Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

In: Tissue Engineering Part A, Mary Ann Liebert Inc, Vol. 20, No. 19-20 ( 2014-10), p. 2590-2603

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1937-3341 , 1937-335X

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0399

Language: English

Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc

Publication Date: 2014

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2401807-7

In: Blood, American Society of Hematology, Vol. 138, No. Supplement 1 ( 2021-11-05), p. 3410-3410

Abstract: Background: Relapsed (REL) & refractory (REF) r/r AML pts unsuitable for intensive therapy (IT) due to age or co-morbidities, have limited treatment options. Low-dose cytarabine (LDAC) demonstrated limited survival benefit (mOS ≤6 months), highlighting the significant unmet need for new treatments in this patient population. Bemcentinib (BEM) is an orally bioavailable, highly selective AXL-inhibitor. AXL is a receptor tyrosine kinase conferring poor prognosis, resistance to chemotherapy and decreased antitumor immune response. AXL is overexpressed on leukemic cells, especially in the stem cell compartment, thus representing an important novel target in AML. Aims: The ongoing BGBC003 PhII trial cohorts receiving BEM+LDAC (B+L) include newly diagnosed (ND) and r/r AML pts unfit for IT. Based on the initial efficacy signal observed, the r/r AML patient sub-group was selected for an expansion cohort, to further explore safety and efficacy and to pursue translational biomarker analysis. Here, we present preliminary efficacy data in r/r pts, with a safety overview for all pts treated with B+L. We additionally include translational plasma biomarker and multiomics data from bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC). Methods: Pts received the combination of BEM at the RP2D (200mg PO/d) and LDAC SoC schedule. Efficacy endpoints were objective response (OR) and clinical benefit (OR+unchanged [UC]+stable disease [SD=UC for at least 3 BEM cycles] ). Secondary objectives looked at overall survival (OS) and exploratory biomarker analyses. Longitudinal BMMNC samples (n=36) from 15 patients were subjected to scRNA-seq and CiteSeq (Chromium 10x genomics; TotalSeq, Biolegend). For scRNA-seq data analyses, Cell Ranger (v3.1.0) and the Seurat (v.4.0.1) in R (v.4.0) were used. Pts were stratified by best response: CR, CRi, PR for Responders; SD, UC, PD for Non-Responders. Cell type annotations were based on the identified clusters and inferred from the expression of known markers at both RNA and protein level. Results: As of 15 July 2021, the B+L cohorts comprised 27 r/r (20 REL, 7 REF) AML pts. Median prior lines of therapy: 1 [1-8] in REL, 3 [1-4] in REF. Median age: 75.5yrs [66-86] for REL, 75yrs [71-81] for REF. Adverse cytogenetic risk profile: 6/18 (33%) in REL; 2/7 (29%) in REF. 17/20 REL pts were evaluable for efficacy (BM assessment post-baseline). 4/17 (24%) achieved remission (4 CR/CRi) between wk13(C5)-wk19(C7); 4 pts had SD, 6 pts were UC; observed clinical benefit rate was 82%. Late onset responses may reflect immunological mechanism of action targeting AXL + innate immune cells in REL pts and may also contribute to a longer time-on-treatment (ToT) and survival. Median ToT was 36.9 wks for CR/CRi pts; mDOR 33wks [12.0-69.9]; 4 pts remain on treatment. Median OS currently 13.3 months (historical controls suggest 4.5 months mOS in this population) continues to mature. In contrast, REF pts showed no response (0/7), with 4/7 (57%) demonstrating clinical benefit; mToT 12.0wks for benefitting patients and mOS 5.3 months; no pts ongoing on treatment. Overall, the safety of B+L (compared with previously published BEM monotherapy) is comparable with the known safety profile of LDAC. TRAEs of ≥G3 observed in ≥10% of pts were anaemia (21% B+L; 4% BEM), and ECG QT prolonged (12% B+L; 7% BEM). No G5 TRAEs reported. scRNA and multiomic analysis of longitudinal samples reflect differences in the immune compartment, underscoring the clinical impression of an immune-mediated MOA associated with response to BEM. CD8+ effector T-cells of responding patients demonstrated enhanced pro-inflammatory signatures involving TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma as compared with non-responders. Furthermore, increased activation of B plasma cells was observed in correlation with response to BEM confirming that BEM mediates an anti-AML immune response through activation of the two major adaptive immune cell populations. Conclusion: B+L is well tolerated and offers promising survival benefit to older unfit REL AML patients. Translational research including scRNA and multiomics, identified specific activation of CD8+ T cells and B plasma cells associated with response to treatment, indicating that BEM elicits activation of the two major adaptive immune cell populations responsible for anti-AML immune responses. B+L warrants evaluation in a randomized pivotal trial in this population. Disclosures Loges: BerGenBio ASA: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; BMS: Research Funding; Eli Lilly: Research Funding; Roche Pharma: Research Funding; ADC Therapeutics: Research Funding; BMS: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Boehringer Ingelheim: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Eli Lilly: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Roche Pharma: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Medac GmbH and Sanofi Aventis: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; AstraZeneca: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Bayer: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. Heuser: Astellas: Research Funding; Jazz: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Pfizer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Karyopharm: Research Funding; Daiichi Sankyo: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Bayer Pharma AG: Research Funding; AbbVie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; BergenBio: Research Funding; BMS/Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Tolremo: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Kapp-Schwoerer: BerGenBio ASA: Research Funding. Lemoli: Celgene: Other: Support for attending meetings and/or travel; Jazz, Janssen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; AbbVie, Daiichi Sankyo, Servier: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. Ben Batalla: BerGenBio ASA: Research Funding. Hellesøy: BerGenBio ASA: Research Funding. Rayford: BerGenBio ASA: Current Employment. Nautiyal: BerGenBio ASA: Current Employment. Berkman-Gottlieb: BerGenBio ASA: Consultancy, Ended employment in the past 24 months. Micklem: BerGenBio ASA: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Gabra: BerGenBio ASA: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Gorcea-Carson: BerGenBio ASA: Current Employment. Lorens: BerGenBio ASA: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Ended employment in the past 24 months, Patents & Royalties. Fiedler: Servier: Consultancy, Other: support for meeting attendance; Amgen: Consultancy, Other: support for meeting attendance, Patents & Royalties, Research Funding; ARIAD/Incyte: Consultancy; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy, Other: support for meeting attendance; Stemline: Consultancy; Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Other: support for meeting attendance; Novartis: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy; Morphosys: Consultancy. Alvarado: Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; BerGenBio: Research Funding; Daiichi-Sankyo: Research Funding; FibroGen: Research Funding; CytomX Therapeutics: Consultancy; Astex Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; MEI Pharma: Research Funding; Sun Pharma: Consultancy, Research Funding. Gjertsen: BerGenBio: Consultancy; Pfizer Inc.: Consultancy; Alden Cancer Therapy: Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company; KinN Therapeutics: Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company; Novartis: Consultancy.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0006-4971 , 1528-0020

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1182/blood-2021-147225

Language: English

Publisher: American Society of Hematology

Publication Date: 2021

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468538-3

detail.hit.zdb_id: 80069-7

In: Molecular Biology of the Cell, American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB), Vol. 26, No. 14 ( 2015-07-05), p. 2698-2711

Abstract: The formation of new blood vessels by sprouting angiogenesis is tightly regulated by contextual cues that affect angiogeneic growth factor signaling. Both constitutive activation and loss of Akt kinase activity in endothelial cells impair angiogenesis, suggesting that Akt dynamics mediates contextual microenvironmental regulation. We explored the temporal regulation of Akt in endothelial cells during formation of capillary-like networks induced by cell–cell contact with vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) and vSMC-associated VEGF. Expression of constitutively active Akt1 strongly inhibited network formation, whereas hemiphosphorylated Akt1 epi-alleles with reduced kinase activity had an intermediate inhibitory effect. Conversely, inhibition of Akt signaling did not affect endothelial cell migration or morphogenesis in vSMC cocultures that generate capillary-like structures. We found that endothelial Akt activity is transiently blocked by proteasomal degradation in the presence of SMCs during the initial phase of capillary-like structure formation. Suppressed Akt activity corresponded to the increased endothelial MAP kinase signaling that was required for angiogenic endothelial morphogenesis. These results reveal a regulatory principle by which cellular context regulates Akt protein dynamics, which determines MAP kinase signaling thresholds necessary drive a morphogenetic program during angiogenesis.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1059-1524 , 1939-4586

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1091/mbc.E14-09-1378

Language: English

Publisher: American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB)

Publication Date: 2015

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474922-1

SSG: 12

In: Cytometry Part A, Wiley, Vol. 95, No. 7 ( 2019-07), p. 792-796

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1552-4922 , 1552-4930

URL: Issue

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.v95.7

DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23751

Language: English

Publisher: Wiley

Publication Date: 2019

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2180639-1

SSG: 12

In: Molecular Oncology, Wiley, Vol. 15, No. 9 ( 2021-09), p. 2285-2299

Abstract: Incidence, molecular presentation and outcome of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) are influenced by sex, but little attention has been directed at untangling sex‐related molecular and phenotypic differences between female and male patients. While increased incidence and poor risk are generally associated with a male phenotype, the poor prognostic FLT3 internal tandem duplication ( FLT3 ‐ITD) mutation and co‐mutations with NPM1 and DNMT3A are overrepresented in female AML. Here, we have investigated the relationship between sex and FLT3 ‐ITD mutation status by comparing clinical data, mutational profiles, gene expression and ex vivo drug sensitivity in four cohorts: Beat AML, LAML‐TCGA and two independent HOVON/SAKK cohorts, comprising 1755 AML patients in total. We found prevalent sex‐associated molecular differences. Co‐occurrence of FLT3 ‐ITD, NPM1 and DNMT3A mutations was overrepresented in females, while males with FLT3 ‐ITDs were characterized by additional mutations in RNA splicing and epigenetic modifier genes. We observed diverging expression of multiple leukaemia‐associated genes as well as discrepant ex vivo drug responses, suggestive of discrete functional properties. Importantly, significant prognostication was observed only in female FLT3 ‐ITD‐mutated AML. Thus, we suggest optimization of FLT3 ‐ITD mutation status as a clinical tool in a sex‐adjusted manner and hypothesize that prognostication, prediction and development of therapeutic strategies in AML could be improved by including sex‐specific considerations.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1574-7891 , 1878-0261

URL: Issue

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1002/mol2.v15.9

DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13035

Language: English

Publisher: Wiley

Publication Date: 2021

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2322586-5

In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2020-12-09), p. 3699-

Abstract: Purpose: The p53 protein and its post-translational modifications are distinctly expressed in various normal cell types and malignant cells and are usually detected by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry in contemporary diagnostics. Here, we describe an approach for simultaneous multiparameter detection of p53, its post-translational modifications and p53 pathway-related signaling proteins in single cells using mass cytometry. Method: We conjugated p53-specific antibodies to metal tags for detection by mass cytometry, allowing the detection of proteins and their post-translational modifications in single cells. We provide an overview of the antibody validation process using relevant biological controls, including cell lines treated in vitro with a stimulus (irradiation) known to induce changes in the expression level of p53. Finally, we present the potential of the method through investigation of primary samples from leukemia patients with distinct TP53 mutational status. Results: The p53 protein can be detected in cell lines and in primary samples by mass cytometry. By combining antibodies for p53-related signaling proteins with a surface marker panel, we show that mass cytometry can be used to decipher the single cell p53 signaling pathway in heterogeneous patient samples. Conclusion: Single cell profiling by mass cytometry allows the investigation of the p53 functionality through examination of relevant downstream signaling proteins in normal and malignant cells. Our work illustrates a novel approach for single cell profiling of p53.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2072-6694

URL: Article

DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123699

Language: English

Publisher: MDPI AG

Publication Date: 2020

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1

In: Journal of Thoracic Oncology, Elsevier BV, Vol. 15, No. 6 ( 2020-06), p. 973-999

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1556-0864

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2020.01.015

Language: English

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Publication Date: 2020

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2223437-8

In: British Journal of Haematology, Wiley, Vol. 193, No. 2 ( 2021-04), p. 415-419

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0007-1048 , 1365-2141

URL: Issue

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1111/bjh.v193.2

DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17372

Language: English

Publisher: Wiley

Publication Date: 2021

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475751-5

In: Blood, American Society of Hematology, Vol. 128, No. 22 ( 2016-12-02), p. 3995-3995

Abstract: Axl is a receptor tyrosine kinase that has been shown to have a strong oncogenic potential in many cancer types. Overexpression and activation of Axl is found in many cancers, and is linked to increased proliferation, migration/invasion and resistance to apoptosis. Axl overexpression has been shown to be a poor prognostic marker, and recently overexpression of Axl has also been linked to the acquired resistance to chemotherapy and other anticancer therapies in many malignancies, including AML. BGB324 (BerGenBio AS) is a first-in-class highly specific small molecule inhibitor of Axl. BGB324 has been shown to be safe and well tolerated in a clinical safety trial in healthy volunteers at doses up to 1500 mg/day with a predictable PK profile and long plasma half-life, and is currently in a phase 1b clinical trial in patients with refractory/relapsed AML and MDS (BGBC003, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT02488408; Loges S et al. J Clin Oncol 34, 2016 suppl; abstr 2561). 20 AML and 4 MDS patients have been treated at the following dose levels (loading dose/continuation dose): 400/100mg, 600/200mg and 900/300mg. Objective responses were observed in 2/4 MDS patients and 2/20 AML patients including one CR (AML). Enrollment continues to define MTD. The effect of BGB324 on intracellular signaling and the immune profile of leukemic blasts in patients treated in the clinical study was investigated using phospho-flow cytometry. Blasts were identified using surface markers (CD45low, CD66b-, CD38-, and CD117+ and/or CD34+), and the following direct and indirect downstream targets of Axl were explored: phosphorylated (p)-Akt(S473 and T308), pErk(T202/Y204), pp38(T180/Y182), pPLCγ1(Y783), pNFκB(S529), pCREB(S113) and pSTAT1(Y701), 3(Y705), 5(Y694)and 6(Y641). Preliminary analyses of blood samples from six patients show very rapid responses in signaling pathways downstream of Axl (including Akt, Erk, NFκB and PLCγ1) within hours or days of ingestion of the first dose, although the response patterns varies from patient to patient (Figure 1A). Two distinct blast populations were identified: one CD117+/CD34- and one CD117+/CD34+. In most patients the CD117+/CD34- population displayed the most extensive signaling changes during treatment, and this population also decreased during treatment with BGB324. In contrast, the CD117+/CD34+ population expanded during the course of the treatment (Figure 1B). White cell differential counts of peripheral blood from two patients treated with BGB324 for a prolonged period of time (15 weeks or more) showed a decrease in peripheral blast count, and a corresponding increase in granulocyte and monocyte counts, suggesting that Axl inhibition may push the blasts towards differentiation. The clinical trial is ongoing, and the signaling profile of leukemic blasts in blood and bone marrow of treated patients will be further examined by conventional phosphoflow cytometry and mass cytometry searching for signaling profiles with prognostic information. In conclusion, BGB324 has unique pharmacodynamic properties and molecular responses to exposure can be observed in peripheral blood leukemic blasts by phospho-flow cytometry within hours of ingestion of the first treatment dose. Further studies may establish whether single cell signal profiling can discriminate responders from non-responders and provide information about dose-response in a clinically meaningful way. Disclosures Cortes: Astellas: Research Funding; Arog: Research Funding; Teva: Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding; Ariad: Consultancy, Research Funding; Ambit: Research Funding. Heuser:Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Tetralogic: Research Funding; BerGenBio: Research Funding; Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc: Research Funding; Bayer Pharma AG: Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria; Pfizer: Research Funding. Lorens:BerGenBio AS: Employment, Equity Ownership, Research Funding. Gausdal:BerGenBio AS: Employment. Micklem:BerGenBio AS: Employment, Equity Ownership. Gjertsen:BerGenBio AS: Consultancy, Research Funding.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0006-4971 , 1528-0020

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1182/blood.V128.22.3995.3995

Language: English

Publisher: American Society of Hematology

Publication Date: 2016

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468538-3

detail.hit.zdb_id: 80069-7

In: Blood, American Society of Hematology, Vol. 126, No. 23 ( 2015-12-03), p. 4931-4931

Abstract: Axl is a member of the Tyro3, Axl, Mer (TAM) receptor tyrosine kinase family that regulate a wide range of cellular functions, including cell survival, proliferation, migration/invasion and adhesion. Axl has been shown to play a key role in the survival and metastasis of many tumors, and has also been found to be upregulated and constitutively active in human AML. Indeed, Axl has been reported as an independent prognostic marker and a potential novel therapeutic target in AML. BGB324 is a first-in-class highly selective small molecule inhibitor of Axl. BGB324 has been shown to be safe and well tolerated in clinical safety studies in healthy volunteers at doses up to 1500 mg/day with a predictable PK profile and long plasma half-life, and is currently in phase I b clinical trials for AML and non-small cell lung cancer. In this study, we use phosphoflow cytometry to measure changes in signal transduction nodes in single AML cells treated with BGB324. We are applying this approach to monitor signaling profiles in primary AML cells harvested from patients undergoing BGB324 treatment. Results: The human AML cell line MOLM13 was treated in vitro with BGB324 (0.5 and 1µM for 1 hour) and analyzed for signal transduction changes by phosphoflow cytometry. We found a significant reduction in phosphorylation of Axl (pY779), Akt(pS473), Erk1/2(pT202/Y204) and PLCɣ1(pY783). Next we established a systemic MOLM13 preclinical AML model in NOD/SCID mice. The mice were treated with 25 or 50 mg/kg BGB324 until moribund (up to 16 days). We found a dose-dependent and significant increase in overall survival in BGB324-treated mice. We further investigated intracellular signaling in BGB324-treated cells in vivo. Mice carrying systemic AML disease (MOLM13) were treated with BGB324 at 50mg/kg for 4 days, and we monitored CD33/45-positive MOLM13 cells harvested from spleen and bone marrow by flow cytometry. BGB324-treated mice showed a significant reduction in pErk and pPLCɣ1 relative to mice in the control group. PBMCs from peripheral blood of AML patients treated with BGB324 400 mg x1 at day 1 and 2, and thereafter 100 mg daily were collected for single cell signal profiling of signal transduction changes by conventional flow cytometry (phospho-flow) and mass cytometry (CyTOF). Preliminary phopho-flow analyses show decrease of pAkt(T308) and pPLCgamma1(Y783) in one patient. Further analyses are ongoing and will be presented. Figure 1. In vitro response to 1 hour BGB324 treatment in human AML cell line MOLM13 at 0.5 and 1µM doses. Response was evaluated in pAxl, pErk1/2, pAkt and pPLCγ1. n=3, *p≤0.05, **p≤0.005. Figure 1. In vitro response to 1 hour BGB324 treatment in human AML cell line MOLM13 at 0.5 and 1µM doses. Response was evaluated in pAxl, pErk1/2, pAkt and pPLCγ1. n=3, *p≤0.05, **p≤0.005. Figure 2. Dose-dependent response in overall survival in a MOLM13 systemic xenograft model (n=10). Figure 2. Dose-dependent response in overall survival in a MOLM13 systemic xenograft model (n=10). Figure 3. Response to BGB324-treatment in pErk, pPLCγ1 and pAkt in CD33/CD45-positive cells harvested from spleens (left) and bone marrows (right) of mice with systemic MOLM13 xenografts. n=5, *p≤0.05, **p≤0.005. Figure 3. Response to BGB324-treatment in pErk, pPLCγ1 and pAkt in CD33/CD45-positive cells harvested from spleens (left) and bone marrows (right) of mice with systemic MOLM13 xenografts. n=5, *p≤0.05, **p≤0.005. Disclosures Hellesøy: BerGenBio AS: Other: Previous employee. Stock option holder. Wnuk-Lipinska:BerGenBio AS: Employment. Boniecka:BerGenBio AS: Employment. Nævdal:BerGenBio AS: Employment. Loges:BerGenBio: Honoraria, Other: travel support, Research Funding. Cortes:Teva: Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding; BerGenBio AS: Research Funding; Ariad: Consultancy, Research Funding; Astellas: Consultancy, Research Funding; Ambit: Consultancy, Research Funding; Arog: Research Funding; Celator: Research Funding; Jenssen: Consultancy. Lorens:BerGenBio AS: Employment, Equity Ownership. Micklem:BerGenBio AS: Employment, Equity Ownership. Gausdal:BerGenBio AS: Employment. Gjertsen:Haukeland University Hospital: Research Funding.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0006-4971 , 1528-0020

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1182/blood.V126.23.4931.4931

Language: English

Publisher: American Society of Hematology

Publication Date: 2015

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468538-3

detail.hit.zdb_id: 80069-7