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Hair Cortisol in Twins: Heritability and Genetic Overlap with Psychological Variables and Stress-System Genes

Rietschel, Liz ; Streit, Fabian ; Zhu, Gu ; [et al.]

Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2017

In: Scientific Reports Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2017-11-10)

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In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2017-11-10)

Abstract: Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) is a promising measure of long-term hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. Previous research has suggested an association between HCC and psychological variables, and initial studies of inter-individual variance in HCC have implicated genetic factors. However, whether HCC and psychological variables share genetic risk factors remains unclear. The aims of the present twin study were to: (i) assess the heritability of HCC; (ii) estimate the phenotypic and genetic correlation between HPA axis activity and the psychological variables perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and neuroticism; using formal genetic twin models and molecular genetic methods, i.e. polygenic risk scores (PRS). HCC was measured in 671 adolescents and young adults. These included 115 monozygotic and 183 dizygotic twin-pairs. For 432 subjects PRS scores for plasma cortisol, major depression, and neuroticism were calculated using data from large genome wide association studies. The twin model revealed a heritability for HCC of 72%. No significant phenotypic or genetic correlation was found between HCC and the three psychological variables of interest. PRS did not explain variance in HCC. The present data suggest that HCC is highly heritable. However, the data do not support a strong biological link between HCC and any of the investigated psychological variables.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2045-2322

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11852-3

Language: English

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Publication Date: 2017

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3

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Harmonizing lipidomics: NIST interlaboratory comparison exercise for lipidomics using SRM 1950–Metabolites in Frozen Human Plasma

Bowden, John A. ; Heckert, Alan ; Ulmer, Candice Z. ; [et al.]

Elsevier BV ; 2017

In: Journal of Lipid Research Vol. 58, No. 12 ( 2017-12), p. 2275-2288

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In: Journal of Lipid Research, Elsevier BV, Vol. 58, No. 12 ( 2017-12), p. 2275-2288

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0022-2275

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1194/jlr.M079012

Language: English

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Publication Date: 2017

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1466675-3

SSG: 12

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Root hydrotropism is controlled via a cortex-specific growth mechanism

Dietrich, Daniela ; Pang, Lei ; Kobayashi, Akie ; [et al.]

Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2017

In: Nature Plants Vol. 3, No. 6 ( 2017-05-08)

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In: Nature Plants, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 3, No. 6 ( 2017-05-08)

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2055-0278

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2017.57

Language: English

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Publication Date: 2017

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2815502-6

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Overcoming leakage in quantum error correction

Miao, Kevin C. ; McEwen, Matt ; Atalaya, Juan ; [et al.]

Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023

In: Nature Physics

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In: Nature Physics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Abstract: The leakage of quantum information out of the two computational states of a qubit into other energy states represents a major challenge for quantum error correction. During the operation of an error-corrected algorithm, leakage builds over time and spreads through multi-qubit interactions. This leads to correlated errors that degrade the exponential suppression of the logical error with scale, thus challenging the feasibility of quantum error correction as a path towards fault-tolerant quantum computation. Here, we demonstrate a distance-3 surface code and distance-21 bit-flip code on a quantum processor for which leakage is removed from all qubits in each cycle. This shortens the lifetime of leakage and curtails its ability to spread and induce correlated errors. We report a tenfold reduction in the steady-state leakage population of the data qubits encoding the logical state and an average leakage population of less than 1 × 10 −3 throughout the entire device. Our leakage removal process efficiently returns the system back to the computational basis. Adding it to a code circuit would prevent leakage from inducing correlated error across cycles. With this demonstration that leakage can be contained, we have resolved a key challenge for practical quantum error correction at scale.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1745-2473 , 1745-2481

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1038/s41567-023-02226-w

Language: English

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Publication Date: 2023

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2206346-8

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Book Reviews

Markus, R. A. ; Kennedy OP, Philip ; Evans, G. R. ; [et al.]

Wiley ; 2004

In: New Blackfriars Vol. 85, No. 995 ( 2004-01), p. 97-117

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In: New Blackfriars, Wiley, Vol. 85, No. 995 ( 2004-01), p. 97-117

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0028-4289 , 1741-2005

URL: Issue

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1111/nbfr.2004.85.issue-995

DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-2005.2004.00009.x

Language: English

Publisher: Wiley

Publication Date: 2004

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2132190-5

SSG: 1

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Identification and Characterization of the Zebrafish and Fugu Genes Encoding Tuberoinfundibular Peptide 39

Papasani, Madhusudhan R. ; Gensure, Robert C. ; Yan, Yi-Lin ; [et al.]

The Endocrine Society ; 2004

In: Endocrinology Vol. 145, No. 11 ( 2004-11-01), p. 5294-5304

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In: Endocrinology, The Endocrine Society, Vol. 145, No. 11 ( 2004-11-01), p. 5294-5304

Abstract: Although the PTH type 2 receptor (PTH2R) has been isolated from mammals and zebrafish, only its mammalian agonist, tuberoinfundibular peptide 39 (TIP39), has been characterized thus far. To determine whether zebrafish TIP39 (zTIP39) functions similarly with the zebrafish PTHR (zPTH2R) and human PTH2Rs and to determine its tissue-specific expression, fugu (Takifugu rubripes) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) genomic databases were screened with human TIP39 (hTIP39) sequences. A single TIP39 gene was identified for each fish species, which showed significant homology to mammalian TIP39. Using standard molecular techniques, we isolated cDNA sequences encoding zTIP39. The fugu TIP39 precursor was encoded by a gene comprising at least three exons. It contained a hydrophobic signal sequence and a predicted prosequence with a dibasic cleavage site, similar to that found in mammalian TIP39 ligands. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that TIP39 forms the basal group from which PTH and PTHrP have been derived. Functionally, subtle differences in potency could be discerned between hTIP39 and zTIP39. The human PTH2R and zPTH2R were stimulated slightly better by both hTIP39 and zTIP39, whereas zTIP39 had a higher potency at a previously isolated zPTH2R splice variant. Whole-mount in situ hybridization of zebrafish revealed strong zTIP39 expression in the region of the hypothalamus and in the heart of 24- and 48-h-old embryos. Similarly, zPTH2R expression was highly expressed throughout the brain of 48- and 72-h-old embryos. Because the mammalian PTH2R was also most abundantly expressed in these tissues, the TIP39-PTH2R system may serve conserved physiological roles in mammals and fishes.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0013-7227 , 1945-7170

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1210/en.2004-0159

Language: English

Publisher: The Endocrine Society

Publication Date: 2004

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2011695-0

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Root gravitropism is regulated by a transient lateral auxin gradient controlled by a tipping-point mechanism

Band, Leah R. ; Wells, Darren M. ; Larrieu, Antoine ; [et al.]

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2012

In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 109, No. 12 ( 2012-03-20), p. 4668-4673

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In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 109, No. 12 ( 2012-03-20), p. 4668-4673

Abstract: Gravity profoundly influences plant growth and development. Plants respond to changes in orientation by using gravitropic responses to modify their growth. Cholodny and Went hypothesized over 80 years ago that plants bend in response to a gravity stimulus by generating a lateral gradient of a growth regulator at an organ's apex, later found to be auxin. Auxin regulates root growth by targeting Aux/IAA repressor proteins for degradation. We used an Aux/IAA-based reporter, domain II (DII)-VENUS, in conjunction with a mathematical model to quantify auxin redistribution following a gravity stimulus. Our multidisciplinary approach revealed that auxin is rapidly redistributed to the lower side of the root within minutes of a 90° gravity stimulus. Unexpectedly, auxin asymmetry was rapidly lost as bending root tips reached an angle of 40° to the horizontal. We hypothesize roots use a “tipping point” mechanism that operates to reverse the asymmetric auxin flow at the midpoint of root bending. These mechanistic insights illustrate the scientific value of developing quantitative reporters such as DII-VENUS in conjunction with parameterized mathematical models to provide high-resolution kinetics of hormone redistribution.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1201498109

RVK:

TA 1000

RVK:

WA 15000

Language: English

Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Publication Date: 2012

detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8

SSG: 11

SSG: 12

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Growth-induced hormone dilution can explain the dynamics of plant root cell elongation

Band, Leah R. ; Úbeda-Tomás, Susana ; Dyson, Rosemary J. ; [et al.]

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2012

In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 109, No. 19 ( 2012-05-08), p. 7577-7582

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In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 109, No. 19 ( 2012-05-08), p. 7577-7582

Abstract: In the elongation zone of the Arabidopsis thaliana plant root, cells undergo rapid elongation, increasing their length by ∼10-fold over 5 h while maintaining a constant radius. Although progress is being made in understanding how this growth is regulated, little consideration has been given as to how cell elongation affects the distribution of the key regulating hormones. Using a multiscale mathematical model and measurements of growth dynamics, we investigate the distribution of the hormone gibberellin in the root elongation zone. The model quantifies how rapid cell expansion causes gibberellin to dilute, creating a significant gradient in gibberellin levels. By incorporating the gibberellin signaling network, we simulate how gibberellin dilution affects the downstream components, including the growth-repressing DELLA proteins. We predict a gradient in DELLA that provides an explanation of the reduction in growth exhibited as cells move toward the end of the elongation zone. These results are validated at the molecular level by comparing predicted mRNA levels with transcriptomic data. To explore the dynamics further, we simulate perturbed systems in which gibberellin levels are reduced, considering both genetically modified and chemically treated roots. By modeling these cases, we predict how these perturbations affect gibberellin and DELLA levels and thereby provide insight into their altered growth dynamics.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1113632109

RVK:

TA 1000

RVK:

WA 15000

Language: English

Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Publication Date: 2012

detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8

SSG: 11

SSG: 12

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Dynamic regulation of auxin oxidase and conjugating enzymes AtDAO1 and GH3 modulates auxin homeostasis

Mellor, Nathan ; Band, Leah R. ; Pěnčík, Aleš ; [et al.]

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2016

In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 113, No. 39 ( 2016-09-27), p. 11022-11027

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In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 113, No. 39 ( 2016-09-27), p. 11022-11027

Abstract: The hormone auxin is a key regulator of plant growth and development, and great progress has been made understanding auxin transport and signaling. Here, we show that auxin metabolism and homeostasis are also regulated in a complex manner. The principal auxin degradation pathways in Arabidopsis include oxidation by Arabidopsis thaliana gene DIOXYGENASE FOR AUXIN OXIDATION 1/2 (AtDAO1/2) and conjugation by Gretchen Hagen3s (GH3s). Metabolic profiling of dao1-1 root tissues revealed a 50% decrease in the oxidation product 2-oxoindole-3-acetic acid (oxIAA) and increases in the conjugated forms indole-3-acetic acid aspartic acid (IAA-Asp) and indole-3-acetic acid glutamic acid (IAA-Glu) of 438- and 240-fold, respectively, whereas auxin remains close to the WT. By fitting parameter values to a mathematical model of these metabolic pathways, we show that, in addition to reduced oxidation, both auxin biosynthesis and conjugation are increased in dao1-1 . Transcripts of AtDAO1 and GH3 genes increase in response to auxin over different timescales and concentration ranges. Including this regulation of AtDAO1 and GH3 in an extended model reveals that auxin oxidation is more important for auxin homoeostasis at lower hormone concentrations, whereas auxin conjugation is most significant at high auxin levels. Finally, embedding our homeostasis model in a multicellular simulation to assess the spatial effect of the dao1-1 mutant shows that auxin increases in outer root tissues in agreement with the dao1-1 mutant root hair phenotype. We conclude that auxin homeostasis is dependent on AtDAO1 , acting in concert with GH3 , to maintain auxin at optimal levels for plant growth and development.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1604458113

RVK:

TA 1000

RVK:

WA 15000

Language: English

Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Publication Date: 2016

detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8

SSG: 11

SSG: 12

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A Mechanistic Paradigm for Broad-Spectrum Antivirals that Target Virus-Cell Fusion

Vigant, Frederic ; Lee, Jihye ; Hollmann, Axel ; [et al.]

Public Library of Science (PLoS) ; 2013

In: PLoS Pathogens Vol. 9, No. 4 ( 2013-4-18), p. e1003297-

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In: PLoS Pathogens, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 9, No. 4 ( 2013-4-18), p. e1003297-

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1553-7374

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003297

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003297.g001

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003297.g002

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003297.g003

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003297.g004

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003297.g005

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003297.g006

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003297.s001

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003297.s002

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003297.s003

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003297.s004

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003297.s005

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003297.s006

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003297.s007

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003297.s008

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003297.s009

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003297.s010

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003297.s011

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003297.s012

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003297.s013

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003297.s014

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003297.s015

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003297.s016

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003297.s017

Language: English

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Publication Date: 2013

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2205412-1

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