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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2013
    In:  Annals of Botany Vol. 112, No. 3 ( 2013-8), p. 623-631
    In: Annals of Botany, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 112, No. 3 ( 2013-8), p. 623-631
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-8290 , 0305-7364
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461328-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    CSIRO Publishing ; 2002
    In:  Functional Plant Biology Vol. 29, No. 6 ( 2002), p. 741-
    In: Functional Plant Biology, CSIRO Publishing, Vol. 29, No. 6 ( 2002), p. 741-
    Abstract: This paper originates from a presentation at the IIIrd International Congress on Crassulacean Acid Metabolism, Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia, August 2001. The C3-crassulacean acid metabolism tropical hemiepiphytic tree, Clusia minor L., is highly flexible in terms of ecological sites occupied, life forms, and photosynthetic and metabolic pathways. We studied nitrogen uptake patterns in two glasshouse 15N-labelling experiments using hydroponically-grown plants and excised roots of pot-grown C. minor, and investigated leaf and root nitrate reductase activity (NRA) in a field study in Venezuela. The results of both 15N-uptake experiments indicate that C. minor utilized all offered nitrogen sources, but clearly preferred to take up NH4+ over glycine (GLY) and NO3-. The uptake pattern of NH4+ and NO3- was identical in intact plants and excised roots, and NH4+ was taken up to a much larger extent in both experiments. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of amino acids in excised roots revealed that glutamine (45 atom-%), glutamate (23 atom-%) and alanine (34 atom-%) accounted for most of the labelled soluble amino acids after 2-h labelling with 15NH4+. High amounts of 15N in GLY and serine confirmed that GLY was taken up as an intact molecule and metabolized in the excised roots. With 15NO3- labelling, only a small amount of 15N was found in the amino acid fraction, indicating a low NO3- assimilation rate by nitrate reductase. This was confirmed by low NRA of leaves and roots in C. minor plants in Venezuela. It appears, therefore, that a high degree of plasticity is not reflected in nitrogen uptake and metabolism. Although C. minor exhibits clear preferences for NH4+ uptake, it can utilize other sources of nitrogen, and the nitrogen uptake pattern represents an adaptation to the natural environments in which C. minor can grow.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1445-4408
    Language: English
    Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
    Publication Date: 2002
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    In: Science of The Total Environment, Elsevier BV, Vol. 872 ( 2023-05), p. 162167-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0048-9697
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498726-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 121506-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Alpine Botany Vol. 133, No. 1 ( 2023-04), p. 63-67
    In: Alpine Botany, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 133, No. 1 ( 2023-04), p. 63-67
    Abstract: In their 2013 paper, Lenz et al. illustrated how trees growing at the low-temperature limit respond to a chronic in situ warming or cooling by 3 K, by employing Peltier-thermostated branch collars that tracked ambient temperatures. The micro-coring-based analysis of seasonal tree ring formation included double-staining microtome cross sections for lignification, but these data had not been included in the publication. In this short communication, we complement these data, collected in 2009 at the Swiss treeline, and we show that a 3 K cooling that corresponds to a 500–600 m higher elevation, had no influence on lignification. However, when a frost event occurred during the early part of ring formation, the 3 K cooling produced a blue (non-lignified) layer of cells, followed by normally lignified cells for the rest of the season. Hence, the event did not affect the cambium, but interrupted cell wall maturation in cells that were in a critical developmental stage. We conclude, that chronic cooling does not affect lignification at treeline, but it increases the risk of frost damage in premature xylem tissue.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-2201 , 1664-221X
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2600962-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2020-10-05), p. 1312-
    Abstract: Recommendations for near-natural plant growth under indoor conditions have been described without considering environmental fluctuations, which might have important consequences for researchers and plant producers when comparing results from indoor facilities with natural ecosystems or production. Previous authors proposed that differences in temperature, light quantity, and the lack of their variation are sources of deviations between indoor and outdoor experiments. Here, we investigated the effect of fluctuating light, temperature, and humidity in an indoor environment on plant performance. Seven plant species from different functional plant types were grown outdoors during summer and spring. The same species were then grown in indoor growth chambers under different scenarios of climate complexity in terms of fluctuations of temperature, air humidity, and light: (1) fixed night and day conditions, (2) daily sinusoidal changes, and (3) variable conditions tracking the climate records from the field trials. In each scenario, the average of the environmental variables was the same as in the respective field trial. Productivity-, gas exchange-, and leaf pigment-traits were measured in all plants at the end of the experiments. The plant trait responses were highly dependent on species and treatment, but general trends were observed. The variable condition yielded lower biomass compared to the fixed and sinusoidal conditions, together with a higher specific leaf area and increased chlorophyll concentrations. A principal component analysis (PCA) across all plant traits in response to climatic conditions suggested that at least a sinusoidal fluctuation is recommended for a more natural-like plant performance in indoor growth facilities. However, prevailing significant differences for several traits between field- and indoor-grown plants even under variable climates indicate that additional factors other than those controllable in standard phytotrons (e.g., wind speed and direction, leaf and soil temperature) can still significantly bias plant performance in indoor facilities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 6
    In: Journal of Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 107, No. 1 ( 2019-01), p. 334-349
    Abstract: Es wird erwartet, dass Wälder der gemässigten Klimazone in Zukunft immer häufiger mit immer intensiveren Sommerdürren und Hitzewellen konfrontiert sein werden. Während vorausgegangene Studien klar die hohe Trockenheitsempfindlichkeit verschiedener temperater Baumarten gezeigt haben, ist es weiterhin unklar wie sich starke Trockenheit auf die physiologischen Prozesse der Bäume auswirkt. Im Sommer 2015 erfasste eine Hitze‐ und Dürrewelle Mitteleuropa, wie sie nur selten zuvor aufgetreten war, und die mit der Hitzewelle in 2003 zu vergleichen ist. Während dieser Trockenheitsperiode und im vorausgegangenen und nachfolgenden Jahr haben wir das Stammwachstum, den Stammwasserfluss, die Wasserverfügbarkeit in den Kronen, und Kohlenhydratreserven in Blättern und Ästen von sechs mitteleuropäischen Baumarten gemessen. Das Ziel unserer Studie war es zu erfassen, wie die erwachsenen Bäume auf die Trockenheit in 2015 reagierten und wie anfällig sie gegen Xylem Embolien und Erschöpfung der Kohlenhydratreserven während einer solchen Trockenheit sind. Die Ergebnisse unserer Studie zeigen, dass die Wasserverfügbarkeit der Bäume ihre Minimalwerte während der Trockenheit in 2015 erreichte, und dass die Bäume während der Trockenheit ihren Saftfluss um bis zu 80% reduzierten. Weiterhin war der Stammzuwachs aller Baumarten mit Beginn der Trockenheit stark eingeschränkt. Trotz dieser starken physiologischen Reaktion auf die Trockenheit in 2015 hatten die Bäume Mittagswasserpotentiale, die weit entfernt von den Werten lagen, die üblicherweise mit heftigen Xylem Embolien in Verbindung gebracht werden ( P 50 ). Auch die Speicherkohlenhydrate der Bäume wiesen keinen signifikanten Rückgang während der Trockenheit auf. Synthese . Diese Studie zeigt, dass erwachsene Bäume sechs verschiedener mitteleuropäischer Arten stark auf eine heftige Sommerdürre reagieren, indem sie ihren Wasserverlust stark reduzieren und ihr Wachstum einstellen. Gleichzeitig konnten wir keine Hinweise auf ausgeprägte Xylem Embolien oder Rückgänge der Speicherkohlenhydrate feststellen. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass Xylem Embolien und Kohlenhydratknappheit keine regelmässigen Erscheinungen während starker Trockenheit in Bäumen der gemässigten Klimazone sind. Die Anfälligkeit der Bäume gegen diese zwei vieldiskutierten Prozesse ist damit – während einer Trockenheit, wie wir sie untersucht haben – eher gering.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-0477 , 1365-2745
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3023-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004136-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2016
    In:  Functional Ecology Vol. 30, No. 9 ( 2016-09), p. 1480-1490
    In: Functional Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 30, No. 9 ( 2016-09), p. 1480-1490
    Abstract: Within the same forest stand, temperate deciduous trees generally exhibit a distinct pattern in leaf‐out timing, with some species flushing earlier than other species. This study aimed to explain the timing of leaf‐out of various temperate tree species in relation to the risk of freezing damage to leaves. We combined long‐term series of leaf‐out date (14–32 years) of five temperate tree species located in both low and high elevations in Switzerland, daily minimum temperatures recorded at the same sites and species‐specific freezing resistance ( LT 50 ) of emerging leaves. We calculated temperature safety margins (the temperature difference between absolute minimum temperature during leaf‐out and species‐specific LT 50 values), and date safety margins (time lag between the last day when temperature falls below species‐specific LT 50 values and the date of leaf‐out). Leaf‐out occurred when the probability to encounter freezing damage approaches zero, irrespective of climatic conditions (low vs. high elevation) and species (early‐ and late‐flushing species). In other words, trees leaf out precisely at the beginning of the probabilistically safe period. Interestingly, the temperature safety margins did not differ significantly between low and high elevation. Yet, the date safety margin was smaller at high elevation, presumably due to a faster increase in temperature during the leaf‐out period at high elevation. When species‐specific freezing resistance is taken into account, the time of leaf‐out converges among species towards a marginal risk of freezing damage. Thus, leaf‐out time has likely evolved in a way that the risk of freezing damage is minimized over a large spectrum of climatic conditions. Species with a small safety margin against freezing temperature, like Fagus sylvatica , appear to employ photoperiod co‐control of spring phenology, whereas species with a large safety margin depend largely on temperature for the right timing of leaf‐out. Our results offer a new avenue to explain the differences in leaf‐out timing among co‐occurring tree species. They further suggest that in a warming climate, tree species can expand their distribution range to the extent their phenology matches the stochasticity of freezing temperatures in spring.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0269-8463 , 1365-2435
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020307-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 619313-4
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Biogeography Vol. 50, No. 5 ( 2023-05), p. 838-845
    In: Journal of Biogeography, Wiley, Vol. 50, No. 5 ( 2023-05), p. 838-845
    Abstract: Attempts at identifying climate warming effects on mountain and arctic vegetation caused a recent hype in treeline studies. In this perspectives article, we recall the need of clear‐cut definitions, a consistent terminology and a theoretical framework that permits hypothesis testing. Founded in the ecological niche concept, the application of the fundamental niche edge to treeline permits defining the potential climatic limit of tree growth, while the realized niche edge captures all deviations for reasons related to other, more local, abiotic factors, biotic interactions, disturbances and human interventions. An important point is that a globally common phenomenon calls for a common abiotic driver which is the temperature at the low temperature edge of the niche of the life form tree. We explain why other abiotic factors that may affect the local range limits, such as microclimate, moisture and wind do not devaluate the classical isotherm concept. Our key message is that applying a clearly defined concept of potential treeline, also allows defining deviations from it and explaining the deviations within a reproducible theoretical framework.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0305-0270 , 1365-2699
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020428-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 188963-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
    In: New Phytologist, Wiley, Vol. 234, No. 4 ( 2022-05), p. 1195-1205
    Abstract: European beech ( Fagus sylvatica ) was among the most affected tree species during the severe 2018 European drought. It not only suffered from instant physiological stress but also showed severe symptoms of defoliation and canopy decline in the following year. To explore the underlying mechanisms, we used the Swiss‐Canopy‐Crane II site and studied in branches of healthy and symptomatic trees the repair of hydraulic function and concentration of carbohydrates during the 2018 drought and in 2019. We found loss of hydraulic conductance in 2018, which did not recover in 2019 in trees that developed defoliation symptoms in the year after drought. Reduced branch foliation in symptomatic trees was associated with a gradual decline in wood starch concentration throughout summer 2019. Visualization of water transport in healthy and symptomatic branches in the year after the drought confirmed the close relationship between xylem functionality and supported branch leaf area. Our findings showed that embolized xylem does not regain function in the season following a drought and that sustained branch hydraulic dysfunction is counterbalanced by the reduction in supported leaf area. It suggests acclimation of leaf development after drought to mitigate disturbances in canopy hydraulic function.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-646X , 1469-8137
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208885-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472194-6
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  • 10
    In: Physiologia Plantarum, Wiley, ( 2010-03)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-9317 , 1399-3054
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208872-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020837-6
    SSG: 12
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