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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Comparison between the Movement ABC-2 and the Zurich Neuromotor Assessment in Preschool Children
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol. 123, No. 3 ( 2016-12), p. 687-701
    Details
    In: Perceptual and Motor Skills, SAGE Publications, Vol. 123, No. 3 ( 2016-12), p. 687-701
    Abstract: An established test instrument for the assessment of motor performance in children between 3 and 16 years is the Movement Assessment Battery for Children – Second Edition (M-ABC-2). The Zurich Neuromotor Assessment (ZNA) is also widely used for the evaluation of children’s motor performance but has not been compared with the M-ABC-2 for children below five years for the purpose of convergent validity. Forty-seven children (26 boys, 21 girls) between three and five years of age were assessed using the M-ABC-2 and the ZNA3-5. Rank correlations between scores of different test components were calculated. Only low-to-moderate correlations were observed when separate components of these tests were compared (.31 to .68, p  〈  .05), especially when involving the associated movements from the ZNA3-5 (−.05 to −.13, p  〉  .05). However, the correlation between summary scores of the two tests was .77 ( p  〈  .001), and it increased to .84 when associated movements were excluded, which was comparable in magnitude to the test–retest reliability of the M-ABC-2, supporting convergent validity between the two tests. Although the ZNA3-5 and M-ABC-2 measure different aspects of motor behavior, the two instruments may thus measure essentially the same construct.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-5125 , 1558-688X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0031512516664991
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066876-4
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 7,11
    SSG: 31
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  • 2
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    Obesity, blood pressure and retinal microvascular phenotype in a bi-ethnic cohort of young children
    Elsevier BV ; 2022
    In:  Atherosclerosis Vol. 350 ( 2022-06), p. 51-57
    Details
    In: Atherosclerosis, Elsevier BV, Vol. 350 ( 2022-06), p. 51-57
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9150
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.04.018
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1499887-7
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Potassium excretion and blood pressure are associated with heart rate variability in healthy black adults: The African-PREDICT study
    Elsevier BV ; 2021
    In:  Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases Vol. 31, No. 4 ( 2021-04), p. 1071-1080
    Details
    In: Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Elsevier BV, Vol. 31, No. 4 ( 2021-04), p. 1071-1080
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0939-4753
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.12.021
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2050914-5
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  • 4
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    Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Blood Pressure and Ethnicity Are Related to Salivary Cortisol Responses after an Exercise Test in Children: The ExAMIN Youth SA Study
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 15 ( 2021-07-26), p. 7898-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 15 ( 2021-07-26), p. 7898-
    Abstract: Background: Childhood elevated circulatory stress mediators such as cortisol seem to play an important role in the development of hypertension and metabolic disorders later in life. Little is known about the association of body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), blood pressure (BP) and ethnicity with cortisol reactivity in young children. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 324 black and 227 white school children (aged 7.4 ± 1.0 years) were screened for salivary cortisol reactivity, body mass index, BP and CRF (shuttle run) by standardised assessments for children. Results: Children in the lower cortisol reactivity percentile ( 〈 25th) had a higher heart rate (87.0 ± 12.9 bpm) and a lower CRF (3.1 ± 1.3 stages) compared to children in the upper ( 〉 25th) percentile (86.2 ± 11.5 bpm and 3.5 ± 1.7 stages, respectively). At baseline, children of black ethnicity had a higher cortisol level (p 〈 0.001). Immediately before the exercise test, no associations of obesity, BP, CRF and ethnicity with cortisol levels were found. In analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) we found that low CRF, high BP and black ethnicity were independently associated with lower cortisol reactivity by performing the shuttle run test (p 〈 0.01). Conclusion: Low CRF and high BP were associated with lower cortisol reactivity after a cardiorespiratory exercise test. Black children showed a lower cortisol reactivity which may contribute to the earlier onset of hypertension reported in black compared to white populations. Primary prevention programs need to focus on improving physical fitness to reduce the growing prevalence of cardiometabolic disorders during childhood.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157898
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 5
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    DataSheet1.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Physiology Vol. 14 ( 2023-8-23)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Physiology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 14 ( 2023-8-23)
    Abstract: Background: Obesity- and hypertension-related cardiovascular (CV) risk has been shown to originate in childhood. Higher body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) have been associated with increased large artery stiffness and a lower microvascular arteriolar-to-venular diameter ratio (AVR) in children. This study aimed to investigate the association of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with development of BMI, BP and vascular health during childhood. Methods: In our prospective cohort study, 1,171 children aged 6–8 years were screened for CRF, BMI, BP, retinal vessel diameters and pulse wave velocity using standardized protocols. Endurance capacity was assessed by 20 m shuttle run test. After 4 years, all parameters were assessed in 664 children using the same protocols. Results: Children with a higher CRF at baseline developed a significantly lower BMI (β [95% CI] −0.09 [−0.11 to −0.06] kg/m 2 , p & lt; 0.001), a lower systolic BP (β [95% CI] −0.09 [−0.15 to −0.03]  mmHg, p = 0.004) and a higher AVR (β [95% CI] 0.0004 [0.00004 to 0.0007] units, p = 0.027) after 4 years. The indirect association of CRF with development of retinal arteriolar diameters was mediated by changes in BMI. Conclusion: Our results identify CRF as a key modulator for the risk trajectories of BMI, BP and microvascular health in children. Obesity-related CV risk has been shown to track into adulthood, and achieving higher CRF levels in children may help counteract the development of CV risk and disease not only in pediatric populations, but may also help reduce the burden of CVD in adulthood. Registration: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ (NCT02853747).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-042X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1243434
    DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1243434.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2564217-0
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Exercise and Arterial Stiffness in the Elderly: A Combined Cross-Sectional and Randomized Controlled Trial (EXAMIN AGE)
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2019
    In:  Frontiers in Physiology Vol. 10 ( 2019-9-4)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Physiology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 10 ( 2019-9-4)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-042X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01119
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2564217-0
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  • 7
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    Table_2.DOCX
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Public Health Vol. 9 ( 2021-3-26)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Public Health, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2021-3-26)
    Abstract: Background/Aims: Socioeconomic barriers and lifestyle conditions affect development of cardiovascular disease in adults, but little is known about the association of parental lifestyle and education with childhood health. We aimed to investigate the association of socioeconomic status (SES), migration background, parental physical activity (PA) and smoking status with micro-and macrovascular health in children. Methods: In 2016/2017, 833 school children (aged 7.2 ± 0.4 years) in Basel (Switzerland) were screened for retinal arteriolar-to-venular ratio (AVR), pulse wave velocity (PWV), SES, migration background and parental PA as well as smoking status. Results: High parental PA levels were associated with a favorable higher AVR ( p = 0.020) and lower PWV ( p = 0.035), but not independent of parental smoking status. Children with parents who smoked had a higher PWV [4.39 (4.35–4.42) m/s] compared to children with non-smoking parents [4.32 (4.29–4.34) m/s, p = 0.001]. Children of parents with a low household income had a higher PWV [4.36 (4.32–4.41) m/s] compared to children of parents with a high household income [4.30 (4.26–4.34) m/s, p = 0.033]. Low parental educational level was associated with a lower AVR [0.86 (0.85–0.88)] compared to children with highly educated parents [AVR:0.88 (0.87–0.88), p = 0.007; PWV: 4.33 (4.30–4.35) m/s, p = 0.041]. Children with a European background showed a higher AVR [0.88 (0.87–0.88)] compared to non-European children [AVR: (0.86 (0.85–0.87), p = 0.034]. Conclusion: Parental PA is associated with better macro- and microvascular childhood health. However, the positive association is lost when parental smoking is considered in the analysis. Socioeconomic factors seem to associate with subclinical vascular alterations in children. Primary prevention programs should focus on including parental lifestyle interventions and educational programs to reduce the burden of lifestyle-associated barriers in order to improve cardiovascular health during lifespan. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Exercise and Arterial Modulation in Youth, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02853747 , NCT02853747.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-2565
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.610268
    DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.610268.s001
    DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.610268.s002
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2711781-9
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Association of Parental Socioeconomic Status and Physical Activity with Development of Arterial Stiffness in Prepubertal Children
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 15 ( 2021-08-03), p. 8227-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 15 ( 2021-08-03), p. 8227-
    Abstract: The present study examined the prospective association of parental household income, education level, migration background, and physical activity (PA) behavior with the development of pulse wave velocity (PWV) in prepubertal children. A total of 223 children (initial age 6–8 years) were included in this prospective school-based cohort study from 2014 to 2018. Parental socioeconomic status, migration background, and PA behavior were assessed by the use of questionnaires at both times points. PWV was measured by an oscillometric device at follow-up (2018). No significant association of household income, education level, and parental migration background with PWV in children after four years was found. However, a high level of maternal PA was related to a lower childhood PWV at follow-up (mean (95% CI) 4.6 (4.54–4.66) m/s) compared to children of mothers with a low PA behavior (mean (95% CI) 4.7 (4.64–4.77) m/s) (p = 0.049). Children of mothers with a high PA level revealed a beneficial arterial stiffness after four years. Little evidence for an association of socioeconomic status and migration background with childhood arterial stiffness was found. Increased parental PA seems to support the development of childhood vascular health and should be considered in the generation of future primary prevention strategies of childhood cardiovascular health.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158227
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Obesity, Blood Pressure, and Retinal Vessels: A Meta-analysis
    American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) ; 2018
    In:  Pediatrics Vol. 141, No. 6 ( 2018-06-01)
    Details
    In: Pediatrics, American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), Vol. 141, No. 6 ( 2018-06-01)
    Abstract: Retinal vessel imaging is a noninvasive diagnostic tool used to evaluate cardiovascular risk. Childhood obesity and elevated blood pressure (BP) are associated with retinal microvascular alterations. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review and meta-analyze associations between obesity, BP, and physical activity with retinal vessel diameters in children. DATA SOURCES: We conducted a literature search through the databases of PubMed, Embase, Ovid, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials. STUDY SELECTION: School- and population-based cross-sectional data. DATA EXTRACTION: General information, study design, participants, exposure, and outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 1751 studies were found, and 30 full-text articles were analyzed for eligibility. Twenty-two articles (18 865 children and adolescents) were used for further assessment and reflection. Eleven articles were finally included in the meta-analysis. We found that a higher BMI is associated with narrower retinal arteriolar (pooled estimate effect size −0.37 [95% confidence interval (CI): −0.50 to −0.24]) and wider venular diameters (0.35 [95% CI: 0.07 to 0.63] ). Systolic and diastolic BP are associated with retinal arteriolar narrowing (systolic BP: −0.63 [95% CI: −0.92 to −0.34]; diastolic BP: −0.60 [95% CI −0.95 to −0.25] ). Increased physical activity and fitness are associated with favorable retinal vessel diameters. LIMITATIONS: Long-term studies are needed to substantiate the prognostic relevance of retinal vessel diameters for cardiovascular risk in children. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that childhood obesity, BP, and physical inactivity are associated with retinal microvascular abnormalities. Retinal vessel diameters seem to be sensitive microvascular biomarkers for cardiovascular risk stratification in children.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-4005 , 1098-4275
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1542/peds.2017-4090
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477004-0
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Table_1.DOCX
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Pediatrics Vol. 9 ( 2021-10-27)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Pediatrics, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2021-10-27)
    Abstract: Objective: Central hemodynamics are related to cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in adults, but associations with childhood CV risk remain unclear. The study aimed to investigate the association of obesity, physical activity, and fitness with parameters of central pulse wave reflection in young prepubertal children. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1,324 primary school children (aged 7.2 ± 0.4 years) were screened for parameters of pulse wave reflection such as augmentation index (AIx), central pulse pressure (CPP), body mass index (BMI), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) by standardized procedures for children. Results: The mean AIx and AIx@75 were 22.2 ± 7.7 and 29.2 ± 9.2%, respectively. With each unit increase in BMI, AIx [−0.226 (−0.328; −0.125)%] and AIx@75 [−0.444(−0.660; −0.229)%] decreased, whereas peak forward pulse wave increased ( p & lt; 0.001). Increasing BMI was associated with higher CPP, but did not remain significant after adjustment for CRF and heart rate. One unit increase in CRF was associated with lower AIx@75 [−0.509(−0.844; −0.173)%, p = 0.003] and lower reflection magnitude [RM: −0.559 (−0.890; −0.227), p = 0.001], independent of body weight and height. Girls had significantly higher AIx, AIx@75, peak backward pulse wave, and RM compared with boys. Conclusion: Childhood obesity was associated with higher CPP but lower augmentation of the reflected pulse wave in children. Assessment of central blood pressures appears to be a valuable asset to childhood CV risk screening. The validity of augmentation indices during childhood development and the association with early vascular aging in children need to be verified in long-term follow-up studies. Physical activity and fitness have the potential to improve vascular hemodynamics in susceptible children and, thus, counteract vascular aging. Trial registry: ClinicalTrials.gov: Exercise and Arterial Modulation in Youth. Identifier: NCT02853747; URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02853747 .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-2360
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.750398
    DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.750398.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2711999-3
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