p. 48-
    Details
    In: Normas, Universitat de Valencia, Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2017-12-20), p. 48-
    Abstract: Este artículo se enfoca en la relación entre atenuación y falta de autoridad epistémica. Los datos analizados en el artículo provienen de tena kichwa, una lengua quechua en peligro de extinción, hablada en la Amazonia Ecuatoriana. La lengua posee un paradigma de marcadores que son cognados de los marcadores evidenciales en otras lenguas quechuas, pero que en tena kichwa se relacionan con la autoridad epistémica:  ‘el derecho del hablante a saber o sostener algo’ (Stivers et al. 2011).El artículo describe la semántica de los dos marcadores de autoridad epistémica en tena kichwa: =mi y =cha. Se concentra sobre todo en los efectos de atenuación que se pueden lograr a través del uso de =cha. Propone que el marcador, que codifica ‘la falta de autoridad epistémica del hablante’, puede tener un sutil efecto atenuativo, ya que ‘distancia al hablante de la elocución’ y ‘reduce la fuerza comunicativa de la oración (Briz y Albelda 2013). Destaca que este efecto atenuador no consiste en reducir el compromiso del hablante con la veracidad de la aseveración. Por lo mismo, el análisis atenuativo de =cha en tena kichwa abre preguntas teóricas interesantes en cuanto a lo que se puede considerar una estrategia de atenuación en el discurso.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2174-7245
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.7203/Normas.v7i2.11167
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Universitat de Valencia
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2637755-X
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Knowing in interaction: An introduction
    Walter de Gruyter GmbH ; 2020
    In:  Folia Linguistica Vol. 54, No. 2 ( 2020-09-25), p. 281-315
    Details
    In: Folia Linguistica, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Vol. 54, No. 2 ( 2020-09-25), p. 281-315
    Abstract: This article provides an introduction for the collection of methodologically oriented papers comprising this Special Issue. We define the concept of epistemicity as used in descriptive linguistics and discuss notions related to it – some well-established, some more recent – such as evidentiality, egophoricity, epistemic authority and engagement. We give a preliminary overview of the different types of epistemic marking attested in the languages of the world and discuss the recent developments in the field of epistemic research focussing on methodologies for investigating epistemic marking. In the second part of the paper, we focus on the more practical side of epistemic fieldwork; the types of data that can be used in documenting linguistic expressions of epistemicity and best practices for data collection. We discuss the experimental methods that are used in the description of epistemic systems, both those developed for this particular purpose and those adapted from other types of linguistic research. We provide a critical evaluation of those materials and stimuli and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, we introduce the contributions to the Special Issue, discussing the languages studied by the authors of the contributions and the fieldwork methods they used in their research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1614-7308 , 0165-4004
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1515/flin-2020-2041
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2202459-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2039-4
    SSG: 7,11
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