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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Long reading range for the frequency coded Chipless RFID system based on reflectarray antennas
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2018-03), p. 187-195
    Details
    In: International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2018-03), p. 187-195
    Abstract: This work proposes the utilization of a high gain and pencil beam reflectarray (RA) antenna at the reader of the frequency coded (FC) chipless radio-frequency identification (RFID) system to minimize the environmental reflections and increase the reading range. Moreover, the reader antenna should operate over ultra wideband (UWB) range of frequencies to accommodate multiple bits. However, the conventional antenna arrays cannot operate over UWB range of frequencies with high gain and pencil beam characteristics. Therefore, a novel UWB RA antenna dedicated to the chipless RFID reader is developed. The developed RA antenna operates over UWB range of frequencies from 4 to 6 GHz to fulfill the requirements of the FC chipless RFID system. Therefore, the antenna is successfully integrated with the FC chipless RFID tags, and a reading range of 1 m is achieved.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1759-0787 , 1759-0795
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1759078718000442
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2602101-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2497484-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Adaptive spectrum scanning techniques for reducing the identification time of the frequency coded chipless RFID system
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies Vol. 28, No. 11 ( 2017-11)
    Details
    In: Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, Wiley, Vol. 28, No. 11 ( 2017-11)
    Abstract: The main objective of this contribution is to introduce novel techniques for reducing the time taken from the reader to identify the frequency coded chipless radio frequency identification tags existed in the reader's interrogation region, system latency. The frequency scanning methodology, number of averaging for clutter removal, and hop duration are the 3 main parameters that significantly affect the overall system latency. Consequently, the adaptive frequency hopping (AFH) and adaptive sliding window (ASW) methodologies are proposed and proofed to be efficient for the chipless radio frequency identification systems from the latency and accuracy perspectives. Likewise, the performance of the designed AFH and ASW techniques are compared with the classical fixed frequency hopping methodology with a fine frequency step to validate the accuracy of the proposed methods. Moreover, 4 different coded frequency coded chipless tags are manufactured and used in the measurements. A real‐world testbed is designed including a software‐defined radio platform by which the proposed adaptive algorithms and traditional fixed frequency hopping methodology are implemented. All the measurements are performed in an indoor realized scenario, including the environmental effects. The experiments show that the proposed AFH combined with ASW algorithms significantly reduce the system latency by 58 % .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2161-3915 , 2161-3915
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ett.v28.11
    DOI: 10.1002/ett.3173
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2652250-0
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Mathematical Framework, Simulation, and Measurement of Harmonic Identification Systems
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; 2023
    In:  IEEE Access Vol. 11 ( 2023), p. 71811-71822
    Details
    In: IEEE Access, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Vol. 11 ( 2023), p. 71811-71822
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-3536
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3295127
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2687964-5
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Object Recognition in High-Resolution Indoor THz SAR Mapped Environment
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sensors Vol. 22, No. 10 ( 2022-05-15), p. 3762-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 10 ( 2022-05-15), p. 3762-
    Abstract: Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) at the terahertz (THz) spectrum has emerging short-range applications. In comparison to the microwave spectrum, the THz spectrum is limited in propagation range but benefits from high spatial resolution. The THz SAR is of significant interest for several applications which necessitate the mapping of indoor environments to support various endeavors such as rescue missions, map-assisted wireless communications, and household robotics. This paper addresses the augmentation of the high-resolution indoor mapped environment for object recognition, which includes detection, localization, and classification. Indoor object recognition is currently dominated by the usage of optical and infrared (IR) systems. However, it is not widely explored by radar technologies due to the limited spatial resolution at the most commonly used microwave frequencies. However, the THz spectrum provides a new paradigm of possible adaptation of object recognition in the radar domain by providing image quality in good compliance to optical/IR systems. In this paper, a multi-object indoor environment is foremost mapped at the THz spectrum ranging from 325 to 500 GHz in order to investigate the imaging in highly scattered environments and accordingly create a foundation for detection, localization, and classification. Furthermore, the extraction and clustering of features of the mapped environment are conducted for object detection and localization. Finally, the classification of detected objects is addressed with a supervised machine learning-based support vector machine (SVM) model.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s22103762
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Frequency-Coded Chipless RFID Tags: Notch Model, Detection, Angular Orientation, and Coverage Measurements
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Sensors Vol. 20, No. 7 ( 2020-03-26), p. 1843-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 7 ( 2020-03-26), p. 1843-
    Abstract: This paper focuses on the frequency coded chipless Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) wherein the tag’s information bits are physically encoded by the resonators’ notch position which has an effect on the frequency spectrum of the backscattered or retransmitted signal of the tag. In this regard, the notch analytical model is developed to consider the notch position and quality factor. Besides, the radar cross section (RCS) mathematical representation of the tag is introduced to consider the incident wave’s polarization and orientation angles. Hence, the influences of the incident wave’s orientation and polarization mismatches on the detection performance are quantified. After that, the tag measurement errors and limitations are comprehensively explained. Therefore, approaches to measureing RCS- and retransmission-based tags are introduced. Furthermore, the maximum reading range is theoretically calculated and practically verified considering the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Ultra Wideband (UWB) regulations. In all simulations and experiments conducted, a mono-static configuration is considered, in which one antenna is utilized for transmission and reception.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s20071843
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Real‐world testbed for multi‐tag UWB chipless RFID system based on a novel collision avoidance MAC protocol
    Wiley ; 2016
    In:  Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies Vol. 27, No. 12 ( 2016-12), p. 1707-1714
    Details
    In: Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, Wiley, Vol. 27, No. 12 ( 2016-12), p. 1707-1714
    Abstract: Chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tags are dummy, memoryless, with limited number of bits, very low backscattered power, and short reading range. Therefore, the existing RFID standards and protocols designed for the chipped RFID systems are not applicable for the chipless systems. Main objective of this contribution is to introduce a novel real‐world testbed for multi‐tag ultra‐wideband (UWB) chipless RFID system. In this testbed, a new Notch Position Modulation scheme is implemented as the first medium access control algorithm for handling the multi‐tag identification scenario of the frequency signature based chipless RFID tags. This intelligent Notch Position Modulation algorithm reduces the sensing and identification time and accordingly the overall system latency. The proposed protocol enables fetching the frequency signatures of the chipless RFID tags through the whole UWB range effectively. Moreover, an advanced signaling scheme is designed for the RFID reader in order to make the best use of the Federal Communications Commission UWB regulations for increasing the maximum transmitted power and the corresponding reading range. The signaling scheme, real‐time channel estimation, and clutter removal technique are implemented on the software defined radio platform in a heavily dense multipath indoor environment. Based on the medium access control protocol, the mitigation of the undesired environmental reflections as well as the interference between the chipless RFID tags is well demonstrated in the developed testbed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2161-3915 , 2161-3915
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ett.v27.12
    DOI: 10.1002/ett.3124
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2652250-0
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Harmonic FMCW Radar System: Passive Tag Detection and Precise Ranging Estimation
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  Sensors Vol. 24, No. 8 ( 2024-04-15), p. 2541-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 8 ( 2024-04-15), p. 2541-
    Abstract: This paper details the design and implementation of a harmonic frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar system, specialized in detecting harmonic tags and achieving precise range estimation. Operating within the 2.4–2.5 GHz frequency range for the forward channel and 4.8–5.0 GHz for the backward channel, this study delves into the various challenges faced during the system’s realization. These challenges include selecting appropriate components, calibrating the system, processing signals, and integrating the system components. In addition, we introduce a single-layer passive harmonic tag, developed specifically for assessing the system, and provide an in-depth theoretical analysis and simulation results. Notably, the system is characterized by its low power consumption, making it particularly suitable for short-range applications. The system’s efficacy is further validated through experimental evaluations in a real-world indoor environment across multiple tag positions. Our measurements underscore the system’s robust ranging accuracy and its ability to mitigate self-interference, showcasing its significant potential for applications in harmonic tag detection and ranging.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s24082541
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Clutter Effect Investigation on Co-Polarized Chipless RFID Tags and Mitigation Using Cross-Polarized Tags, Analytical Model, Simulation, and Measurement
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sensors Vol. 23, No. 17 ( 2023-08-31), p. 7562-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 17 ( 2023-08-31), p. 7562-
    Abstract: Chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is expected to replace barcode technology due to its ability to read in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) situations, long reading range, and low cost. Currently, there is extensive research being conducted on frequency-coded (FC) co-polarized radar cross-section (RCS)-based tags, which are widely used. However, detecting co-polarized chipless RFID tags in cluttered environments is still a challenge, as confirmed by measuring two co-polarized tags in front of a perfect metal reflector (30.5cm×22.5cm). To address this challenge, a realistic mathematical model for a chipless RFID system has been developed that takes into account the characteristics of the reader and the tag, as well as reflections from cluttered objects. This extensive mathematical model developed for linear chipless RFID systems in clutter scenarios holds the potential to greatly assist researchers in their exploration of RCS-based tags. By relying solely on simulations, this model provides a tool to effectively analyze and understand RCS-based tags, ultimately simplifying the process of generating more authentic tag designs. This model has been simulated and verified with measurement results by placing a single flat metal reflector behind two co-polarized one-bit designs: a dipole array tag and a square patch tag. The results showed that the interfering signal completely overlaps the ID of the co-polarized tag, severely limiting its detectability. To solve this issue, the proposed solution involves reading the tag in cross-polarization mode by etching a diagonal slot in the square patch tag. This proposed tag provides high immunity to the environment and can be detected in front of both dielectric and metallic objects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s23177562
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Low-Profile Harmonic Transponder for IoT Applications
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Electronics Vol. 10, No. 17 ( 2021-08-25), p. 2053-
    Details
    In: Electronics, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 17 ( 2021-08-25), p. 2053-
    Abstract: This paper proposes a novel single-layer, low-profile harmonic transponder to be integrated with the printable diodes based on Si particles. The introduced prototype consists of two bowtie dipoles that are directly matched to the harmonic generation element at a fundamental 2.45GHz frequency and also at the corresponding second harmonic 4.9GHz frequency. Therefore, the antennas and T-matching parts can be manufactured as separate inlays using a single layer-substrate. Besides the new prototype, the harmonic conversion loss (CL) is theoretically and experimentally investigated. In this regard, the equivalent circuit is driven and utilized to analyze the CL performance with variations in fundamental frequency and input power. The introduced transponder outperforms the state-of-the-art work from the printability, size, and CL point of views.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-9292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/electronics10172053
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662127-7
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Novel Design Approach for Co/Cross-Polarizing Chipless RFID Tags of High Coding Capacity
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; 2017
    In:  IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification Vol. 1, No. 2 ( 2017-6), p. 135-143
    Details
    In: IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Vol. 1, No. 2 ( 2017-6), p. 135-143
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2469-7281 , 2469-729X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2017.2765560
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2867688-9
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