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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Oncology Practice Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2016-02), p. 175-176
    In: Journal of Oncology Practice, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2016-02), p. 175-176
    Abstract: QUESTION ASKED: We sought to determine the likelihood that pediatric and adolescent acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients experience a gap in health insurance coverage in the first 2 years of therapy. SUMMARY ANSWER: We found that 12% of patients with ALL in our sample who had insurance at diagnosis experienced a gap in insurance coverage during the first 2 years of therapy; that is, they had one or more clinic encounter at which they did not have insurance. Patients with public insurance at diagnosis were more likely to experience an insurance gap than those with private insurance at diagnosis, and those diagnosed in more recent years were less likely to experience a gap. METHODS/APPROACH: We determined insurance status at all clinic encounters at a tertiary children’s hospital within 2 years of diagnosis for patients diagnosed with ALL between 1998 and 2010, and calculated the odds of a gap occurring on the basis of demographic and diagnostic variables. BIAS, CONFOUNDING FACTOR(S), DRAWBACKS: Our assessment is from years before the roll-out of key Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act provisions, which should improve insurance coverage for pediatric and adolescent patients with ALL. In addition, we lacked information on patient or caregiver socioeconomic status, which may be important for explaining insurance gaps. Finally, our assessment is based on a single institution. REAL-LIFE IMPLICATIONS: Gaps in health insurance may exacerbate the financial and emotional burden associated with pediatric and adolescent cancer. Understanding the likelihood that these gaps will occur, as well as predictors of insurance gaps, will allow social workers and other providers to help families manage anticipated changes in insurance, with the goal of reducing unnecessary burden. [Figure: see text]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1554-7477 , 1935-469X
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3005549-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2236338-5
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  • 2
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 35, No. 30 ( 2017-10-20), p. 3474-3481
    Abstract: Survivors of childhood cancer may experience financial burden as a result of health care costs, particularly because these patients often require long-term medical care. We sought to evaluate the prevalence of financial burden and identify associations between a higher percentage of income spent on out-of-pocket medical costs (≥ 10% of annual income) and issues related to financial burden (jeopardizing care or changing lifestyle) among survivors of childhood cancer and a sibling comparison group. Methods Between May 2011 and April 2012, we surveyed an age-stratified, random sample of survivors of childhood cancer and a sibling comparison group who were enrolled in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Participants reported their household income, out-of-pocket medical costs, and issues related to financial burden (questions were adapted from national surveys on financial burden). Logistic regression identified associations between participant characteristics, a higher percentage of income spent on out-of-pocket medical costs, and financial burden, adjusting for potential confounders. Results Among 580 survivors of childhood cancer and 173 siblings, survivors of childhood cancer were more likely to have out-of-pocket medical costs ≥ 10% of annual income (10.0% v 2.9%; P 〈 .001). Characteristics of the survivors of childhood cancer that were associated with a higher percentage of income spent on out-of-pocket costs included hospitalization in the past year (odds ratio [OR], 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1 to 4.9) and household income 〈 $50,000 (OR, 5.5; 95% CI, 2.4 to 12.8). Among survivors of childhood cancer, a higher percentage of income spent on out-of-pocket medical costs was significantly associated with problems paying medical bills (OR, 8.9; 95% CI, 4.4 to 18.0); deferring care for a medical problem (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.6 to 5.9); skipping a test, treatment, or follow-up (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1 to 4.0); and thoughts of filing for bankruptcy (OR, 6.6; 95% CI, 3.0 to 14.3). Conclusion Survivors of childhood cancer are more likely to report spending a higher percentage of their income on out-of-pocket medical costs, which may influence their health-seeking behavior and potentially affect health outcomes. Our findings highlight the need to address financial burden in this population with long-term health care needs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2005181-5
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  • 3
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 34, No. 3_suppl ( 2016-01-20), p. 20-20
    Abstract: 20 Background: Survivors of childhood cancer face increased risks for morbidity and premature mortality due to the sequelae of their primary disease and its treatment. Survivors may be socioeconomically vulnerable, which could negatively impact their healthcare utilization. We investigated sociodemographic factors associated with forgoing needed healthcare due to cost among long-term survivors within the CCSS. Methods: From a survey of insured and uninsured survivors conducted in 2011-12, forgoing needed healthcare due to cost was determined by the question “In the past year, was there a time when you did any of the following because you were worried about the cost? (Yes/No)” with 10 response categories (e.g., skipping a test/treatment, postponing medical care, taking a smaller cost of a prescription). ‘Yes’ responses were summarized using a categorical outcome variable of 0, 1-2, or ≥ 3 instances of forgoing healthcare. Ordinal logistic regression models assessed the association of sociodemographic factors with increased instances of forgoing healthcare due to cost, including survey weights to account for stratified sampling. Results: Of 1,110 mailed surveys, we received 698 (64%) responses. Mean age at time of survey was 39.6 (range 24-60) years and average time since diagnosis was 31.3 (SD = 4.6) years. 23% of survivors reported 1-2 instances of foregoing needed healthcare and 31% reported 3 or more. Odds of more forgone needed healthcare due to costs were increased for those who were uninsured, female, and had a chronic medical condition. [Table: see text]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
    RVK:
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2005181-5
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  • 4
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 41, No. 16_suppl ( 2023-06-01), p. 10011-10011
    Abstract: 10011 Background: Little is known about whether Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) affected insurance coverage among adult survivors of childhood cancer, a population at high-risk for poor health outcome. We addressed this gap by evaluating the association between ACA Medicaid expansion and Medicaid enrollment among participants in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS). Methods: The CCSS cohort of 5-year survivors of childhood cancer was linked to administrative Medicaid insurance data in 2010-2016. We identified 13,895 adult survivors (aged 18-64 years) diagnosed with cancer under age 21 and between 1970 and 1999. Outcomes included (1) percentage with any Medicaid enrollment by year; and (2) Medicaid-covered days (number of days when a survivor was enrolled in Medicaid) during each year. Multivariable difference-in-differences (DD) models were used to examine outcome changes pre vs. post ACA Medicaid expansion, in expansion- vs. non-expansion states, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, education, and chronic conditions. Multivariable models were conducted overall and then stratified by cancer type, race/ethnicity, income, and education. Results: Medicaid enrollment rates increased more in expansion states (17.6% pre-expansion to 24.1% post-expansion) than non-expansion states (16.4% to 16.9%), leading to a net increase in enrollment of 6.6 percentage points (ppt; 95% CI = 5.5-7.7) in the multivariable DD model. Multivariable DD model showed a net increase of 18.4 days (95% CI = 13.8-23.1) in Medicaid-covered days in expansion states relative to non-expansion states. The expansion-associated increase in Medicaid enrollment rates was greatest among survivors of leukemia (multivariable DD estimate: 8.9 ppt, 95% CI = 6.9-11.0) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (8.0 ppt, 95% CI = 5.0-10.9). Greater increases in Medicaid enrollment were seen in non-Hispanic Black (13.5 ppt, 95% CI = 8.0-19.1) and Hispanic survivors (15.8 ppt, 95% CI = 10.6-21.0) than non-Hispanic White peers (5.1 ppt; 95% CI = 4.0-6.2); in survivors with 〈 $20K household income (11.7 ppt, 95% CI = 8.9-14.4) compared to those with ≥$60K household income (2.9 ppt, 95% CI = 1.6-4.2); and in survivors with high school or lower education (9.3 ppt, 95% CI = 6.9-11.8) compared to those with a college or higher degree (3.9 ppt, 95% CI = 2.6-5.3). Similar patterns were observed across survivor subgroups when examining Medicaid-covered days. Conclusions: We provide the first evidence on increased Medicaid enrollment and longer coverage duration among adult survivors of childhood cancer following Medicaid expansion, with greater increases seen among survivors of underrepresented racial/ethnic populations, those with low socioeconomic status, and high medical need survivors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
    RVK:
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2005181-5
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  • 5
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 33, No. 29_suppl ( 2015-10-10), p. 233-233
    Abstract: 233 Background: Cancer diagnosis and treatment can be associated with crippling financial burden, but whether this extends long-term into survivorship is unknown. We sought to examine survivors’ out-of-pocket (OOP) medical costs and their effects. Methods: From May 2011-April 2012, we surveyed a randomly selected sample of cancer survivors from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study to assess survivors’ 1) financial distress, 2) monetary insecurity and 3) cost-motivated health behavior in the past year. We estimated the proportion of survivors with high OOP costs (≥10% of their annual household income). To determine associations between high OOP costs and the 3 outcomes of financial burden noted above, we used logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each of the outcomes, adjusting for sex, marital status, insurance, employment and income. Results: Of 1,101 mailed surveys, we received 698 (63% response) with a median age of 39 years (range 25-60) and 31 years from diagnosis (range 23-42). 9.3% (n=54) reported high OOP costs. Survivors with high OOP costs were more likely to report financial distress, monetary insecurity and cost-motivated health behavior. Conclusions: Adult survivors of childhood cancer may experience high OOP costs, resulting in significant financial burden. Our findings suggest that survivors’ OOP burdens not only influence their financial distress and monetary insecurities, but may also negatively impact their health behavior. [Table: see text]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2005181-5
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  • 6
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 39, No. 15_suppl ( 2021-05-20), p. 10048-10048
    Abstract: 10048 Background: The impact of treatment era and chronic health conditions on health-related unemployment among childhood cancer survivors has not been studied. Methods: Childhood cancer survivors (age ≥25 years) enrolled in the CCSS (3,420 diagnosed in the 1970s, 3,564 in the 1980s, and 2,853 in the 1990s) were matched 1:5 on sex, race/ethnicity, census bureau division, age, and year of survey to the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a nationally representative population. Among survivors, health-related unemployment was defined as self-reported unemployment due to illness/disability and for BRFSS participants as self-reported inability to work. To standardize follow-up, health-related unemployment was assessed either in 2002-05 or 2014-16 for both cohorts. Sex stratified standardized prevalence ratio (SPR) and relative SPR (rSPR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for health-related unemployment were estimated using multivariable generalized linear models, with BRFSS background rates to assess the impact of treatment era and moderate to severe health conditions (per the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events). Results: Prevalence of health-related unemployment in survivors (median age 9 years [range 0-20] at diagnosis and 33 years [25-54] at follow-up) was significantly higher compared to BRFSS participants (females: 11.3% vs 3.7%; SPR 3.0, 95% CI 2.7-3.3; males: 10.5% vs 3.0%; SPR 3.5, 95% CI 3.1-3.9). Health-related unemployment risks declined among survivors in more recent decades (p trend 〈 0.001) for females: 1970s SPR 3.8, 95% CI 3.2-4.5, 1980s SPR 2.9, 95% CI 2.5-3.5, 1990s SPR 2.5, 95% CI 2.1-3.0; and males: 1970s SPR 3.6, 95% CI 2.9-4.4, 1980s SPR 3.8, 95% CI 3.1-4.7, 1990s SPR 3.0, 95% CI 2.5-3.7. Among survivors, multivariable models identified associations between presence of specific health conditions and elevated health-related unemployment (Table) adjusting for all statistically significant health conditions, race/ethnicity, treatment era, age at survey, and diagnosis. Among females, rSPR for endocrine conditions differed between 1970s and 1990s (interaction p = 0.04); fewer significant health conditions remained in the final model for males. Conclusions: While prevalence for health-related unemployment has declined over time, childhood cancer survivors remain at higher risk compared to the general population. These elevated risks are associated with chronic health conditions and affect female survivors more than male survivors.[Table: see text]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
    RVK:
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2005181-5
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  • 7
    In: Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2019-07), p. e00059-
    Abstract: Despite overall reductions in colorectal cancer burden, incidence rates continue to rise among younger patients, and causes remain unknown. We examined differences in clinicopathologic and racial/ethnic characteristics within the adolescent and young adult (AYA) population diagnosed with colorectal cancer in the United States. METHODS: Using the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program data, we identified individuals diagnosed with first primary colorectal cancer between ages 15 and 39 years from 2010 to 2015. Adjusted multivariable logistic regression models were used to quantify clinicopathologic and racial/ethnic differences across age at onset subgroups (15–19, 20–24, 25–29, 30–34, and 35–39 years). RESULTS: We identified 5,350 AYA patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Of note, 28.6% of AYA cases were diagnosed with right-sided tumors (cecum to transverse colon). The proportion of right-sided colorectal cancers differed significantly by age group at diagnosis (38.3% vs 27.3% of AYAs aged 15–19 vs 35–39 years, respectively; P trend = 0.01). Proportions of cases with mucinous adenocarcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma histopathologic subtypes significantly increased with younger age at onset ( P trends = 0.01 and 0.03, respectively). Differences in clinical stage were observed across AYA age groups, with stage II disease increasing with younger age ( P trend = 0.01). The proportion of Hispanic AYAs was higher within younger patients, accounting for 21.0% of the AYA population aged 35–39 years up to 28.3% of 15–19-year-old individuals ( P trend = 0.003). DISCUSSION: Within the AYA population, colorectal cancers differ by clinicopathologic and racial/ethnic characteristics. Further investigation of the clinical and biologic diversity of colorectal cancers that partially underlie age- and race-related differences in cancer susceptibility and outcomes is warranted.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2155-384X
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2581516-7
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  • 8
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 40, No. 16_suppl ( 2022-06-01), p. 10051-10051
    Abstract: 10051 Background: Chronic health conditions are prevalent among adult survivors of childhood cancer. The impact of health on maintaining full-time (FT) employment, a common indicator of socioeconomic independence, has not been studied in this population. Methods: Self-reported employment status (FT, part-time [PT], unemployed [any reason] , not in labor force) was assessed at two timepoints (2002-04 [T1] and 2015-16 [T2] ) in adult (≥25y old) survivors of childhood cancer diagnosed between 1970-86. Sex-stratified Poisson regression, adjusted for race and ages at diagnosis and T2, was used to study associations between timing and severity of chronic health conditions (graded per the CTCAE v4.03) and transitions from FT to PT or unemployed. Results: Survivors employed FT at T1 (males=1712, median age [min-max]: 34y [25-53] ; females=1337, 33y [25-53]) who reported employment status at T2 were included. At T2 (median time from T1 11.5y [9.4-13.8] ), 83% males and 70% females remained employed FT, but 4% and 10% transitioned to PT, and 11% and 12% to unemployed (additional 2% and 8% left the labor force), respectively. Male and female survivors with grade 2 or 3-4 neurologic conditions acquired before T1 or between T1-T2 were at a higher risk of moving from FT to PT or unemployed compared to those with grade 0-1 conditions. Males and females with grade 3-4 respiratory conditions prior to T1 and cardiac and musculoskeletal conditions acquired between T1-T2 were also at higher risk for moving to PT or unemployed (Table). Additional predictors for males included grade 2 vision (before T1 RR 2.3, 95% CI 1.5-3.3; between T1-T2 RR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.7) and endocrine (before T1 RR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.9; between T1-T2 RR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2.3) conditions. Conclusions: A substantial portion of adult survivors of childhood cancer with health conditions of varying severity leave FT employment. Increased awareness of all stakeholders may facilitate access to clinical counseling and occupational provisions for flexible and supportive work accommodations to reduce work-related barriers for childhood cancer survivors. [Table: see text]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2005181-5
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  • 9
    In: Cancer, Wiley, Vol. 127, No. 17 ( 2021-09), p. 3214-3222
    Abstract: Survivors of childhood cancer are at risk for economic consequences of their cancer treatment that manifest through the domains of material, behavioral, and psychological hardship. A high intensity of medical financial hardship is common among survivors of long‐term childhood cancer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-543X , 1097-0142
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1479932-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2599218-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2594979-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1429-1
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  • 10
    In: Atmosphere, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2020-10-13), p. 1094-
    Abstract: Utah’s low-smoking population and high population density concentrated in mountain valleys, with intermittent industrial activity and frequent temperature inversions, have yielded unique opportunities to study air pollution. These studies have contributed to the understanding of the human health impacts of air pollution. The populated mountain valleys of Utah experience considerable variability in concentrations of ambient air pollution because of local emission sources that change over time and episodic atmospheric conditions that result in elevated concentrations of air pollution. Evidence from Utah studies indicates that air pollution, especially combustion-related fine particulate matter air pollution and ozone, contributes to various adverse health outcomes, including respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and increased risk of lung cancer. The evidence suggests that air pollution may also contribute to risk of pre-term birth, pregnancy loss, school absences, and other adverse health outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4433
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2605928-9
    SSG: 23
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