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  • 1
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2009-01-16), p. 287-343
    Abstract: Abstract. This paper presents extensive {bias determination} analyses of ozone observations from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) satellite instruments: the ACE Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) and the Measurement of Aerosol Extinction in the Stratosphere and Troposphere Retrieved by Occultation (ACE-MAESTRO) instrument. Here we compare the latest ozone data products from ACE-FTS and ACE-MAESTRO with coincident observations from nearly 20 satellite-borne, airborne, balloon-borne and ground-based instruments, by analysing volume mixing ratio profiles and partial column densities. The ACE-FTS version 2.2 Ozone Update product reports more ozone than most correlative measurements from the upper troposphere to the lower mesosphere. At altitude levels from 16 to 44 km, the average values of the mean relative differences are nearly all within +1 to +8%. At higher altitudes (45–60 km), the ACE-FTS ozone amounts are significantly larger than those of the comparison instruments, with mean relative differences of up to +40% (about +20% on average). For the ACE-MAESTRO version 1.2 ozone data product, mean relative differences are within ±10% (average values within ±6%) between 18 and 40 km for both the sunrise and sunset measurements. At higher altitudes (~35–55 km), systematic biases of opposite sign are found between the ACE-MAESTRO sunrise and sunset observations. While ozone amounts derived from the ACE-MAESTRO sunrise occultation data are often smaller than the coincident observations (with mean relative differences down to −10%), the sunset occultation profiles for ACE-MAESTRO show results that are qualitatively similar to ACE-FTS, indicating a large positive bias (mean relative differences within +10 to +30%) in the 45–55 km altitude range. In contrast, there is no significant systematic difference in bias found for the ACE-FTS sunrise and sunset measurements.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2009
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  • 2
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 8, No. 16 ( 2008-08-19), p. 4759-4786
    Abstract: Abstract. The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE), also known as SCISAT, was launched on 12 August 2003, carrying two instruments that measure vertical profiles of atmospheric constituents using the solar occultation technique. One of these instruments, the ACE Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS), is measuring volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles of nitrous oxide (N2O) from the upper troposphere to the lower mesosphere at a vertical resolution of about 3–4 km. In this study, the quality of the ACE-FTS version 2.2 N2O data is assessed through comparisons with coincident measurements made by other satellite, balloon-borne, aircraft, and ground-based instruments. These consist of vertical profile comparisons with the SMR, MLS, and MIPAS satellite instruments, multiple aircraft flights of ASUR, and single balloon flights of SPIRALE and FIRS-2, and partial column comparisons with a network of ground-based Fourier Transform InfraRed spectrometers (FTIRs). Between 6 and 30 km, the mean absolute differences for the satellite comparisons lie between −42 ppbv and +17 ppbv, with most within ±20 ppbv. This corresponds to relative deviations from the mean that are within ±15%, except for comparisons with MIPAS near 30 km, for which they are as large as 22.5%. Between 18 and 30 km, the mean absolute differences for the satellite comparisons are generally within ±10 ppbv. From 30 to 60 km, the mean absolute differences are within ±4 ppbv, and are mostly between −2 and +1 ppbv. Given the small N2O VMR in this region, the relative deviations from the mean are therefore large at these altitudes, with most suggesting a negative bias in the ACE-FTS data between 30 and 50 km. In the comparisons with the FTIRs, the mean relative differences between the ACE-FTS and FTIR partial columns (which cover a mean altitude range of 14 to 27 km) are within ±5.6% for eleven of the twelve contributing stations. This mean relative difference is negative at ten stations, suggesting a small negative bias in the ACE-FTS partial columns over the altitude regions compared. Excellent correlation (R=0.964) is observed between the ACE-FTS and FTIR partial columns, with a slope of 1.01 and an intercept of −0.20 on the line fitted to the data.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 3
    In: Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, Elsevier BV, Vol. 82, No. 1-4 ( 2003-11), p. 5-44
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-4073
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2003
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    SSG: 11
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2007
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2007-01-18), p. 257-281
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2007-01-18), p. 257-281
    Abstract: Abstract. Altitude profiles of ClONO2 retrieved with the IMK (Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung) science-oriented data processor from MIPAS/Envisat (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding on Envisat) mid-infrared limb emission measurements between July 2002 and March 2004 have been validated by comparison with balloon-borne (Mark IV, FIRS2, MIPAS-B), airborne (MIPAS-STR), ground-based (Spitsbergen, Thule, Kiruna, Harestua, Jungfraujoch, Izaña, Wollongong, Lauder), and spaceborne (ACE-FTS) observations. With few exceptions we found very good agreement between these instruments and MIPAS with no evidence for any bias in most cases and altitude regions. For balloon-borne measurements typical absolute mean differences are below 0.05 ppbv over the whole altitude range from 10 to 39 km. In case of ACE-FTS observations mean differences are below 0.03 ppbv for observations below 26 km. Above this altitude the comparison with ACE-FTS is affected by the photochemically induced diurnal variation of ClONO2. Correction for this by use of a chemical transport model led to an overcompensation of the photochemical effect by up to 0.1 ppbv at altitudes of 30–35 km in case of MIPAS-ACE-FTS comparisons while for the balloon-borne observations no such inconsistency has been detected. The comparison of MIPAS derived total column amounts with ground-based observations revealed no significant bias in the MIPAS data. Mean differences between MIPAS and FTIR column abundances are 0.11±0.12×1014 cm−2 (1.0±1.1%) and −0.09±0.19×1014 cm−2 (−0.8±1.7%), depending on the coincidence criterion applied. χ2 tests have been performed to assess the combined precision estimates of MIPAS and the related instruments. When no exact coincidences were available as in case of MIPAS – FTIR or MIPAS – ACE-FTS comparisons it has been necessary to take into consideration a coincidence error term to account for χ2 deviations. From the resulting χ2 profiles there is no evidence for a systematic over/underestimation of the MIPAS random error analysis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2007
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  • 5
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 113, No. D15 ( 2008-05-09)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2000
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 105, No. D2 ( 2000-01-27), p. 1957-1971
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 105, No. D2 ( 2000-01-27), p. 1957-1971
    Abstract: We use the first simultaneous in situ measurements of ClONO 2 , ClO, and HCl acquired using the NASA ER‐2 aircraft during the Photochemistry of Ozone Loss in the Arctic Region in Summer (POLARIS) mission to test whether these three compounds quantitatively account for total inorganic chlorine (Cl y ) in the lower stratosphere in 1997. We find (ClO + ClONO 2 + HCl)/Cl y = 0.92±0.10, where Cl y is inferred from in situ measurements of organic chlorine source gases. These observations are consistent with our current understanding of the budget and partitioning of Cl y in the lower stratosphere. We find no evidence in support of missing inorganic chlorine species that compose a significant fraction of Cl y . We apply the analysis to earlier ER‐2 observations dating from 1991 to investigate possible causes of previously observed discrepancies in the inorganic chlorine budget. Using space shuttle, satellite, balloon, and aircraft measurements in combination with ER‐2 data, we find that the discrepancy is unlikely to have been caused by missing chlorine species or an error in the photolysis rate of chlorine nitrate. We also find that HCl/Cl y is not significantly controlled by aerosol surface area density in the lower stratosphere.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2000
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  • 7
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 8, No. 13 ( 2008-07-07), p. 3529-3562
    Abstract: Abstract. The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) satellite was launched on 12 August 2003. Its two instruments measure vertical profiles of over 30 atmospheric trace gases by analyzing solar occultation spectra in the ultraviolet/visible and infrared wavelength regions. The reservoir gases HNO3, ClONO2, and N2O5 are three of the key species provided by the primary instrument, the ACE Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS). This paper describes the ACE-FTS version 2.2 data products, including the N2O5 update, for the three species and presents validation comparisons with available observations. We have compared volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles of HNO3, ClONO2, and N2O5 with measurements by other satellite instruments (SMR, MLS, MIPAS), aircraft measurements (ASUR), and single balloon-flights (SPIRALE, FIRS-2). Partial columns of HNO3 and ClONO2 were also compared with measurements by ground-based Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. Overall the quality of the ACE-FTS v2.2 HNO3 VMR profiles is good from 18 to 35 km. For the statistical satellite comparisons, the mean absolute differences are generally within ±1 ppbv ±20%) from 18 to 35 km. For MIPAS and MLS comparisons only, mean relative differences lie within±10% between 10 and 36 km. ACE-FTS HNO3 partial columns (~15–30 km) show a slight negative bias of −1.3% relative to the ground-based FTIRs at latitudes ranging from 77.8° S–76.5° N. Good agreement between ACE-FTS ClONO2 and MIPAS, using the Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung and Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IMK-IAA) data processor is seen. Mean absolute differences are typically within ±0.01 ppbv between 16 and 27 km and less than +0.09 ppbv between 27 and 34 km. The ClONO2 partial column comparisons show varying degrees of agreement, depending on the location and the quality of the FTIR measurements. Good agreement was found for the comparisons with the midlatitude Jungfraujoch partial columns for which the mean relative difference is 4.7%. ACE-FTS N2O5 has a low bias relative to MIPAS IMK-IAA, reaching −0.25 ppbv at the altitude of the N2O5 maximum (around 30 km). Mean absolute differences at lower altitudes (16–27 km) are typically −0.05 ppbv for MIPAS nighttime and ±0.02 ppbv for MIPAS daytime measurements.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 8
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 8, No. 20 ( 2008-10-27), p. 6199-6221
    Abstract: Abstract. Hydrogen chloride (HCl) and hydrogen fluoride (HF) are respectively the main chlorine and fluorine reservoirs in the Earth's stratosphere. Their buildup resulted from the intensive use of man-made halogenated source gases, in particular CFC-11 (CCl3F) and CFC-12 (CCl2F2), during the second half of the 20th century. It is important to continue monitoring the evolution of these source gases and reservoirs, in support of the Montreal Protocol and also indirectly of the Kyoto Protocol. The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) is a space-based instrument that has been performing regular solar occultation measurements of over 30 atmospheric gases since early 2004. In this validation paper, the HCl, HF, CFC-11 and CFC-12 version 2.2 profile data products retrieved from ACE-FTS measurements are evaluated. Volume mixing ratio profiles have been compared to observations made from space by MLS and HALOE, and from stratospheric balloons by SPIRALE, FIRS-2 and Mark-IV. Partial columns derived from the ACE-FTS data were also compared to column measurements from ground-based Fourier transform instruments operated at 12 sites. ACE-FTS data recorded from March 2004 to August 2007 have been used for the comparisons. These data are representative of a variety of atmospheric and chemical situations, with sounded air masses extending from the winter vortex to summer sub-tropical conditions. Typically, the ACE-FTS products are available in the 10–50 km altitude range for HCl and HF, and in the 7–20 and 7–25 km ranges for CFC-11 and -12, respectively. For both reservoirs, comparison results indicate an agreement generally better than 5–10% above 20 km altitude, when accounting for the known offset affecting HALOE measurements of HCl and HF. Larger positive differences are however found for comparisons with single profiles from FIRS-2 and SPIRALE. For CFCs, the few coincident measurements available suggest that the differences probably remain within ±20%.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2002
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 107, No. D24 ( 2002-12-27)
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 107, No. D24 ( 2002-12-27)
    Abstract: Comparisons of remote sensing stratospheric mixing ratio profiles for O 3 , H 2 O, N 2 O, HNO 3 , and NO 2 are shown between data (version 5.2) obtained by the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer (ILAS) on board the Japanese Advanced Earth Observing Satellite (ADEOS) and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory far‐infrared spectrometer (FIRS)‐2 balloon‐borne spectrometer from a flight on 30 April 1997 originating in Fairbanks, Alaska. Submillimeter wave remote sensing and UV in situ observations of mixing ratios of O 3 from Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) instruments obtained on board the same balloon gondola are also used for comparison with ILAS mixing ratios of O 3 . The remote sensing balloon observations occurred roughly 5° latitude, and the in situ 2° latitude, north of the nearest ILAS observations and were taken between 0700 and 1300 local solar time (LST), while the ILAS data were taken at the previous local sunset (near 2100 LST). Back trajectories from the locations and times of balloon data sets to the prior local sunset were within 2° latitude and 10° longitude of the nearest ILAS occultation; the validation therefore effectively occurred in very nearly the same air mass as was observed with ILAS, and well within a 1‐day time interval. The mixing ratio profiles of all of the compared molecules (O 3 , HNO 3 , N 2 O, H 2 O, and NO 2 ) agree to within the combined uncertainties with only minor systematic offsets.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2002
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2002
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 107, No. D24 ( 2002-12-27)
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 107, No. D24 ( 2002-12-27)
    Abstract: Vertical profiles of ozone concentration in the high latitudes were observed by the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer (ILAS) aboard the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite (ADEOS) from November 1996 to June 1997. The ozone data obtained by the version 5.20 ILAS retrieval algorithm are compared with those obtained by the version 19 Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), the version 6 Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II, and the version 6 Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) II retrieval algorithms. The ILAS data are also compared with ozone data measured by ozonesondes, instruments on board balloons or an aircraft, and ground‐based instruments. The ILAS ozone data generally agree with its correlative data between 11 and 64 km with some exceptions. Quantitatively, the median value of the relative difference (absolute difference divided by its mean value) for these comparisons was within ±10%. Relative differences (18%) exceeding the combined measurement errors were found around 45–55 km altitude from comparisons with the HALOE and SAGE II data in January 1997 in the Southern Hemisphere (SH). Larger relative differences (around 50%) were also found below 15 km from comparisons with the HALOE and POAM II data in November 1996 in the SH, but these absolute differences were 0.10–0.16 ppmv as the median value. The ozone data processed by the version 5.20 were improved compared to the former version 3.10, which is available to the general public. The version 5.20 ozone data can be used for scientific analysis purposes based on the accuracy of the data in comparison with these other instruments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2002
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