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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Medication adherence and cognitive performance in schizophrenia-spectrum and bipolar disorder: results from the PsyCourse Study
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Translational Psychiatry Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2023-03-25)
    Details
    In: Translational Psychiatry, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2023-03-25)
    Abstract: Existing guidelines recommend psychopharmacological treatment for the management of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder as part of holistic treatment concepts. About half of the patients do not take their medication regularly, although treatment adherence can prevent exacerbations and re-hospitalizations. To date, the relationship between medication adherence and cognitive performance is understudied. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between medication adherence and cognitive performance by analyzing the data of 862 participants with schizophrenia-spectrum and bipolar disorders (mean [SD] age, 41.9 [12.48] years; 44.8% female) from a multicenter study (PsyCourse Study). Z-scores for three cognitive domains were calculated, global functioning was measured with the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale, and adherence was assessed by a self-rating questionnaire. We evaluated four multiple linear regression models and built three clusters with hierarchical cluster analyses. Higher adherence behavior ( p   〈  0.001) was associated with better global functioning but showed no impact on the cognitive domains learning and memory , executive function , and psychomotor speed . The hierarchical cluster analysis resulted in three clusters with different cognitive performances, but patients in all clusters showed similar adherence behavior. The study identified cognitive subgroups independent of diagnoses, but no differences were found in the adherence behavior of the patients in these new clusters. In summary, medication adherence was associated with global but not cognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia-spectrum and bipolar disorders. In both diagnostic groups, cognitive function might be influenced by various factors but not medication adherence.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2158-3188
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02373-x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2609311-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Phantom study on surgical performance in augmented reality laparoscopy
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery Vol. 18, No. 8 ( 2022-12-22), p. 1345-1354
    Details
    In: International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 18, No. 8 ( 2022-12-22), p. 1345-1354
    Abstract: Only a few studies have evaluated Augmented Reality (AR) in in vivo simulations compared to traditional laparoscopy; further research is especially needed regarding the most effective AR visualization technique. This pilot study aims to determine, under controlled conditions on a 3D-printed phantom, whether an AR laparoscope improves surgical outcomes over conventional laparoscopy without augmentation. Methods We selected six surgical residents at a similar level of training and had them perform a laparoscopic task. The participants repeated the experiment three times, using different 3D phantoms and visualizations: Floating AR , Occlusion AR , and without any AR visualization ( Control ). Surgical performance was determined using objective measurements. Subjective measures, such as task load and potential application areas, were collected with questionnaires. Results Differences in operative time, total touching time, and SurgTLX scores showed no statistical significance ( $$p 〉 0.05$$ p 〉 0.05 ). However, when assessing the invasiveness of the simulated intervention, the comparison revealed a statistically significant difference ( $$p=0.009$$ p = 0.009 ). Participants felt AR could be useful for various surgeries, especially for liver, sigmoid, and pancreatic resections (100%). Almost all participants agreed that AR could potentially lead to improved surgical parameters, such as operative time (83%), complication rate (83%), and identifying risk structures (83%). Conclusion According to our results, AR may have great potential in visceral surgery and based on the objective measures of the study, may improve surgeons' performance in terms of an atraumatic approach. In this pilot study, participants consistently took more time to complete the task, had more contact with the vascular tree, were significantly more invasive, and scored higher on the SurgTLX survey than with AR.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1861-6429
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s11548-022-02809-7
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2235881-X
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Believing processes around COVID-19 vaccination: An exploratory study investigating workers in the health sector
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Psychiatry Vol. 13 ( 2022-9-21)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Psychiatry, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-9-21)
    Abstract: The processes underlying believing have been labeled “creditions”, which are important brain functions between emotion and cognition. Creditions are influenced by both internal and external factors, one of which is the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the vaccination against the disease. Methods To investigate believing processes shortly before the implementation of a mandatory vaccination in Austria, both vaccinated and unvaccinated workers in the health sector (WHS) were surveyed in December 2021/January 2022. In total, 1,062 vaccinated and 97 unvaccinated WHS (920 females) completed the online survey. Beliefs were assessed using the parameters of the credition model (narrative, certainty, emotion, and mightiness) with regard to ( 1 ) the COVID-19 pandemic in general, and ( 2 ) the vaccination. Type of emotion and narrative were divided into positive, negative, and indifferent. Moreover, the congruence between emotion and narrative was calculated. Results The vaccination rate of the sample was 91.6%, with a significantly higher percentage of men being in the group of vaccinated (21.1%) as compared to unvaccinated individuals (12.4%). Pertaining beliefs about the COVID-19 vaccination, unvaccinated WHS reported more negative and less positive emotions as well as content of narrative than vaccinated WHS. In addition, they showed higher levels of certainty as well as mightiness while believing and felt less sufficiently informed about governmental and workplace-related COVID-19 measures. The groups did not differ in the type of emotion or content of narrative in their beliefs about the pandemic in general. Conclusion In conclusion, unvaccinated WHS had more negative and less positive emotions and thoughts than vaccinated WHS in their beliefs about the COVID-19 vaccination and their motivations for not having received it. They were more certain about their beliefs and felt stronger negative emotions in their beliefs compared to vaccinated individuals. Providing unvaccinated WHS with adequate information might be helpful in reducing their mental burden.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-0640
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.993323
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2564218-2
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Table_1.DOCX
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Psychiatry Vol. 12 ( 2022-1-20)
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    In: Frontiers in Psychiatry, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2022-1-20)
    Abstract: According to the World Health Organization, medication adherence is defined as the extent to which a person's behavior corresponds with an agreed recommendation from a healthcare provider. Approximately 50% of patients do not take their medication as prescribed, and non-adherence can contribute to the progress of a disease. For patients suffering from mental diseases non-adherence plays an important role. Various factors have been proposed as contributing to non-adherence, however the literature remains heterogeneous dependent on the analyzed patient subgroups. This study comprehensively evaluates the association of sociodemographic, clinical, personality and quality of life related factors with medication adherence by analyzing data from the PsyCourse study. The PsyCourse study is a large and cross-diagnostic cohort of psychiatric patients from the affective-to-psychotic spectrum. Methods The study sample comprised 1,062 patients from the PsyCourse study with various psychiatric diagnoses (mean [SD] age, 42.82 [12.98] years; 47.4% female). Data were analyzed to identify specific factors associated with medication adherence, and adherence was measured by a self-rating questionnaire. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated by a logistic regression for binary outcomes. Missing data were imputed using multiple imputation. Results The following factors showed the strongest association with medication adherence: never having used illicit drugs (OR, 0.71), number of prescribed antipsychotics (OR, 1.40), the personality trait conscientiousness (OR, 1.26), and the environmental domain of quality of life (OR, 1.09). Conclusion In a large and cross-diagnostic sample, we could show that a higher level of conscientiousness, a higher number of antipsychotic medication, a better quality of life within the environmental domain, and the absence of substance abuse contribute to a better medication adherence independent of the underlying disorder.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-0640
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.713060
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.713060.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2564218-2
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